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Eisteddfod Айстедвод Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod 이스테드보드 Эйстетвод Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod Eisteddfod
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Lo Eisteddfod è un tipico festival gallese di letteratura, musica e spettacolo. La parola italiana più vicina al termine "Eisteddfod" è "Sessione". È un termine composto dai vocaboli gallesi "eistedd", che significa "sedersi", e "bod", l'equivalente del nostro verbo "essere". Is éard atá i gceist le hEisteddfod ná comórtas a bhíonn ar siúl sa Bhreatain Bheag de ghnáth, chomh maith le tíortha eile. Mar shampla, Tionóltar eisteddfod i bPatagóin na hAirgintíne freisin, áit ina gcónaíonn cainteoiri Breatnaise i gceantar Chubut. Glacann scríbhneoirí, amhránaithe agus ceoltóirí, i measc daoine eile, páirt ann. Tionóltar Eisteddfodau (uimhir iolra) éagsúla ach tá clú ar Eisteddfod Náisiúnta na Breataine Bige ach go háirithe. 이스테드보드(웨일스어: Eisteddfod, 발음: [ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd])는 문학, 음악, 연기를 주제로 하는 웨일스의 축제이다. 이 축제의 전통은 12세기 경으로 거슬러 올라가는데, 의 (Rhys ap Gryffydd of Deheubarth)가 카디건의 저택에서 시와 음악을 다루는 축제를 개최한 것이 유래이다. 하지만 음유시인의 전통이 쇠락하면서, 이 축제도 일시적으로 중단된다. 현재와 비슷한 형식을 갖춘 이스테드보드는 18세기에 이르러 다수의 비공식적 축제가 등장하면서 부활하게 된 것이다. 최초의 이스테드보드를 언제로 볼 것이냐는 학자들 사이에 많은 논쟁이 있다. 웨일스에서 시를 심사하는 판정단은 확실히 12세기부터 존재했으며, 고대 켈트 음유시인들도 시를 심사하는 방식을 공식화했던 것으로 보인다. En eisteddfod (uttalas [əiˈstɛðvɔd]; i plural eisteddfodau [əistɛðˈvɔdaɨ]) är en walesisk festival för litteratur, musik och framföranden. Dessa festivalers ursprung kan spåras tillbaka till åtminstone 1100-talet, när en poesi- och musikfestival hölls av Rhys ap Gruffydd vid dennes hov i Cardigan år 1176, men i och med tillbakagången av den bardiska traditionen, upphörde även eisteddfodau. Dagens upplägg av eisteddfodau har ett återupplivande under 1700-talet att tacka. Detta återupplivande uppstod ur ett antal informella eisteddfodau. In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music.The term eisteddfod, which is formed from the Welsh morphemes: eistedd, meaning 'sit', and fod, meaning 'be', means, according to Hywel Teifi Edwards, "sitting-together." Edwards further defines the earliest form of the eisteddfod as a competitive meeting between bards and minstrels, in which the winner was chosen by a noble or royal patron. Eisteddfod (pluralean, eisteddfodau) galeserazko kultur jaialdia da, literatura eta musikaren ingurukoa eta lehiaketaren modukoa, poesia arlo nagusia izanda. Lehenengo aztarnak XII. mendekoak dira. Gaur egun, Galesen urtero antolatzen dute jaialdi nazional moduan, eta herrialdetik kanpo ere tokian tokiko ekitaldiak egiten dituzte. Eisteddfod (oznacza siedzący) – walijski festiwal literatury, muzyki i piosenki. Tradycja takich spotkań walijskich artystów sięga aż XII wieku, lecz wraz z zanikiem społeczności i tradycji bardów popadała w zapomnienie do końca XVII wieku, gdy w 1701 roku Thomas Jones, wydawca małych czasopism zwanych almanakami zorganizował festiwal w miejscowości Machynllew. Na spotkania przybywają chóry, śpiewacy oraz zespoły taneczne, które biorą udział w konkursie. Das Eisteddfod ([ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd], Plural Eisteddfodau [ə(i)stɛðˈvɔda(ɨ)], von walisisch eistedd „sitzen“ und bod „sein“) ist ein Fest der Literatur, der Musik und des Gesangs in Wales. Die Tradition dieses Künstlertreffens geht zurück auf das erste Eisteddfod in Cardigan im 12. Jahrhundert, wurde aber zwischenzeitlich nahezu vergessen. Erst im 18. Jahrhundert wurde sie im Rahmen romantischer Bewegungen und des erwachenden walisischen Nationalbewusstseins wiederbelebt. Un eisteddfod (AFI: /aɪˈstɛðvəd/, gal·lès /ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd/; plural eisteddfodau /-stɛð'vɔdaɨ/) és una mena de festival gal·lès de literatura, música i espectacles de teatre i dansa. Aplecs d'aquesta mena se n'han fet des del segle xii, pel cap baix, quan Rhys ap Gruffydd de Deheubarth presidí un festival de poesia i música a la seva cort d' el 1176, però el posterior declivi de l'activitat bàrdica interrompé la continuïtat de la tradició. El format actual d'aquesta mena d'actes és fruit d'un renaixement del segle xviii que portà a la realització de diversos eisteddfodau informals, que desencadenarien el fenomen posterior. El mot eisteddfod deriva del verb gal·lès eistedd, que significa seure. Une eisteddfod (au pluriel eisteddfodau) est un festival gallois de littérature, musique et théâtre où des compétitions suivies de remises de prix ont lieu dans diverses disciplines autour de la langue galloise, et principalement la poésie. Le mot eisteddfod désigne un regroupement ou une assemblée. La tradition remonte au moins au XIIe siècle quand Rhys ap Gruffydd de Deheubarth tint un festival de poésie et musique à sa cour de Cardigan en 1176. Il existe trois catégories d'Eisteddfod au pays de Galles. Эйстетвод (валл. Eisteddfod; (инф.)) — валлийские - фестивали с элементами соревнования. Истоки эйстетводов находятся в традиции средневековых бардовских встреч, существовавшей по крайней мере с VII века нашей эры. Победители в каждой номинации награждаются короной и специально изготовленным . С 1880 года проводится ежегодный (в Южном и Северном Уэльсе попеременно), с 1947 года в Лланголлене проходит . Een eisteddfod is een festival in Wales met literatuur, muziek en optredens. De traditie stamt uit de 12e eeuw en werd uiteindelijk vergeten. Pas vanaf 1792 werd het feest onder invloed van de romantiek weer gevierd. Het woord eisteddfod (meervoud: eisteddfodau) is een samenstelling van de Welshe woorden eistedd, dat "zitten" betekent, en bod, dat "zijn" betekent (waarbij de beginletter b in f verandert volgens de regels van Welshe consonantmutatie). Айстедвод (валл. Eistedfodd [əiˈstɛðvɔd] — це "посиденьки"; мн. eisteddfodau [ə(i)stɛðˈvɔdaɨ]) — щорічний фестиваль валлійських бардів (музика, поезія, література), триває протягом тижня, проводиться з дохристиянських часів. Слово сформовано з двох валійських морфем (eistedd — сидіти, та bod — бувати, відвідувати). Аналоги фестивалю проводяться в США, Австралії, Аргентині тощо. El Eisteddfod es una festividad de origen galés, que comenzó a celebrarse en el siglo XII, cuando el conde de Deheubarth organizó esta festividad y competición de poesía y música, en Cardigan en 1176. Los poetas galeses se reunían cada año para relatar sus poesías y escritos, y así competir entre ellos para obtener un lugar en la mesa del príncipe que organizaba el certamen, garantizando de esta forma su bienestar.
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이스테드보드(웨일스어: Eisteddfod, 발음: [ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd])는 문학, 음악, 연기를 주제로 하는 웨일스의 축제이다. 이 축제의 전통은 12세기 경으로 거슬러 올라가는데, 의 (Rhys ap Gryffydd of Deheubarth)가 카디건의 저택에서 시와 음악을 다루는 축제를 개최한 것이 유래이다. 하지만 음유시인의 전통이 쇠락하면서, 이 축제도 일시적으로 중단된다. 현재와 비슷한 형식을 갖춘 이스테드보드는 18세기에 이르러 다수의 비공식적 축제가 등장하면서 부활하게 된 것이다. 최초의 이스테드보드를 언제로 볼 것이냐는 학자들 사이에 많은 논쟁이 있다. 웨일스에서 시를 심사하는 판정단은 확실히 12세기부터 존재했으며, 고대 켈트 음유시인들도 시를 심사하는 방식을 공식화했던 것으로 보인다. 최초의 이스테드보드는 1176년으로 추정하며, 귀족인 리스 경이 카디건에 위치한 본인의 성에서 웨일스 각지의 시인과 음악가를 초청한 모임을 개최했다. 최고의 실력을 지닌 시인과 음악가에게는 리스 경의 탁자에서 의자를 상으로 수여했는데, 이는 현대의 이스테드보드 축제와 동일한 전통이다. 최초의 대규모 이스테드보드는 1451년에 카마던(Carmarthen)에서 열렸고, 1568년에는 (Caerwys)에서 열린 것으로 기록되었다. 당시 상품으로는 최고의 시인에게 모형 은제 의자, 우승한 현악 연주가에게 작은 은제 크루스, 최고의 가수에게 은제 혀 모형이, 최고의 하피스트에게 소형 은제 하프가 수여되었다. 원래 이 경연은 귀족에게 보수를 지급받는 전문 웨일스 음유시인들만이 출전할 수 있었다. 잉글랜드의 엘리자베스 1세는 경연의 수준을 최상으로 유지하기 위해서 음유시인들이 시험에 응시하고 자격을 취득하도록 명령했다. 하지만 웨일스 예술에 대한 관심이 점차 사그라들면서, 이스테드보드의 기준도 낮아지고 격식을 덜 중요시하게 되었다. 1789년, 토마스 존스는 에서 이스테드보드를 기획했다. 이 축제에는 최초로 일반인이 출전할 수 있었고, 이 행사의 성공이 웨일스의 문학과 음악에 대한 관심이 부활하는 계기가 되었다. Is éard atá i gceist le hEisteddfod ná comórtas a bhíonn ar siúl sa Bhreatain Bheag de ghnáth, chomh maith le tíortha eile. Mar shampla, Tionóltar eisteddfod i bPatagóin na hAirgintíne freisin, áit ina gcónaíonn cainteoiri Breatnaise i gceantar Chubut. Glacann scríbhneoirí, amhránaithe agus ceoltóirí, i measc daoine eile, páirt ann. Tionóltar Eisteddfodau (uimhir iolra) éagsúla ach tá clú ar Eisteddfod Náisiúnta na Breataine Bige ach go háirithe. Une eisteddfod (au pluriel eisteddfodau) est un festival gallois de littérature, musique et théâtre où des compétitions suivies de remises de prix ont lieu dans diverses disciplines autour de la langue galloise, et principalement la poésie. Le mot eisteddfod désigne un regroupement ou une assemblée. La tradition remonte au moins au XIIe siècle quand Rhys ap Gruffydd de Deheubarth tint un festival de poésie et musique à sa cour de Cardigan en 1176. Le déclin de la tradition les fit disparaître. Elles furent recréées au XVIIIe siècle qui vit l'apparition de plusieurs eisteddfodau locales. La première eisteddfod nationale est réputée avoir eu lieu en 1792.Elles témoignent de la vitalité d'une culture, maintenant activement soutenue par un gouvernement local gallois, un système scolaire organisant l'accès pour tous à la langue galloise, une télévision favorisant la création galloise, littéraire et musicale, et la vie artistique dans cette langue. Il existe trois catégories d'Eisteddfod au pays de Galles. * l'Eisteddfod nationale * l'Eisteddfod de la jeunesse, ou Eisteddfod Urdd Gobaith Cymru (Eisteddfod de la Ligue de la jeunesse galloise), dite généralement Steddfod yr Urdd * l'Eisteddfod internationale Эйстетвод (валл. Eisteddfod; (инф.)) — валлийские - фестивали с элементами соревнования. Истоки эйстетводов находятся в традиции средневековых бардовских встреч, существовавшей по крайней мере с VII века нашей эры. Победители в каждой номинации награждаются короной и специально изготовленным . С 1880 года проводится ежегодный (в Южном и Северном Уэльсе попеременно), с 1947 года в Лланголлене проходит . Eisteddfod (pluralean, eisteddfodau) galeserazko kultur jaialdia da, literatura eta musikaren ingurukoa eta lehiaketaren modukoa, poesia arlo nagusia izanda. Lehenengo aztarnak XII. mendekoak dira. Gaur egun, Galesen urtero antolatzen dute jaialdi nazional moduan, eta herrialdetik kanpo ere tokian tokiko ekitaldiak egiten dituzte. Eisteddfod (oznacza siedzący) – walijski festiwal literatury, muzyki i piosenki. Tradycja takich spotkań walijskich artystów sięga aż XII wieku, lecz wraz z zanikiem społeczności i tradycji bardów popadała w zapomnienie do końca XVII wieku, gdy w 1701 roku Thomas Jones, wydawca małych czasopism zwanych almanakami zorganizował festiwal w miejscowości Machynllew. Na spotkania przybywają chóry, śpiewacy oraz zespoły taneczne, które biorą udział w konkursie. In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music.The term eisteddfod, which is formed from the Welsh morphemes: eistedd, meaning 'sit', and fod, meaning 'be', means, according to Hywel Teifi Edwards, "sitting-together." Edwards further defines the earliest form of the eisteddfod as a competitive meeting between bards and minstrels, in which the winner was chosen by a noble or royal patron. The first documented instance of such a literary festival and competition took place under the patronage of Prince Rhys ap Gruffudd of the House of Dinefwr at Cardigan Castle in 1176. However, with the loss of Welsh independence at the hands of King Edward I, the closing of the bardic schools, and the Anglicization of the Welsh nobility, it fell into abeyance. The current format owes much to an 18th-century revival, first patronized and overseen by the London-based Gwyneddigion Society. It was later co-opted by the Gorsedd Cymru, a secret society of poets, writers, and musicians founded by Iolo Morganwg, whose beliefs were "a compound of Christianity and Druidism, Philosophy and Mysticism." Despite the Druidic influences and the demonstrably fictitious nature of Iolo Morganwg's doctrines, rituals, and ceremonies, both the Gorsedd and the eisteddfod revival were embraced and spread widely by Anglican and nonconformist clergy. The revival therefore proved enormously successful and is credited as one of the primary reasons for the continued survival of the Welsh language, Welsh literature, and Welsh culture after more than eight centuries of colonialism. During his two 20th-century terms as Archdruid of the Gorsedd Cymru, Albert Evans-Jones, whose bardic name was Cynan and who was a war poet and minister of the Presbyterian Church of Wales, created new rituals for both the Gorsedd and the eisteddfod which are based upon the Christian beliefs of the Welsh people rather than upon Modern Druidry. After watching an initiation into the Gorsedd at the 2002 National Eisteddfod, Marcus Tanner wrote that the rituals "seemed culled from the pages of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Since its 18th-century revival, the eisteddfod tradition has been carried all over the world by the Welsh diaspora. Today's eisteddfodau (plural form) and the National Eisteddfod of Wales in particular, are in equal parts a Renaissance fair, a Celtic festival, a musical festival, a literary festival, and "the supreme exhibition of the Welsh culture." In some other countries, the term eisteddfod is used for performing arts competitions that have nothing to do with Welsh culture or the Welsh language. In other cases, however, the eisteddfod tradition has been adapted into other cultures as part of the ongoing fight to preserve endangered languages such as Irish, Cornish, Breton, Scottish Gaelic, Canadian Gaelic, Guernésiais, and Jèrriais. Un eisteddfod (AFI: /aɪˈstɛðvəd/, gal·lès /ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd/; plural eisteddfodau /-stɛð'vɔdaɨ/) és una mena de festival gal·lès de literatura, música i espectacles de teatre i dansa. Aplecs d'aquesta mena se n'han fet des del segle xii, pel cap baix, quan Rhys ap Gruffydd de Deheubarth presidí un festival de poesia i música a la seva cort d' el 1176, però el posterior declivi de l'activitat bàrdica interrompé la continuïtat de la tradició. El format actual d'aquesta mena d'actes és fruit d'un renaixement del segle xviii que portà a la realització de diversos eisteddfodau informals, que desencadenarien el fenomen posterior. El mot eisteddfod deriva del verb gal·lès eistedd, que significa seure. Das Eisteddfod ([ə(i)ˈstɛðvɔd], Plural Eisteddfodau [ə(i)stɛðˈvɔda(ɨ)], von walisisch eistedd „sitzen“ und bod „sein“) ist ein Fest der Literatur, der Musik und des Gesangs in Wales. Die Tradition dieses Künstlertreffens geht zurück auf das erste Eisteddfod in Cardigan im 12. Jahrhundert, wurde aber zwischenzeitlich nahezu vergessen. Erst im 18. Jahrhundert wurde sie im Rahmen romantischer Bewegungen und des erwachenden walisischen Nationalbewusstseins wiederbelebt. Een eisteddfod is een festival in Wales met literatuur, muziek en optredens. De traditie stamt uit de 12e eeuw en werd uiteindelijk vergeten. Pas vanaf 1792 werd het feest onder invloed van de romantiek weer gevierd. Het woord eisteddfod (meervoud: eisteddfodau) is een samenstelling van de Welshe woorden eistedd, dat "zitten" betekent, en bod, dat "zijn" betekent (waarbij de beginletter b in f verandert volgens de regels van Welshe consonantmutatie). El Eisteddfod es una festividad de origen galés, que comenzó a celebrarse en el siglo XII, cuando el conde de Deheubarth organizó esta festividad y competición de poesía y música, en Cardigan en 1176. Los poetas galeses se reunían cada año para relatar sus poesías y escritos, y así competir entre ellos para obtener un lugar en la mesa del príncipe que organizaba el certamen, garantizando de esta forma su bienestar. Айстедвод (валл. Eistedfodd [əiˈstɛðvɔd] — це "посиденьки"; мн. eisteddfodau [ə(i)stɛðˈvɔdaɨ]) — щорічний фестиваль валлійських бардів (музика, поезія, література), триває протягом тижня, проводиться з дохристиянських часів. Слово сформовано з двох валійських морфем (eistedd — сидіти, та bod — бувати, відвідувати). Традиція проведення цього заходу у валійських майстрів своєї справи відноситься, щонайменше, до XII століття. Тоді фестиваль поезії і музики відбувся в замку Кардиган в 1176 році і проводився людиною на ім'я , який був правителем валійського королевства Дехейбарт, але у зв'язку із занепадом бардівських традицій, фестиваль деякий час не проводився. Сьогоднішній формат проведення свята в багато чому зобов'язаний відродженню XVIII століття. Аналоги фестивалю проводяться в США, Австралії, Аргентині тощо. En eisteddfod (uttalas [əiˈstɛðvɔd]; i plural eisteddfodau [əistɛðˈvɔdaɨ]) är en walesisk festival för litteratur, musik och framföranden. Dessa festivalers ursprung kan spåras tillbaka till åtminstone 1100-talet, när en poesi- och musikfestival hölls av Rhys ap Gruffydd vid dennes hov i Cardigan år 1176, men i och med tillbakagången av den bardiska traditionen, upphörde även eisteddfodau. Dagens upplägg av eisteddfodau har ett återupplivande under 1700-talet att tacka. Detta återupplivande uppstod ur ett antal informella eisteddfodau. Ordet eisteddfod är ett kymriskt ord som kommer från verbet eistedd (”att sitta”), och en konsonantmuterad form av bod (”att vara”). Ordet betyder således ungefär ”att vara sittande”, eller ”att sitta tillsammans”. Lo Eisteddfod è un tipico festival gallese di letteratura, musica e spettacolo. La parola italiana più vicina al termine "Eisteddfod" è "Sessione". È un termine composto dai vocaboli gallesi "eistedd", che significa "sedersi", e "bod", l'equivalente del nostro verbo "essere".
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