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Subject Item
dbr:Glossary_of_botanical_terms
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Plant-Vortaro Glossário da morfologia vegetal Glossario botanico Glossaire de botanique Botanisk ordlista Glossary of botanical terms Glossari de botànica Lijst van botanische begrippen قائمة مصطلحات علم النبات
rdfs:comment
Hieronder staat een lijst van botanische begrippen. Zie ook voor terminologie: beschrijvende plantkunde - , waar de begrippen in samenhang worden gepresenteerd. Wanneer een in deze lijst genoemd begrip niet apart wordt beschreven dan wordt doorverwezen naar een tekstgedeelte waarin het begrip wordt uitgelegd. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Jam antaŭ kelkaj jaroj W. F. Pilger publikigis Provizora privata listo de komunlingvaj nomoj de plantoj el kiu la (REF) deprenis la plejgrandan parton de ĝiaj elementoj. Fakte REF okupiĝis principe pri la sciencecaj nomoj, inter kiuj la latingrekaj sciencnomoj, almenaŭ la genronomoj estas esperantigitaj, ekz. Anthriscus: antrisko; Iris: iriso. Bedaŭrinde unu el la kunlaborantoj de la revizio de 'PIV' ne aprobinte plurajn principojn de tiu laboro taksis la tuton ne valida. Celante eviti polemikon kaj provante esti kiel eble plej komprenita de nefakaj plantamantoj, la laboro glitis al kompilado de la popolaj plantnomoj. Glossário da morfologia vegetal, ou terminologia descritiva das plantas, é a designação dada ao conjunto de termos utilizados por botânicos, taxonomistas e outros biólogos na descrição técnica da morfologia vegetal. Esta terminologia foi desenvolvida ao longo dos séculos criando um vocabulário específico, maioritariamente com etimologia neolatina e neo-helénica, que inclui um elevado número de termos especificamente criados para descrever os órgãos das plantas e as suas partes que podem ser observados com o olho humano usando não mais do que uma lupa de mão. Estes termos são utilizados para identificar e classificar as plantas. Aquest recull de termes botànics proposa d'organitzar la terminologia botànica agrupant-los en un únic lloc per tal de poder fer-hi referència en aquells conceptes que no tinguin article propi. Actualment hi ha prop de 2500 entrades de les quals es dona una breu definició. Els conceptes remarcats amb un asterisc no tenen entrada pròpia i s'enllaça a l'article principal dins el seu context. Els conceptes no enllaçats no tenen, provisionalment, cap article relacionat; per bé que en molts es procura mostrar-ne un exemple gràfic. Cal remarcar que les definicions de molts termes atenen exclusivament les accepcions relacionades amb les ciències botàniques. A * Abaxial : adjectif, dont la direction est opposée à la tige ou à l'axe (= face inférieure). * Aberrant : adjectif, qui diffère de la normale, anormal. * Abortif : adjectif, incomplètement développé. * Abrévié : adjectif, raccourci. * Abruptement : adverbe, de manière brutale, et non graduelle. * Abscise : nom, chute d'un organe. * Absciser : verbe, arracher en coupant. * Abscisse : nom, couche de cellules qui, en se desséchant, amènent la chute des feuilles. * Abscission : nom, processus de décollement amenant la chute des feuilles. * Acanthocarpe : adjectif, fruit hérissé de fortes épines (Datura stramonium). * Acanthoclade : adjectif, qui a les rameaux hérissés de fortes épines (Acacia acanthoclade). * Acanthophore : adjectif, qui est hérissé d'épines ou de gros poils rud This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names. Det här är en lista över ord som är vanligt förekommande inom botaniken. Denna lista ska förklara de vanligaste begreppen som används då växters utseende, förökning, växtplats och växtsätt beskrivs. En del ord förklaras i mer djupgående artiklar, medan andra förklaras i sin helhet här. Om något ord saknas så går det bra att ta upp det på diskussionssidan, eller helt enkelt lägga till det här. Denna artikel är dock under avveckling och planeras bli ersatt med fullständiga artiklar på alla ämnen. Bidra gärna! Innehåll: 0 0
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dbr:Name_of_a_biological_genus dbr:Saccate dbr:Allelopathy s.t. dbr:Hypogynous dbr:Samphire dbr:Verruculose dbr:Verruciform epecophyte emergent apophysis dbr:Hemerochory sensu amplo dbr:Dioecious dbr:Domatium dbr:Pedate chasmophyte dbr:Groundcover arctotoid dbr:Parasite dbr:Ramet dbr:Appendage ob- dbr:Introrse dbr:Gynomonoecious dbr:Perfect_flower dbr:Casparian_strip dbr:Bilateral_symmetry funicle dbr:Sensu dbr:Falcate dbr:Columnar mesophyll dbr:Ligule ascending dbr:Germination dbr:Fruit dbr:Branchlet dbr:Legume dbr:Harmomegathy dbr:Pleated dbr:Gall dbr:Articulation_(botany) dbr:Phloem dbr:Sclerophyll dbr:Obovate trifoliate dbr:Tepal dbr:Sterility_(physiology) dbr:Aggregate_fruit dbr:Samara_(fruit) dbr:Mutation phylloplane lacuna dbr:Species pilose syntepalous inserted dbr:Leaf_sheath corcle cenanthous dbr:Aestivation dbr:Seed dbr:Indumentum dbr:Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles dbr:Lignotuber apiculate liane sanguine dbr:Head_(botany) lip antheridiophore dbr:Chloroplast bracteolate dbr:Taproot dbr:Perianth dbr:Pome -ales dbr:Cespitose dbr:Theca dbr:Latex dbr:Oblanceolate dbr:Angiosperm dbr:Zygote dbr:Class_(biology) dbr:Asymmetry dbr:Symmetry_(geometry) dbr:Aristate_(botany) fauces dbr:Epiphytic article dbr:Cline_(biology) dbr:Rhizosphere dbr:Felted dbr:Dicotyledon dbr:Etiolation guttulate dbr:Cutting_(plant) dbr:Distyly dbr:Enation dbr:Pubescent_(botany) dbr:Genotype dbr:Rhizine dbr:Plant_secretory_tissue dbr:Evergreen dbr:Flexuous dbr:Vessel_element taxon dbr:Megastrobilus dbr:Cultivar dbr:Cultivar_group dbr:Catkin dbr:Noxious_weed dbr:Monograph dbr:Rimose acropetal dbr:Achene dbr:Self-pollination dbr:Dehiscence_(botany) dichotomous pulverulent rugulose dbr:Arboretum dbr:Epicotyl dbr:Anemophilous dbr:Erose dbr:Rachilla_(disambiguation) dbr:Stenospermocarpy sensu auct. dbr:Mycorrhiza dbr:Knee dbr:Culm_(botany) dbr:Lecanorine globulose asperulous dbr:Lunate dbr:Bipinnate foliate attenuate dbr:Caudex dbr:Schizocarp dbr:Flora carduoid nomen conservandum dbr:Panicle dbr:Alate fugacious alternipetalous adherent dbr:Idioblast dbr:Cyathium mesophyllous dbr:Obconic dbr:Locule dbr:Polygamomonoecious dbr:Pollination dbr:Isidium endophloeodal dbr:Berry_(botany) dbr:Photosynthesis dbr:Series_(botany) floret dbr:Opposite_(botany) dbr:Species_affinis dbr:Nut_(fruit) grass dbr:Understory dbr:Hilum_(biology) gynobasic dbr:Stigma_(botany) dbr:Leaf_shape trophophyll dbr:Soredium dbr:Dioicous dbr:Leaf_vein dbr:Mycelium stipella pileate dbr:Cartilaginous dbr:Hand-pollination dbr:Type_genus tetrad dbr:Taxonomy_(biology) dbr:Ensiform dbr:Anastomosis dbr:Diurnality dbr:Trunk_(botany) dbr:Monotypic dbr:Merosity uniserial dbr:Hypanthium apiphily hemi-legume dbr:Genus dbr:Podocarpium dbr:Subspecies dbr:Divaricate dbr:Aculeate dbr:Buttress_root dbr:Pseudanthium dbr:Adventive dbr:Forest dbr:Pitcher_(container) dbr:Leaf dbr:Corona_(perianth) dbr:Aphlebia dbr:Asexual_reproduction retrorse dbr:Population incised dbr:Husk dbr:Haploid dbr:Trifoliolate alternate Caropodium infraspecific dbr:Monoecious dbr:Tetraspore dbr:Glabrescent oft. dbr:Glabrousness_(botany) dbr:Tussock_grass dbr:Chlorophyll dbr:Rhizodermis dbr:Acuminate dbr:Prothallus dbr:Laciniate dbr:Monoicous dbr:Entire_leaf antrorse dbr:Tree dbr:Chlorosis dbr:Subgenus dbr:Tendril dbr:Subshrub dbr:Polygamous dbr:Variegated tuberoid dbr:Nectar dbr:Shoot dbr:Bud_sport dbr:Sessility_(botany) dbr:Pseudo dbr:Infructescence dbr:Viridiplantae dbr:Rose_hip Klausenfrucht paracarpel strigose dbr:Peduncle_(botany) dbr:Rosette_(botany) dbr:Binomial_nomenclature dbr:Monocotyledon dbr:Gametophore dbr:Gametophyte dbr:Sporophyll orthotropous dbr:Endemism dbr:Obligate_parasite dbr:Trullate dbr:Bark_(botany) dbr:Seta dbr:Sclerenchyma dbr:Bract dbr:Diaspore_(botany) dbr:Bracteole drupelet acrophyll dbr:Mycotroph dbr:Mangrove symphyllous dbr:Habit_(biology) dbr:Deciduous pulvinate dbr:F1_hybrid dbr:Hybrid_formula dbr:Hyper-resupinate dbr:Imparipinnate dbr:Habitat dbr:Calyx_tube dbr:Peltate gibbous dbr:Illegitimate_name dbr:Epicuticular_wax dbr:Imbricate dbr:Heathland dbr:Foliicolous dbr:Vine dbr:Section_(botany) dbr:Heteromorphic dbr:Hippocrepiform dbr:Hispid dbr:Homochlamydeous dbr:Farinaceous dbr:Interjugary_glands dbr:Interpetiolar dbr:Spadix_(botany) dbr:Inferior_ovary dbr:Infrageneric dbr:Isobifacial dbr:Isotomic dbr:Intrastaminal dbr:Anemophily obsolete coleoptile sensitive dbr:Keel_(petal) spica dbr:Juvenile_leaves dbr:Lacinia dbr:Shrub archegoniophore dbr:Lodicule dbr:Ovule dbr:Jugary_gland dbr:Jugum dbr:Iridescence dbr:Jugary dbr:Bulbil dbr:Stock dbr:Bulb dbr:Leaf_trace dbr:Lepidote dbr:Sympetalous dbr:Lichenicolous dbr:Laminal dbr:Pyrena dbr:Cordate_(leaf_shape) dbr:Lithophytic dbr:Loculicidal dbr:Longicidal dbr:Ligulate diadelphous dbr:Unilocular dbr:Appressed dbr:Venatious dbr:Glandular_hair carneous dbr:Stipule dbr:Floral_leaves dbr:Flower_head dbr:Free_central dbr:Furcate included nomen illegitimum dbr:Canopy_(biology) dbr:Secondary_metabolite dbr:Lanceolate incurved dbr:Carpel dbr:Hapter dbr:Capillary dbr:Cauliflory dbr:Anastomose dbr:Gynaecium dbr:Gynodioecious dbr:Stipe_(botany) dbr:Woolly dbr:Halonate bivalve dbr:Phyllotaxis dbr:Hafter_(botany) dbr:Half-inferior_ovary dbr:Globose dbr:Archaeophyte dbr:Graft_chimaera dbr:Megaspore dbr:Anthesis dbr:Gemma_(botany) dbr:Corolla_(flower) dbr:Pachycaul dbr:Connivent dbr:Phyllosphere dbr:Conspecific dbr:Contort_(botany) dbr:Cristarque_cell dbr:Crustaceous dbr:Cucullate_(plant) dbr:Microstrobilus dbr:Craspedodromous dbr:Crateriform dbr:Cremnophyte dbr:Clavate dbr:Cleistogamous dbr:Antheridium dbr:Cladode dbr:Herbaceous dbr:Commercial_name dbr:Compression_(botany) dbr:Pyramidal dbr:Cone_(botany) dbr:Receptacle_(botany) dbr:Coma_(botany) dbr:Dichasium dbr:Distal dbr:Deserticolous dbr:Determinate_growth dbr:Dorsal_(location) dbr:Cynaroid dbr:Cultivar_epithet dbr:Cupular dbr:Cupulate dbr:Coalescent dbr:Cupuliform dbr:Mesophyte dbr:Phyllary dbr:Epicarp dbr:Epicormic dbr:Epigynous dbr:Geographic_contiguity dbr:Endocarp dbr:Epicalyx dbr:Exocarp dbr:Epinecral dbr:Helicoid dbr:Ecological_amplitude phyllid dbr:Fistule dbr:Fistulose dbr:F2_hybrid dbr:Fabiform dbr:Exserted dbr:Exstipulate dbr:Extrastaminal dbr:Fiber_cell dbr:Fasciculate dbr:Faucal dbr:Faveolate dbr:Androdioecious dbr:Androgynophore dbr:Anthocarp dbr:Anisotomic pectinate dbr:Tuber dbr:Alien_(biology) dbr:Basifixed dbr:Dorsiventral enantiostyly dbr:Bifusiform dbr:Bilabiate dbr:Bipinnatisect dbr:Endosperm dbr:Aphananthous dbr:Apomorphy dbr:Gland_(botany) dbr:Apetalous dbr:Axile dbr:Axis_of_symmetry dbr:Petal dbr:Subulate dbr:Thyrse dbr:Pollinium dbr:Bulbel dbr:Parthenocarpy dbr:Bulblet dbr:Calycophyll dbr:Grassland dbr:Camptodromous dbr:Decurrent dbr:Bole_(botany) epitepalous dbr:Bitegmic dbr:Blade_(leaf) dbr:Brochidodromous dbr:Kingdom_(biology) dbr:Commissure vernonioid dbr:Castaneous dbr:Vasculum anthemoid
dbp:no
4 2 3 1
dbp:references
yes
dbp:term
strigose husk glandular hair spadix isotomic floret orthotropous lobe drupelet annulus verrucose jugum segment uncinate sporophyte weed guard cell lacerate scandent trophophyll phyllary glumes pyrophyte fimbriate diaspore bulbil acrophyll synaptospermy capitate zygomorphic ruminate pileate subspecies cryptogam diplostemonous infundibular cormel alate rhizosphere tetrad androecium perule gibbous peduncle epinecral uniserial sensitive stolon cespitose coleoptile herb variegated sericeous plumule spica pseudoverticillate cusp anemophilous apomixis photobiont nomen illegitimum mycelium diadelphous scrubland monothecous incised rostrate rhizine perigynous mesocarp mallee cauliflory infraspecific faveolate berry aggregate fruit crenate epicormic idioblast native coalescent gamopetalous hypocrateriform iridescent habitat polyploid chimera triquetrous stem pustulate gymnosperm fertile binomial herbarium sclereid tuberoid campanulate graft chimaera ad- fistulose pistillate flower mucronate margin Klausenfrucht diurnal anatropous paracarpel calyx tube mangrove hippocrepiform root hairs sagittate sterile cotyledon bilabiate raceme gamete epiphyte sensu stricto haploid silique polygamodioecious cleistogamous axil warty splash-cup basipetal caruncle lodicule helicoid free central xylem symphyllous anthemoid samphire prickle community placodioid pulvinate cyathium sheath monograph nucellus lecanorine actinodromous digitate alkaloid holotype division tegmen perennial palmate catenate contorted aerial calycophyll hair tetraspore entomophily petaloid triangular archegoniophore corona column colleter longicidal subtend node haplostemonous foliicolous vasculum shrub spikelet prothallus whorl obconic jugate abaxial carneous apetalous moniliform burl mycotroph gynomonoecious incurved facultative flexuose evergreen replum panicle penninervation heterostyly funnelform awn -eae crisped bivalve chartaceous isidium halonate floral diagram edaphic lithophytic verruculose neophyte spreading lacinia sinuate trullate scape spathe phyllid glutinous ocrea anthocarp syncarpous canopy morphology pileus fabiform caducous mutation burr corneous bi- terminal androgynophore geophilous enantiostyly pectinate galbulus phanerogam sensu uniseriate exotesta coenobium stoma epitepalous chloroplast spathulate pneumatophore commercial name vernonioid poricidal cuspidate bract hastate anemophily synangium ramet saprophyte primary species obovate deserticolous Plant Variety Rights bryophyte abscission monomorphic grassland adelphia acicular allopatric graminoid rhizodermis mesomorphic appendage caudex inferior ovary style cylindrical crateriform cross epicotyl illegitimate name areolate gamophyllous stylodium polystemonous trivial name viviparous sessile kettle trap labellum stem-clasping pustule gynaecium fertilization albumen aphlebia carpellary hermaphrodite tussock sclerenchyma family subgenus pistillode faucal decussate papilla divaricate cambium ancipital apomorphy trichome petricolous ensiform cell superior ovary bilateral rachilla ascidiate sepal venation cladode polygamomonoecious hybrid connate costa operculum caryopsis syconium xeromorph gemma anther symmetrical trifoliolate salverform vesicular semaphyll pith stamen cline decurrent cyathophyll phyllopodium leaf trace actinomorphic palea tomentum perfoliate conspecific cultigen ament calcareous integument rimose petiolary arachnoid sensu lato disc lomentum subquadrangular lichenicolous pollen-mass cilia protogynous glochid theca obcordate lamella bracteole anisomery capitulum fiber monocarpic interpetiolar latrorse gynophore accumbent umbel pinnate indehiscent falcate pulvinus suture tartareous reniform flexuous distal pendulous pachycaul elaiosome parenchyma mesophyte furcate -aceae synonym cristarque cell chlorophyll glabrous plastochron imparipinnate equitant isobifacial bark halophyte floral formula shoot ortet nectar umbo sporocarp globose scabrid pro parte pyrene bulb anthophore species heteromorphic scorpioid crustaceous dioecious muricate infructescence coriaceous canaliculate frond germination pedate gall epigynous senecioid unilocular phenology stipitate centrifixed exotic coenocyte bipinnatisect radical epithet septum chlorosis commissure verruciform numerous pseudostipule naturalised F2 hybrid cupule ligulate andromonoecious section apo- casual alien synanthous ramicaul saprotroph phloem primary vein cymose bristle determinate monophyllous nut adelphous thorn rosette recumbent retuse tepal periclinal appendiculate caudiciform parthenocarpy epicalyx root microspore areole hyper-resupinate gametophore lenticel auricle pruinose nutlet villous cultivar epithet lanceolate aphyllous carpopodium schizocarp tubercle opposite monocotyledon glaucous intrastaminal fissure pinnule fasciculate deciduous distyly calyculus pappus hip mericarp annual endophloic corymb sulcate perfect strobilus terrestrial flora hydrophily epiphloedal urceolate asexual extrastaminal nomen nudum ontogeny connective locule heathland anterior xerophyte sympatric trigonous vestigial stock semelparity staminate flower placenta pubescent cuticle phyllosphere prophyll leaflets bulblet acrostichoid dicotyledon zygote runcinate ellipsoid contiguous calcicole intercalary meristem bifusiform rhomboid homochlamydeous lamina petal endocarp arborescent epipetalous chasmogamous sensu strictissimo coleorhiza ovary pinna protandrous pollination jugary ab- bractlet anisotomic ovoid ebracteate capsule biennial photosynthesis monad nomenclature mycobiont type genus lateral gynodioecious achene adventitious paripinnate marsh -ales incertae sedis crenulate bitegmic gland gene pool serrate concatenate hafter lepidote forma article nectary unciform sporophyll groundcover series procumbent kidney shape pyrophile antherode asymmetrical heterospory scrobiculate dioicous corm deltoid canescent androdioecious generic name root microbiome epicuticular wax stipule ceraceous radicle olim epiphytic taxon seriate plumose introrse silky head climber axile sporangium cupuliform ligule sport crown androphore taxonomy apocarpous sympodial rainforest trinerved punctate oblate fenestrate dentate cynaroid Plant Breeders Rights brochidodromous receptacle rostellate thyrse terete palmatifid pericycle embryo catkin apophyllous indumentum columella aestivation anastomose epicarp microstrobilus archegonium cone gametophyte hypocotyl chiropterophilous Caropodium legume subulate hapter foliole forest polyphyllous pseudanthium virgate inflorescence druse carnose, carnous apex herbaceous lyrate scion tuberculate graft fistule pistil declinate calyptra pentamerous membranous thallose cataphyll -oideae endosperm varietas oval hyaline usu. exserted spine concolorous domatia cartilaginous loculicidal soredium trifid undershrub laciniate scapose phyllode cutting dichasium actino- bullate synoecious anticlinal grass rupicolous elephophily piliform monotypic connivent order cucullate blade caespitose insectivorous tree tetramerous rhomboidal fusiform s.t. petalody enation cauline pellucid epipetric unisexual sensu amplo chasmophyte collenchyma hand-pollination liana vascular bundle podocarpium proteranthous ob- bracteate compressed ovule phycobiont mycorrhiza interjugary glands gynoecium latex acaulescent secondary metabolite incomplete flower adventive peltate phylum mesophyll funicle aquatic plant alternate ventral biternate leaf midrib cochleariform hypogynous epruinose serrulate subglobose half-inferior ovary floccose cultivar spike knee bole key innovation stenospermocarpy fiber cell anthesis calyx recurved hesperidium sclerophyll adaxial flabellate digitiform keel multiple fruit corcle camptodromous mesic genotype indigenous rootstock epidermis uniflor phaneranthous stipe exocarp aril binomial nomenclature rachis episepalous vernation silviculture polygamous clone spore axillary cupular bathyphyll dorsal spur cassideous apiculate hemerochoric syn- antheridiophore triplinerved sanguine punctiform obligate branchlet denticulate monoicous allelopathy resupinate perianth palmatisect hispid emergent apophysis mucro habit convolute aff., anastomosis epecophyte petiole etiolation arctotoid megaspore plicate lemma obsolete succulent harmomegathy follicle vein class vessel staminode obdiplostemonous laminal guttulate androgynous abort lunate carpel aphananthous trunk monochasium kingdom acuminate leaf gap secondary species pinnatifid included distichous papilionate perennating thallus trapeziform endodermis corolla sucker tribe axis woolly hybrid formula ascending exstipulate ericoid seta valvate pollinium cirrhose galea spinescent isomerous conduplicate floral leaves drupe trifoliate verticillate juvenile leaves self-pollination understory stalk puberulous silicula lacuna scarious phylloplane propagule odd-pinnate Casparian strip acropetal bulbel dichotomous syntepalous capillary zonate rugulose reflexed pilose culm disjunct calcarate inserted rhizome testa erose endemic caulirosulate pedicel epilithic sensu auct. unitegmic articulate suborbicular liane specific epithet pollen sinus forb globulose bracteolate haustorium lip angiosperm nomen conservandum accrescent monostromatic inbreeding byssoid adherent taproot alternipetalous ruderal parasite vine fugacious mesophyllous caulescent appressed infrageneric fauces genus cremnophyte midvein glabrescent imbricate cochleate hypothallus involucre stylulus lenticular group pome seed watershoot saxicolous pyramidal gynobasic filiform cypsela apical heteroblastic arboretum cordate dehiscent campylotropous toothed meristem hysteranthous saccate stigma stipella entire aristate cenanthy craspedodromous bipinnate septicidal extrorse columnar siliqua Viridiplantae clavate autogamous spiral pseudo- natural hybrid F1 hybrid basifixed cupulate orbicular lignotuber dorsiventral apiphily castaneous sympetalous hemi-legume antheridium trimerous samara semiterete placentation pulverulent felted phytomelan cyme monoecious noxious alien aculeate retrorse tendril pericarp elliptical indeterminate contort cruciform bloom callose ephemeral petiolule oblong micropyle archaeophyte megastrobilus hypanthium pleiochasium asperulous oft. subshrub foliate coma veinlet polymorphic attenuate proximal emarginate flower jugary gland oblanceolate type fruit ecological amplitude carduoid antrorse tuber monocot acute buttress root leaf scar posterior secretory tissue pinnatisect farinaceous fascicle pandurate penicillate hilum mast adnate endophloeodal diploid population cortex suffrutex
dbo:abstract
Aquest recull de termes botànics proposa d'organitzar la terminologia botànica agrupant-los en un únic lloc per tal de poder fer-hi referència en aquells conceptes que no tinguin article propi. Actualment hi ha prop de 2500 entrades de les quals es dona una breu definició. Els conceptes remarcats amb un asterisc no tenen entrada pròpia i s'enllaça a l'article principal dins el seu context. Els conceptes no enllaçats no tenen, provisionalment, cap article relacionat; per bé que en molts es procura mostrar-ne un exemple gràfic. Cal remarcar que les definicions de molts termes atenen exclusivament les accepcions relacionades amb les ciències botàniques. Hieronder staat een lijst van botanische begrippen. Zie ook voor terminologie: beschrijvende plantkunde - , waar de begrippen in samenhang worden gepresenteerd. Wanneer een in deze lijst genoemd begrip niet apart wordt beschreven dan wordt doorverwezen naar een tekstgedeelte waarin het begrip wordt uitgelegd. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · A * Abaxial : adjectif, dont la direction est opposée à la tige ou à l'axe (= face inférieure). * Aberrant : adjectif, qui diffère de la normale, anormal. * Abortif : adjectif, incomplètement développé. * Abrévié : adjectif, raccourci. * Abruptement : adverbe, de manière brutale, et non graduelle. * Abscise : nom, chute d'un organe. * Absciser : verbe, arracher en coupant. * Abscisse : nom, couche de cellules qui, en se desséchant, amènent la chute des feuilles. * Abscission : nom, processus de décollement amenant la chute des feuilles. * Acanthocarpe : adjectif, fruit hérissé de fortes épines (Datura stramonium). * Acanthoclade : adjectif, qui a les rameaux hérissés de fortes épines (Acacia acanthoclade). * Acanthophore : adjectif, qui est hérissé d'épines ou de gros poils rudes (Fucus acantophorus). * Acanthopode : adjectif, qui a les pétioles très épineux (Zygophyllum acanthopodium). * Acaule ou Acaulescent : adjectif, se dit d'une plante sans tige ou dont la tige est très raccourcie (carline acaule, cirse acaule). * Accommodat : nom, forme non héréditaire que présente une espèce sous l'influence du milieu. Ex. : les formes très contrastées de Persicaria amphibia en milieu terrestre et aquatique. * Accrescent : adjectif, se dit d'un organe floral qui continue à croître après la floraison (style de la benoîte, sépales des fleurs du comaret). * Achlamydé : adjectif, synonyme d"apérianthé, démuni totalement de périanthe. * Aciculaire ou Aciculé : adjectif, se dit d'une feuille linéaire, rigide et pointue. Les aiguilles des conifères sont de feuilles aciculaires ou acicules. * Acicule : nom, petit aiguillon délicat, ordinairement droit, qui recouvre certains organes, ou aiguille des conifères. * Acide : adjectif désignant un sol abondant en silice (granite, grès, sable, schiste). Certaines plantes préfèrent des sols acides, d'autres des sols calcaires. * Acidiphile : adjectif, se dit d'une plante qui pousse de préférence sur un substrat acide. * Acrocarpe : adjectif, se dit d'une mousse dont les sporophytes sont situés au sommet de la tige * Acropète : adjectif, qui progresse de la base vers le sommet, synonyme de basifuge. * Actinomorphe : adjectif, se dit d'une fleur régulière, à symétrie axiale. * Acuminé : adjectif, dont l’extrémité offre une pointe allongée et très aiguë (acumen), en parlant des feuilles, des bractées, des divisions du calice. * Adaxial : adjectif, dont la direction est tournée vers la tige ou vers l'axe (= face supérieure). * Adné : adjectif, qualifie des éléments de nature différente et soudés ensemble. * Adventice : adjectif ou nom désignant une étrangère venue accidentellement et qui ne s'intègre pas à la végétation locale. On désigne parfois aussi par ce terme une plante hémérochore qui s'établit provisoirement dans un biotope où elle n'est pas en mesure de résister à des variations trop fortes du climat. * Adventif : adjectif, qualifie les bourgeons qui apparaissent sur les tiges ou les rhizomes, donnant naissance à des racines. * Aérienne (Racine) : adjectif, racine en partie ou en totalité au-dessus du sol. * Aérifère : adjectif, qui contient de l'air. * Aéropalynologie : étude des pollens en suspension dans l'atmosphère. * Agamospermie : production de graines viables sans intervention de la sexualité (reproduction végétative) * Agochorie : adjectif, diffusion hémérochore par transport involontaire par l'homme, ses animaux domestiques ou ses machines (bateaux notamment). * Aigrette : bouquer de poils situé au sommet de certains fruits. * Aiguille : nom féminin, feuilles particulières des conifères. * Aiguillon : nom masculin, pointe piquante se développant à partir de l'écorce et non du bois : les aiguillons (et non les ) des rosiers et des ronces. * Aile : nom féminin, le mot peut avoir plusieurs sens en botanique. Il désigne d'abord une membrane bordant un organe ou le prolongeant (les chardons ou les gesses ont des tiges ailées). Il désigne aussi les pétales latéraux des fabacées, ou encore les sépales des polygalacées. * Aisselle : nom masculin, intérieur de l'angle aigu formé par une feuille insérée sur la tige. Beaucoup de fleurs poussent à l'aisselle des feuilles. * Akène : fruit sec et indéhiscent ne contenant qu'une graine. Le nom peut aussi s'écrire achaine. * Akénoïde : adjectif, qui ressemble à un akène. * Albumen : nom masculin, tissu de réserve d'une graine. * Allèle : nom ou adjectif, l'une des deux formes que peut prendre un gène sur un chromosome. * Allochorie : dissémination des diaspores par un vecteur quelconque autre que le végétal lui-même. * Allorhize : système racinaire dans lequel la racine principale est dans la continuation de l'axe longitudinal de l'embryon, la radicule poursuivant sa croissance (antonyme : homorhize). * Alterne : adjectif désignant des feuilles disposées de chaque côté de la tige, à des hauteurs différentes. * Alvéole (un ou une) : petite fossette à contour souvent anguleux. * Amas : regroupement de bourgeons épicormiques irrégulièrement juxtaposés. * Amphigastre : nom, petite feuille que l'on retrouve sur la face ventrale de la tige rampante des Jungermanniales. * Amentifère : adjectif, qui porte des chatons. * Amphicarpie : mode de fructification dans lequel une partie des semences est produite dans le sol. * Amplexicaule : adjectif, se dit d'une feuille ou d'une bractée sessile, dont la base souvent élargie ou les oreillettes, embrasse complètement la tige ou le rameau. * Amylifère : adjectif, riche en grains d'amidon. * Amyloplaste : plaste spécialisé dans l'accumulation d'amidon résultant de la photosynthèse. * Anastomose : réunion de nervures (ou de canaux) aboutissant à former un réseau. * Anatrope : adjectif qualifiant un ovule à embryon droit replié sur lui-même. * Androcée : ensemble des étamines (pièces mâles) d'une fleur. * Androdioïque adjectif : qui porte des fleurs hermaphrodites et des fleurs mâles sur des pieds séparés (mais pas de fleurs femelles seules). * Androgynophore : pédoncule d'Angiosperme qui supporte à la fois les étamines et les carpelles, au-dessus du niveau d'insertion du périanthe. Ex. fleurs des Passiflores (Passifloracées). * Anémochorie : dispersion des graines par le vent. * Anémogame : adjectif qualifiant un mode de reproduction des plantes dans lequel le pollen est essentiellement véhiculé par le vent. * Anémophile : synonyme anémogame. * Aneuploïde : cas d'une plante dans laquelle le nombre de chromosomes n'est pas un multiple entier du nombre de chromosomes participant au génome de base. * Angiosperme : plante à graine enfermée dans fruit. * Angle de divergence : angle de passage d'une feuille à l'autre. * Angustisepté : adjectif, se dit d'un fruit à une cloison interne, aplati perpendiculairement à cette cloison. * Anisogamie : se dit quand un gamète est plus gros ou différent. * Anneau : rangée de cellules spécialisées à paroi épaisse, qui assurent l'ouverture du sporange chez beaucoup de fougères. * Annuelle : adjectif désignant une plante qui ne vit qu'une saison. * Antérieur : adjectif, situé du côté opposé à l'axe (synonyme abaxial ou cantral). * Anthère : partie supérieure de l'étamine contenant le pollen. * Anthèle : panicule diffuse à rameaux longs et étalés. * Anthéridie : gamétange dans lequel s'élaborent les gamètes mâles. * Anthérozoïde : gamète mâle mobile, cilié ou flagellé. * Anthèse : synonyme de floraison ou, de façon plus restrictive, ouverture des boutons floraux. * Anthropochorie : dissémination des diaspores par l'homme et ses activités, généralement involontairement. * Anthropophyte : plante commensale de l'homme, propagée de manière involontaire. * Anticline : adjectif qualifiant une division cellulaire qui s'effectue perpendiculairement à la surface du tissu cellulaire. * Antiligule : petit appendice membraneux prolongeant la gaine foliaire et opposé à la ligule chez certaines cypéracées et poacées. * Antipode : cellule (haploïde) du sac embryonnaire. Les antipodes sont situé au point opposé au micropyle. * Antrorse : adjectif qualifiant une orientation d'un organe vers le sommet. * Apérianthe : adjectif, dépourvu de périanthe. * Aperture : zone de moindre résistance à la surface du grain de pollen par où germe le tube pollinique. * Apétale : adjectif : dépourvu de pétale (pour une fleur ou du végétal qui la porte) * Apex : (pointe, sommet) extrémité d'une racine, d'une tige, d'une feuille. * Apical : adjectif, relatif à la pointe (d'une racine, d'une tige). * Aphylle : adjectif, dépourvus de feuilles. * Apiculé : adjectif, muni d'un apicule, c.-à-d. terminé brusquement par une courte pointe relativement large et peu aiguë. * Apomixie : mode de reproduction chez certaines plantes vasculaires caractérisé par l'absence de fécondation. Utilisé surtout pour désigner la formation de graines d'apparence normale, sans fécondation. * Appliqué ou apprimé : adjectif ; se dit d'un appendice, bractée, écaille ou poil notamment, appliqué sur l’organe qui le porte, mais non soudé à celui-ci. * Aptère : adjectif. En opposition à « ailé » : se d'une tige dépourvue d'ailes. * Apyrène : adjectif. Dont les fruits ne contiennent pas de graines. * Aquifère : adjectif, se dit d'un organe gorgé d'eau. * Aranéeux : adjectif. Couvert de poils fins entrecroisés comme des fils de toile d'araignée. * Aquatique : Plante vivant en tout ou en partie dans l'eau. * Arc foliaire: renflement de la tige qui donnera un primordium foliaire. * Archégone : ensemble de cellules haploïdes en forme de bouteille contenant dans sa partie ventrale un gamète femelle (oosphère). * Archéophyte : Hémérochore disséminé avant les temps modernes (1500) ; (opposé : néophyte) * Aréole : nombreuses petites excroissances d'espèces de cactus d'où partent en faisceau les épines, des poils laineux et les fleurs. * Arille : nom masculin désignant un tissu qui entoure la graine, dur ou mou et pouvant être coloré ; il peut correspondre à une excroissance du funicule (= « arille vrai »), à une excroissance du micropyle (= « arillode »), ou à un épaississement du raphé (= « strophiole »). * Aristé : adjectif, terminé par une arête, c'est-à-dire une longue pointe étroite et raide. * Armé : adjectif ,pourvu d'organes défensifs, épines ou aiguillons. * Armille : nom, désigne en mycologie un anneau engainant le pied comme une chaussette. * Article : élément articulé constitutif d'une tige chez certaines comme par exemple Hatiora, Schlumbergera. (voir ). * Articulé : adjectif, formé d'articles, c.-à-d. de parties séparées par des étranglements. Se dit aussi d'un organe pourvu d'une articulation. * Arval : adjectif caractérisant une plante des terres en labour, des champs cultivés. * Ascendant : adjectif, se dit d'un organe, généralement la tige, couché à sa base puis se redressant. * Ascidie : organe creux en forme d'urne ou de cornet. * Asque : cellule contenant généralement huit spores (ou une puissance de deux) obtenues par meïose (chez les champignons Ascomycètes). * Assimilat : substance produite grâce à la photosynthèse. * Assise : couche de cellules. * Asymétrique : adjectif, se dit d'un organe qui ne présente aucun plan de symétrie. * Atélochorie : dissémination des diaspores à proximité immédiate de la plante-mère. * Atténué : adjectif, se dit d'un organe dont la largeur ou l'épaisseur diminue progressivement soit vers la base, soit vers le sommet. * Atrope : adjectif, se dit d'un ovule droit, c’est-à-dire dont le micropyle occupe l’extrémité diamétralement opposée au hile (synonyme : orthotrope). * Aubier : bois périphérique d'un tronc d'arbre. Plus jeune, il contient des vaisseaux fonctionnels. * Auriculé : adjectif, pourvu d'oreillettes. * Autochorie : dispersion des graines par une action mécanique de la plante elle-même. * Autofécondation : fécondation de l'ovule par le pollen du même individu. * Autogame : adjectif, mode de reproduction des plantes dans lequel la fécondation s'effectue sans recours au pollen d'autres individus. * Autotrophie : capacité à produire de la matière organique à partir de matière inorganique telle que le gaz carbonique. Ex. les plantes à chlorophylle, par opposition aux champignons. * Auxèse : croissance d'un organe par allongement sans multiplication cellulaire (mitose). * Auxine : hormone de croissance végétale. * Axile (placentation) : adjectif, se dit lorsque les ovules sont insérés, dans la partie centrale de l'ovaire, le long des charnières des dièdres formés par les cloisons. * Axillaire: placé à l'aisselle d'une feuille ou d'un rameau, en parlant d'un bourgeon, d'une fleur ou d'une inflorescence. Jam antaŭ kelkaj jaroj W. F. Pilger publikigis Provizora privata listo de komunlingvaj nomoj de plantoj el kiu la (REF) deprenis la plejgrandan parton de ĝiaj elementoj. Fakte REF okupiĝis principe pri la sciencecaj nomoj, inter kiuj la latingrekaj sciencnomoj, almenaŭ la genronomoj estas esperantigitaj, ekz. Anthriscus: antrisko; Iris: iriso. Bedaŭrinde unu el la kunlaborantoj de la revizio de 'PIV' ne aprobinte plurajn principojn de tiu laboro taksis la tuton ne valida. Celante eviti polemikon kaj provante esti kiel eble plej komprenita de nefakaj plantamantoj, la laboro glitis al kompilado de la popolaj plantnomoj. Estas rimarkinde, ke la prasciencistoj komencis nomi plantojn laŭ la kutimaj nomoj uzataj de la popolo mem. Ĉar tiuj fakuloj vivis en la greka sfero la nomoj estis enskribitaj en la greka lingvo. Ekz. Agriopyron: agrios = sovaĝa (ne agra!), pyros = tritiko (tute ne agra piro!!), fakte temas pri kviko.Poste, ĉar la grekanoj multe komercis kun la latianoj ambaŭ lingvoj interplektiĝis formante pro tio la grek-latina lingvo kiu estis uzata kaj iom post iom trudiĝis ĉe la juristoj, landestroj, sciencistoj, komercistoj, politikistoj… Finfine, la sciencistoj uzis de la greklatina por nomi plantojn kaj bestojn priskribinte ĉiun specimenon tialingve. Tiele montriĝis tiu rajta kaj deviga regulo. Cele al la vortkonstruo de novaj terminoj, la eŭropaj fakuloj tre ofte deprenis de la popollingvoj el Eŭropo nomojn kutime uzatajn de la tiutempaj loĝantoj kaj senhonte «latinigis» ilin kvankam laŭ la prefero de unu aŭ de alia iniciatis sciencnomon laŭ greklingva formo. Ekz.: folio = gr. phyllum; lat. folium. Kompreneble, tiujn dunomojn konstituitajn de la genra kaj de la specia nomoj multaj nefakuloj ne povas kompreni kaj do memori. Laŭ ni esperantigi sciencan nomon tute ne avantaĝas la kompatindajn plantamantojn tial, ke ili devas unuatempe encerbumi la latinan!Jen unu ekzemplo temanta pri kviko: tiu invadema graminaco terurigante agrokulturistojn pro siaj longe blankaj subter-tigoj (rizomoj) provizitaj, lokon post loko, de nodoj kapablaj produkti radikojn kaj aerajn organojn kaj tiel, vaste multobligas plantidojn. Science, kviko ricevis, epokon post epoko, multajn nomojn: - Agriopyron (tutgreka); Agropyron ( la «i» mankis pro skriberaro); Agropyrum (same kun latina finaĵo); Leymus; Elymus; Rogneria; Roegneria; Elytrigia… kaj multe da aliaj! La eblecoj esperantigi tiun plantonomon multe ampleksas: agriopirono, agropirono, agropiro, leimo, elimo, rognerio, regnerio, elitrigio… Plie oni devas scii pri la valida nomo akceptita dum la lasta kongreso por la Internacia Kodo de Botanika Nomenklaturo. Tio jam delonge iĝis kaprompilo. Konklude, simile al W. F. Pilger, oni povus proponi plantnomaron kies specioj estas principe nomitaj per traduko de iu aŭ pluraj popollingvoj. Kiam la originala nomo perdiĝis, jam pro kutimo, esperantistoj transskribis ĝin el la greklatina. Ekz.: Equisetum tradukiĝis al ĉevalvosto.Epilobium transskribiĝis al epilobio This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names. Det här är en lista över ord som är vanligt förekommande inom botaniken. Denna lista ska förklara de vanligaste begreppen som används då växters utseende, förökning, växtplats och växtsätt beskrivs. En del ord förklaras i mer djupgående artiklar, medan andra förklaras i sin helhet här. Om något ord saknas så går det bra att ta upp det på diskussionssidan, eller helt enkelt lägga till det här. Denna artikel är dock under avveckling och planeras bli ersatt med fullständiga artiklar på alla ämnen. Bidra gärna! Innehåll: 0 0 Glossário da morfologia vegetal, ou terminologia descritiva das plantas, é a designação dada ao conjunto de termos utilizados por botânicos, taxonomistas e outros biólogos na descrição técnica da morfologia vegetal. Esta terminologia foi desenvolvida ao longo dos séculos criando um vocabulário específico, maioritariamente com etimologia neolatina e neo-helénica, que inclui um elevado número de termos especificamente criados para descrever os órgãos das plantas e as suas partes que podem ser observados com o olho humano usando não mais do que uma lupa de mão. Estes termos são utilizados para identificar e classificar as plantas.
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The stalk of a . covered in . a single when the carpels are free. an enumeration of them, generally with a guide to their identification . In this case 'flora' is written with a capital F. A plant with a fleshy habit. of a pollen grain; production of a pollen tube when contacting a stigma receptive to it. a cup enclosing the stigma in Goodeniaceae. A plant suitable for grafting; loosely, a , , or branch. Dense vegetation that covers the ground. Any very narrow, thread-like structure that is one or a few cells thick. In statistics, the whole group of items or individuals under investigation. A leaf has that radiate from a central point . In lichenology, referring to either having or being a fruiting body that lies flat on the substrate, with the hymenium either over the whole surface or at the periphery. A small bladder; a bladder-like sac from the ovary wall, thin pericarp, becomes more or less bladdery or inflated at maturity enclosing an or fruit. each of the branches of an . An extended, strap-like in some daisy florets. A kind of sac formed by the adherent bases of the two lateral in certain orchids. recording a trademark with a trade marks office. A fiber cell. The tissues between the upper and lower epidermis. They vary in function, but usually include the photosynthetic tissue of a . recording a new cultivar name with a statutory authority like the Plant Breeder’s Rights Office. In orchids, fleshy outgrowths from the which can be variously shaped from to plates. Describing the occurrence of something on the same radius as something else, e.g. opposite . Compare . A cavity of an or . All individuals of one or more species within a prescribed area. a crop species in the family Fabaceae. of a spore of fungi/bacterium; change of state – from resting to vegetative. A , the fruit of a leguminous plant, a dry fruit of a single , splitting along two . In a lichen, the typically undifferentiated tissue underneath the cortex of the thallus, or between the upper and lower if both are present. The medulla is analogous to the tissues underneath the epidermis of a leaf. The uppermost region commonly contains most of the photobionts. lens-shaped. In some Asteraceae, a circle of bracts below the . One of the two lateral petals of a flower of subfamily Faboideae of family Fabaceae, located between the standard petal and the two keel petals. a fruit characteristic of the family Fabaceae, formed from one carpel and either along both sides, or . a short shoot. Like a trapezium . A minute appendage near the base of a , e.g. in Selaginella. all the plants growing in a certain region or country. plants selected to produce a root system with some specific attribute, e.g. a virus-free rootstock. Genus Carpopodium in the family Brassicaceae; not to be confused with the axis of a grass , above the ; see spikelet In Camellias the final and sepals become indistinguishable and are called perules. In mosses, the leaves surrounding the antheridia, also called a , e.g. in Polytrichum juniperinum. Occurring between something else, e.g. alternating with . A small membranous appendage on the top of the of grass leaves. A term applied to describe a plant that covers the soil surface so densely that it smothers all beneath it. A membranous expansion of a fruit or seed which aids in dispersal, for instance on pine seeds. A flattened epidermal outgrowth, such as those commonly found on the leaves and rhizomes of ferns. A type of vernation of two leaves at a , in which one half of each leaf is exposed and the other half is wrapped inside the other leaf. of seeds, describing the complex sequence of physiological and structural changes that occur from resting to growth stage. Such a stem or runner. Lacking surface ornamentation such as hairs, scales or bristles; smooth. A cup-shaped structure formed from resembling an outer . In ecology, the blade of a leaf or that has a surface area 4500–18225 mm2; a plant, or vegetation, that has mesophyll leaves. A naturalised, exotic, or ecologically "out-of-balance" indigenous species outside of the agricultural or garden context, which, as a result of invasion, adversely affects the survival or regeneration of indigenous species in natural or partly natural vegetation communities. In sedges, a fruit in which the fruit is loosely encloses from a modified tubular bract, see . In botany, describing leaves or flowers that are in an inverted position because the petiole or pedicel, respectively, is twisted 180 degrees. compare: . the rachis of higher order in leaves that are compound more than once In Melaleuca, the united portion of a bundle. A thin flange of tissue extending beyond the normal outline of a structure, e.g. on the column of some orchids, on stems, on petioles. a plant of the family Fabaceae. A reduced or rudimentary leaf, for example around a dormant bud. bearing a . The artificial union of plant parts. Chaffy scales on the of many ferns. . See also medullary rays in wood. A narrow, stalk-like, portion of a , , or . The development of plantlets on non-floral organs, e.g. leaves. as an invalid name derived from horticultural writings of confused authorship. Any flexible, strong, stringy, and very elongate structure. Borne singly at different levels along a , including spiralled parts. Contrast . zygomorphic in a flowerhead, that is, ray-florets/flowers, for example Asteraceae. A and , the fruit of Brassicaceae, a dry fruit composed of two separated by a partition. In grasses, a hardened extension from the base of a which may or may not elongate and is often covered in hairs or bristles. a membrane covering the of some ferns. Referring to seeds or fruits which germinate before being shed from the parent plant. Chaffy scales on the receptacles of many Asteraceae. leaf with veins radiating out from a central point , resembling spread out fingers pointing away from the palm. The inflorescence disk of members of the Asteraceae. A type of in which one leaf is rolled up inside another. Any plant growing where it is not wanted; commonly associated with disrupted habitats. See also . a group of carpels when the carpels are united by the fusion of their walls. In lichenology, having no . The basic, microscopic unit of plant structure, generally consisting of compartments in a viscous fluid surrounded by a . the act of recording a new cultivar name with an International Cultivar Registration Authority. A group of organisms of one species, occupying a defined area and usually isolated to some degree from other similar groups. Juicy or fleshy. Describing leaves or flowers borne at the same level but on directly opposite sides of their common . Undifferentiated tissue growth formed in response to wounding; may be grown in vitro. strap-shaped. Like a trapezoid ; sometimes used erroneously as a synonym for . plants by means of trailing or twining stems or . A , as used by Carl Linnaeus. A member of the genus Vitis. An unwanted plant which grows among agricultural . a conical or tubular outgrowth from the base of a segment, often containing nectar.
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