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The relationship between Buddhism and science is a subject of contemporary discussion and debate among Buddhists, scientists and scholars of Buddhism. Historically, Buddhism encompasses many types of beliefs, traditions and practices, so it is difficult to assert any single "Buddhism" in relation to science. Similarly, the issue of what "science" refers to remains a subject of debate, and there is no single view on this issue. Those who compare science with Buddhism may use "science" to refer to "a method of sober and rational investigation" or may refer to specific scientific theories, methods or technologies.

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  • The relationship between Buddhism and science is a subject of contemporary discussion and debate among Buddhists, scientists and scholars of Buddhism. Historically, Buddhism encompasses many types of beliefs, traditions and practices, so it is difficult to assert any single "Buddhism" in relation to science. Similarly, the issue of what "science" refers to remains a subject of debate, and there is no single view on this issue. Those who compare science with Buddhism may use "science" to refer to "a method of sober and rational investigation" or may refer to specific scientific theories, methods or technologies. There are many examples throughout the Buddhist world of non-scientific worldviews, such as dogmatism, fundamentalism, clericalism, devotion to supernatural spirits and deities. Nevertheless, since the 19th century, numerous modern figures have argued that Buddhism is rational and uniquely compatible with science. Some have even argued that Buddhism is "scientific" (a kind of "science of the mind" or an "inner science"). Those who argue that Buddhism is aligned with science point out certain commonalities between the scientific method and Buddhist thought. The 14th Dalai Lama, for example, in a speech to the Society for Neuroscience, listed a "suspicion of absolutes" and a reliance on causality and empiricism as common philosophical principles shared by Buddhism and science. Buddhists also point to various statements in the Buddhist scriptures that promote rational and empirical investigation and invite people to put the teachings of the Buddha to the test before accepting them. Furthermore, Buddhist doctrines such as impermanence and emptiness have been compared to the scientific understanding of the natural world. However, some scholars have criticized the idea that Buddhism is uniquely rational and science friendly, seeing these ideas as a minor element of traditional Buddhism. Scholars like Donald Lopez Jr. have also argued that this narrative of Buddhism as rationalistic developed recently, as a part of a Buddhist modernism that arose from the encounter between Buddhism and western thought. Furthermore, while some have compared Buddhist ideas to modern theories of evolution, quantum theory, and cosmology, other figures such as the 14th Dalai Lama have also highlighted the methodological and metaphysical differences between these traditions. For the Dalai Lama, Buddhism mainly focuses on studying consciousness from the first-person or phenomenological perspective, while science focuses on studying the objective world. (en)
  • Budismo y ciencia hace alusión a la exploración de las conexiones potenciales entre ambas disciplinas. (es)
  • Agama Buddha dan ilmu pengetahuan telah semakin diperbincangkan sebagai dua hal yang serasi, dan agama Buddha telah memasuki dialog ilmu pengetahuan dan agama. Hal tersebut didorong bahwa ajaran-ajaran filosofis dan psikologis dalam agama Buddha berbagi kesamaan dengan pemikiran ilmiah dan filosofis modern. Misalnya, agama Buddha mendorong penyelidikan terhadap esensi yang netral (suatu tindakan yang disebut sebagai dalam Kanon Pāli), objek utama penelitian adalah . Pada tahun 1993 sebuah model yang disimpulkan dari teori perkembangan kognitif Jean Piaget diterbitkan berpendapat bahwa Buddhisme merupakan suatu cara berpikir keempat di luar kekuatan gaib, ilmu pengetahuan, dan agama. Agama Buddha telah digambarkan oleh beberapa kalangan sebagai rasional dan nondogmatis, dan terdapat bukti bahwa ini merupakan argumen dari periode paling awal dalam sejarahnya, meskipun beberapa kalangan mengemukakan aspek ini diberi penekanan yang lebih besar di zaman modern dan sebagian merupakan penafsiran ulang. Tidak semua bentuk agama Buddha menghindari dogma, tetap netral pada subjek supranatural, atau terbuka untuk penyingkapan-penyingkapan ilmiah. Agama Buddha merupakan sebuah tradisi dan aspek-aspek yang bervariasi mencakup fundamentalisme, tradisi kebaktian, dan permohonan kepada spirit lokal. Namun demikian, beberapa kesamaan telah disebutkan antara penyelidikan ilmiah dan pemikiran Buddhis. Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-14, dalam pidatonya pada pertemuan , mencantumkan "kecurigaan " dan ketergantungan pada kausalitas dan empirisme sebagai prinsip filosofis umum yang dimiliki bersama antara agama Buddha dan ilmu pengetahuan. (in)
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  • Budismo y ciencia hace alusión a la exploración de las conexiones potenciales entre ambas disciplinas. (es)
  • The relationship between Buddhism and science is a subject of contemporary discussion and debate among Buddhists, scientists and scholars of Buddhism. Historically, Buddhism encompasses many types of beliefs, traditions and practices, so it is difficult to assert any single "Buddhism" in relation to science. Similarly, the issue of what "science" refers to remains a subject of debate, and there is no single view on this issue. Those who compare science with Buddhism may use "science" to refer to "a method of sober and rational investigation" or may refer to specific scientific theories, methods or technologies. (en)
  • Agama Buddha dan ilmu pengetahuan telah semakin diperbincangkan sebagai dua hal yang serasi, dan agama Buddha telah memasuki dialog ilmu pengetahuan dan agama. Hal tersebut didorong bahwa ajaran-ajaran filosofis dan psikologis dalam agama Buddha berbagi kesamaan dengan pemikiran ilmiah dan filosofis modern. Misalnya, agama Buddha mendorong penyelidikan terhadap esensi yang netral (suatu tindakan yang disebut sebagai dalam Kanon Pāli), objek utama penelitian adalah . Pada tahun 1993 sebuah model yang disimpulkan dari teori perkembangan kognitif Jean Piaget diterbitkan berpendapat bahwa Buddhisme merupakan suatu cara berpikir keempat di luar kekuatan gaib, ilmu pengetahuan, dan agama. (in)
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  • Buddhism and science (en)
  • Buddhismus a věda (cs)
  • Budismo y ciencia (es)
  • Buddhisme dan ilmu pengetahuan (in)
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