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In algebraic geometry, a projective variety over an algebraically closed field k is a subset of some projective n-space over k that is the zero-locus of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials of n + 1 variables with coefficients in k, that generate a prime ideal, the defining ideal of the variety. Equivalently, an algebraic variety is projective if it can be embedded as a Zariski closed subvariety of . If X is a projective variety defined by a homogeneous prime ideal I, then the quotient ring

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  • In der klassischen algebraischen Geometrie, einem Teilgebiet der Mathematik, ist eine projektive Varietät ein geometrisches Objekt, das durch homogene Polynome beschrieben werden kann. (de)
  • En géométrie algébrique, les variétés projectives forment une classe importante de variétés. Elles vérifient des propriétés de compacité et des propriétés de finitude. C'est l'objet central de la géométrie algébrique globale. Sur un corps algébriquement clos, les points d'une variété projective sont les points d'un ensemble algébrique projectif. (fr)
  • In algebraic geometry, a projective variety over an algebraically closed field k is a subset of some projective n-space over k that is the zero-locus of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials of n + 1 variables with coefficients in k, that generate a prime ideal, the defining ideal of the variety. Equivalently, an algebraic variety is projective if it can be embedded as a Zariski closed subvariety of . A projective variety is a projective curve if its dimension is one; it is a projective surface if its dimension is two; it is a projective hypersurface if its dimension is one less than the dimension of the containing projective space; in this case it is the set of zeros of a single homogeneous polynomial. If X is a projective variety defined by a homogeneous prime ideal I, then the quotient ring is called the homogeneous coordinate ring of X. Basic invariants of X such as the degree and the dimension can be read off the Hilbert polynomial of this graded ring. Projective varieties arise in many ways. They are complete, which roughly can be expressed by saying that there are no points "missing". The converse is not true in general, but Chow's lemma describes the close relation of these two notions. Showing that a variety is projective is done by studying line bundles or divisors on X. A salient feature of projective varieties are the finiteness constraints on sheaf cohomology. For smooth projective varieties, Serre duality can be viewed as an analog of Poincaré duality. It also leads to the Riemann–Roch theorem for projective curves, i.e., projective varieties of dimension 1. The theory of projective curves is particularly rich, including a classification by the genus of the curve. The classification program for higher-dimensional projective varieties naturally leads to the construction of moduli of projective varieties. Hilbert schemes parametrize closed subschemes of with prescribed Hilbert polynomial. Hilbert schemes, of which Grassmannians are special cases, are also projective schemes in their own right. Geometric invariant theory offers another approach. The classical approaches include the Teichmüller space and Chow varieties. A particularly rich theory, reaching back to the classics, is available for complex projective varieties, i.e., when the polynomials defining X have complex coefficients. Broadly, the GAGA principle says that the geometry of projective complex analytic spaces (or manifolds) is equivalent to the geometry of projective complex varieties. For example, the theory of holomorphic vector bundles (more generally coherent analytic sheaves) on X coincide with that of algebraic vector bundles. Chow's theorem says that a subset of projective space is the zero-locus of a family of holomorphic functions if and only if it is the zero-locus of homogeneous polynomials. The combination of analytic and algebraic methods for complex projective varieties lead to areas such as Hodge theory. (en)
  • Una varietà proiettiva è l'insieme dei punti di uno spazio proiettivo -dimensionale (dove è un campo) che annullano simultaneamente una data famiglia di polinomi omogenei di , ossia Sebbene tale assunzione non sia universalmente accettata, nella letteratura matematica recente si suppone, nella definizione di varietà proiettiva, che essa sia nella topologia di Zariski. Senza tale richiesta si parla invece di insieme algebrico proiettivo. (it)
  • 代数幾何学において,代数閉体 k 上の射影多様体(しゃえいたようたい,英: projective variety)とは,k 上の(n 次元)射影空間 Pn の部分集合であって,素イデアルを生成する k 係数 n + 1 変数斉次多項式の有限族の零点集合として書けるものをいう.そのようなイデアルは多様体の定義イデアルと呼ばれる.あるいは同じことだが,代数多様体が射影的であるとは,Pn のザリスキ閉として埋め込めるときにいう. 1次元の射影多様体は射影曲線と呼ばれ,2次元だと射影曲面,余次元 1 だと射影超曲面と呼ばれる.射影超曲面は単独の斉次式の零点集合である. 射影多様体 X が斉次素イデアル I によって定義されているとき,商環 は X の斉次座標環と呼ばれる.やのような基本的な不変量は,この次数環のヒルベルト多項式から読み取ることができる. 射影多様体は多くの方法で生じる.それらはであり,荒っぽく言えば「抜けている」点がない.逆は一般には正しくないが,はこの2つの概念の近い関係を記述する.多様体が射影的であることは直線束や因子を調べることによって示される. 射影多様体の顕著な性質の1つは,層コホモロジーの有限性である.滑らかな射影多様体に対して,セール双対性はポワンカレ双対性の類似と見なせる.それはまた射影曲線,すなわち 1 の射影多様体に対するリーマン・ロッホの定理を導く.射影曲線の理論は特に豊かで,曲線のによる分類を含む.高次元の射影多様体の分類問題は自然に射影多様体のモジュライの構成を導く.ヒルベルトスキームは所定のヒルベルト多項式をもつ Pn の閉部分スキームをパラメトライズする.ヒルベルトスキームは,は特別な場合であるが,それ自身射影スキームでもある.幾何学的不変式論は別のアプローチを提供する.古典的なアプローチはやを含む. 古典にさかのぼる特に豊かな理論が,複素射影多様体,すなわち X を定義する多項式が複素係数を持つ場合にある.大まかには,GAGA の原理により,射影複素解析空間(あるいは多様体)の幾何学は射影複素多様体の幾何学と等しい.例えば,X 上の正則ベクトル束(より一般に連接解析的層)の理論は,代数的ベクトル束の理論と一致する.Chow の定理により,射影空間の部分集合が正則関数の族の零点集合であることと斉次多項式の零点集合であることは同値である.複素射影多様体に対する解析的な手法と代数的な手法の組合せはホッジ理論のような分野に通じる. (ja)
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  • In der klassischen algebraischen Geometrie, einem Teilgebiet der Mathematik, ist eine projektive Varietät ein geometrisches Objekt, das durch homogene Polynome beschrieben werden kann. (de)
  • En géométrie algébrique, les variétés projectives forment une classe importante de variétés. Elles vérifient des propriétés de compacité et des propriétés de finitude. C'est l'objet central de la géométrie algébrique globale. Sur un corps algébriquement clos, les points d'une variété projective sont les points d'un ensemble algébrique projectif. (fr)
  • Una varietà proiettiva è l'insieme dei punti di uno spazio proiettivo -dimensionale (dove è un campo) che annullano simultaneamente una data famiglia di polinomi omogenei di , ossia Sebbene tale assunzione non sia universalmente accettata, nella letteratura matematica recente si suppone, nella definizione di varietà proiettiva, che essa sia nella topologia di Zariski. Senza tale richiesta si parla invece di insieme algebrico proiettivo. (it)
  • In algebraic geometry, a projective variety over an algebraically closed field k is a subset of some projective n-space over k that is the zero-locus of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials of n + 1 variables with coefficients in k, that generate a prime ideal, the defining ideal of the variety. Equivalently, an algebraic variety is projective if it can be embedded as a Zariski closed subvariety of . If X is a projective variety defined by a homogeneous prime ideal I, then the quotient ring (en)
  • 代数幾何学において,代数閉体 k 上の射影多様体(しゃえいたようたい,英: projective variety)とは,k 上の(n 次元)射影空間 Pn の部分集合であって,素イデアルを生成する k 係数 n + 1 変数斉次多項式の有限族の零点集合として書けるものをいう.そのようなイデアルは多様体の定義イデアルと呼ばれる.あるいは同じことだが,代数多様体が射影的であるとは,Pn のザリスキ閉として埋め込めるときにいう. 1次元の射影多様体は射影曲線と呼ばれ,2次元だと射影曲面,余次元 1 だと射影超曲面と呼ばれる.射影超曲面は単独の斉次式の零点集合である. 射影多様体 X が斉次素イデアル I によって定義されているとき,商環 は X の斉次座標環と呼ばれる.やのような基本的な不変量は,この次数環のヒルベルト多項式から読み取ることができる. 射影多様体は多くの方法で生じる.それらはであり,荒っぽく言えば「抜けている」点がない.逆は一般には正しくないが,はこの2つの概念の近い関係を記述する.多様体が射影的であることは直線束や因子を調べることによって示される. (ja)
rdfs:label
  • Projektive Varietät (de)
  • Varietà proiettiva (it)
  • Variété projective (fr)
  • 射影多様体 (ja)
  • Projective variety (en)
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