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- The China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA) is a bilateral treaty between Australia and China that aims to protect migratory birds and their environment between the two countries. Throughout all six Articles, the treaty defines what a migratory bird is, outlines key prohibitions for both contracting parties and determines the responsibilities of both nations to protect migratory birds and their habitats. The CAMBA was first developed on 20 October, 1986, and came into force on 1 September, 1988. Eighty-one bird species are listed in the agreement, as shown in the CAMBA Annex listed below. The CAMBA was developed to provide more legal protection for migratory birds, especially those that are critically endangered or are at threat of extinction. Both China and Australia have agreed to encourage the creation of programs to support the protection of bird species, to share any information like research on these birds and to ensure conservation such as by preventing the importation of hazardous plants and animals. Australia has been involved with other migratory bird agreements such as the Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA) and the Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA), and also with management plans that aim to combat key threats such as climate change and water extraction which have proven to harm bird species. There are also issues associated with migratory bird protection which limits the effectiveness of protecting these species, including the lack of specificity in agreements and difficulties in implementing conservatory measures at a domestic level. (en)
- 中澳保護候鳥及其棲息環境的協定，全称为中华人民共和国和澳大利亚政府保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定，由中國與澳洲簽訂，目的是盡力減少對兩國間候鳥所到之主要地區的傷害。位於澳洲悉尼南部Towra Point自然保護區是候鳥所到的地區，也是協議的重點。根據協議，簽約國須禁止捕捉候鳥及其鳥蛋，但在該國法例容許下則例外：譬如為了科學及教育、保障人身財產安全、為維持每年生育數量而容許的狩獵等。該協議在1986年10月20日展開，1988年9月1日實行。 (zh)
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- Contracting Parties (en)
- Other Migratory Bird Agreements (en)
- Other Migratory Bird Instruments (en)
- Threats on Migratory Birds (en)
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- * Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
* Republic of Korea–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
* Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
* Migratory Bird Treaty
* Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (en)
- * Australia
* China (en)
- * Climate Change
* Overgrazing
* Afforestation
* Fires
* Eutrophication (en)
- * Ramsar Convention
* Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (en)
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- China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (en)
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- "For a species to have long-term population viability it needs to have the needs of all parts of its life history met. Species like Red Knots and Dunlin that concentrate in large numbers in a single area are especially vulnerable. Loss of a stopover area could mean the destruction of a whole flyway population of shorebirds. For example, the 30,000 Red Knots feeding on horseshoe crab eggs in Mispillion Harbor, Delaware Bay are highly vulnerable to human alteration of this resource, or even a catastrophic storm. The better knowledge we have on shorebird migratory patterns and needs, the more focused conservation efforts can be." (en)
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- Interview response by Sarah Lehnon, published by Mongabay News (en)
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- China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (en)
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- 中澳保護候鳥及其棲息環境的協定，全称为中华人民共和国和澳大利亚政府保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定，由中國與澳洲簽訂，目的是盡力減少對兩國間候鳥所到之主要地區的傷害。位於澳洲悉尼南部Towra Point自然保護區是候鳥所到的地區，也是協議的重點。根據協議，簽約國須禁止捕捉候鳥及其鳥蛋，但在該國法例容許下則例外：譬如為了科學及教育、保障人身財產安全、為維持每年生育數量而容許的狩獵等。該協議在1986年10月20日展開，1988年9月1日實行。 (zh)
- The China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA) is a bilateral treaty between Australia and China that aims to protect migratory birds and their environment between the two countries. Throughout all six Articles, the treaty defines what a migratory bird is, outlines key prohibitions for both contracting parties and determines the responsibilities of both nations to protect migratory birds and their habitats. The CAMBA was first developed on 20 October, 1986, and came into force on 1 September, 1988. Eighty-one bird species are listed in the agreement, as shown in the CAMBA Annex listed below. (en)
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- China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (en)
- 中澳保護候鳥及其棲息環境的協定 (zh)
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