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- Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. An ambitious, energetic leader who was active in many fields and lived in a time of great upheaval between the Medieval and Early Modern worlds, Maximilian's reputation in historiography is many-sided, often contradictory: the last knight or the first modern foot soldier and "first cannoneer of his nation"; the first Renaissance prince (understood either as a Machiavellian politician or omnicompetent, universal genius) or a dilettante; a far-sighted state builder and reformer, or an unrealistic schemer whose posthumous successes were based on luck, or a clear-headed, prudent statesman. While Austrian researchers often emphasize his role as the founder of the early modern supremacy of the House of Habsburg or founder of the nation, debates on Maximilian's political activities in Germany as well as international scholarship on his reign as Holy Roman Emperor often centre on the Imperial Reform. In the Burgundian Low Countries (and the modern Netherlands and Belgium), in scholarly circles as well as popular imagination, his depictions vary as well: a foreign tyrant who imposed wars, taxes, high-handed methods of ruling and suspicious personal agenda, and then "abandoned" the Low Countries after gaining the imperial throne, or a saviour and builder of the early modern state. Jelle Haemers calls the relationship between the Low Countries and Maximilian "a troubled marriage". In his lifetime, as the first ruler who exploited the propaganda potential of the printing press, he attempted to control his own depictions, although various projects (called Gedechtnus) that he commissioned (and authored in part by him in some cases) were only finished after his death. Various authors refer to the emperor's image-building programs as "unprecedented". Historian Thomas Brady Jr. remarks that Maximilian's humanists, artists, and printers "created for him a virtual royal self of hitherto unimagined quality and intensity. They half-captured and half-invented a rich past, which progressed from ancient Rome through the line of Charlemagne to the glory of the house of Habsburg and culminated in Maximilian's own high presidency of the Christian brotherhood of warrior-kings." Additionally, as his legends have many spontaneous sources, the Gedechtnus projects themselves are just one of the many tributaries of the early modern Maximiliana stream. Today, according to Elaine C.Tennant, it is impossible to determine the degree modern attention and reception to Maximilian (what Tennant dubs "the Maximilian industry") are influenced by the self-advertising program the emperor set in motion 500 years ago. According to historian Thomas Martin Lindsay, the scholars and artists in service of the emperor could not expect much financial rewards or prestigious offices, but just like the peasantry, they genuinely loved the emperor for his romanticism, amazing intellectual versatility and other qualities. Thus, he "lives in the folk-song of Germany like no other ruler does." Maximilian Krüger remarks that, although the most known of all Habsburgs, and a ruler so markedly different from all who came before him and his contemporaries, Maximilian's reputation is fading outside of the scientific ivory tower, due to general problems within German education and a culture self-defined as post-heroic and post-national. (en)
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- Original design (en)
- Maximilian I on an armored horse, ca. 1575, from Eine Reihe von in Farben zum Theil schön ausgeführten Bildern, Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel. (en)
- Hungarian shield of Maximilian, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna (en)
- Medal usually thought to have been struck to commemorate the marriage between Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Austria.. (en)
- Maximilian praying to Saint Sebastian with three falcons in the background, Maximilian's Old Prayers Book, 1486 (en)
- Doppelguldiner, issued in Antwerp, Burgundian Netherlands, in 1517; dies cut in Hall, Austria in 1509. The image shows Maximilian riding a fully armoured horse. The crupper shows a central knob and devices that Maximilian adopted after his first marriage like the Burgundian cross, a repeated inscription shows the motto of the Order of Temperance . Both the armour Maximilian wore and the equine armour were likely based on real armours possessed by Maximilian, with the bard most likely from Lorenz Helmschmied, but both do not survive. (en)
- Horned helmet, part of an extremely luxurious pleated skirt armour that was crafted first by Seusenhofer and then sent to Augsburg to be plated with gold and silver. The face is possibly a caricature of Maximilian himself. This was a gift to Henry VIII. (en)
- Close sallet of Maximilian. The notable feature is that the helmet and the bevor are joined together. Lorenz Helmschmied, 1495. (en)
- The so-called Burgundian bard , now in the Royal Armouries. Originally made for either Maximilian himself or Philip the Handsome, then presented to Henry VIII. The bard consists of a shaffron, a crinet, a peytral, a crupper, flanchards, reins and saddle steels. The embossing and etchings show "the firesteels and raguly crosses of the Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece, and pomegranates, the badge of the House of Aragon, and Maximilian's personal emblem. The entire surface was silvered and at least partly gilded". The armourer was the Netherlander Guillem Margot and the artist responsible for the etching and gilding was his compatriot Paul van Vrelant, who later moved into Henry VIII's service. (en)
- Maximilian entering the newly reconquered Luxembourg, 1480. The bard is by Lorenz Helmschmied. (en)
- Hungarian shield of Maximilian , ©KHM-Museumsverband (en)
- Cuirass of Maximilian. Lorenz Helmschmied, 1485. (en)
- Detail of the Madrid bard (en)
- Drawing of the bard depicting the stories of Hercules and Samson, c. 1517–1518 . Thun-Hohenstein album. (en)
- Revised design (en)
- Round shield of Maximilian, anonymous artist. (en)
- The ceremonial sword of Emperor Maximilian I (en)
- Racing armour. The racing helmet has reinforcing forehead plates; the massive, specialized shield , which is bolted to the breastplate and bevor, and the lance's semicircular shield create a combination that protects the uncovered hands and arms. (en)
- Part of Der Bayrisch krieg , that shows the Siege of Kufstein, Jörg Kölderer. (en)
- Maximilian I visits Konrad Seusenhofer's workshop, "Weisskunig" (en)
- The , the oldest children's festival in Bavaria, which is organized yearly in Kaufbeuren and traces its origin to Maximilian, will return this year after two years of suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic. (en)
- Hungarian nobles carrying Hungarian shields in the Triumphal Procession (en)
- Maximilian firing the cannon Purlepaus himself in the Battle of Kufstein . Illustration from Illustrirte Geschichte der K. K. Armee, Vol.1 , edited by Gilbert Anger. (en)
- Albrecht May, Master-of-Arms, entering Namur, riding a horse wearing Maximilian I's bard in 1480. The bard was crafted by Lorenz Helmschmied. The female figure is likely Mary of Burgundy herself. (en)
- Gothic armour of Maximilian. Lorenz Helmschmied, 1493. (en)
- The Maximilian Ritterspiele in Horb am Neckar, one of the largest Medieval shows in Europe, will also return with a play about the 1498 deposition of Eberhard im Bard by Maxmilian. (en)
- Gothic-style plate armor used in the triumphal entry in Luxembourg , also likely wore by Maximilian at Guinegate (1479), according to Pierre Terjanian (en)
- Armour, likely a gift from Maximilian to Matthäus Lang (en)
- Racing armour of Maximilian. Lorenz Helmschmied, 1500. (en)
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- Coloured drawings on vellum by Jörg Breu the Younger, depicting Maximilian I and Charles V with their mottos . The falcate wheel, wỉth the globus cruciger on top and the pomegranate at the bottom, is Maximilian's most famous device. Museum number:1876,0708.2634-2635. (en)
- Konrad Seusenhofer was the leading representative of ‘’Innsbrucker Plattnerkunst’’. (en)
- Contemporary sketches portraying Maximilian's last banquet and the Mass of Peace in Bruges, 1488. (en)
- Part of the eight-block Large Triumphal Carriage: Dürer's 1518 drawing showed the emperor with his family, but the painter and Willibald Pirckheimer, in a "freelance" effort, decided to show Maximilian alone with the Virtues. The text accompanying the woodcut describes the ruler, as Sol Invictus, a new Alexander and also the sun of imperial virtues, heralding a new era for the nation. The depiction ceased to be glorification of Maximilian's genealogy or even Maximilian as an individual and became glorification of the imperial office and image of the perfect prince instead. (en)
- Maximilian as one of the counts of Holland . The version made during Charles V's reign adds Charles the Bold. By Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen. (en)
- Hans Burgkmair's double chiascuro woodcuts, featuring Saint Georgle and Emperor Maximilian I, 1508. (en)
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- Siegert Maximilian Durer.jpg (en)
- St. Margaret at St. Stephen's Cathedral .jpg (en)
- Unknown-Augsburg-Artist-after-Artist-A-Maximilian-riding-the-armored-horse-circa-1575.jpg (en)
- Anonymous-painter-Albrecht-May-Riding-the-Ar-mored-Horse-in-September-1480-circa.jpg (en)
- Maximilian I. den Purlepaus abfeuernd Seite 183 PA185 201-1.jpg (en)
- Round shield Maximilian Lorenz Helmschmied HJRK A 163 01.jpg (en)
- Anonymous-painter-Maximilian-entering-Luxem-bourg-in-September-1480-circa-1490-1510.jpg (en)
- Karel de Stoute, Maria van Bourgondië, Maximiliaan I, Filips de Schone en Karel V De Graven en Gravinnen van Holland , RP-P-BI-6235AX.jpg (en)
- Maria van Bourgondië, Maximiliaan I, Filips de Schone en Karel V De Graven en Gravinnen van Holland , RP-P-BI-6235.jpg (en)
- Barda de Carlos V f215.jpg (en)
- Burgundian armour b fig16.jpg (en)
- Charles V by Jörg Breu the Younger.jpg (en)
- Drawing .jpg (en)
- Durer-large-triumphal-chariot.jpg (en)
- Gothic_armour_HJRK_A_79_201804_09_ret.jpg (en)
- Hans Burgkmair - Maximilian I.jpg (en)
- Horb Ritterspiele.jpg (en)
- Horned Helmet Royal Armouries Museum leeds.JPG (en)
- Horse suit of armor DSC02190.JPG (en)
- Kufstein Kolderer.jpg (en)
- Max banquet Bruges.jpg (en)
- Maximilian Madrid horse armor.png (en)
- Maximilian and Mary medal.jpg (en)
- Maximilian and Seusenhofer in Weisskunig.jpg (en)
- Maximilian cuirass HJRK A 62 79 38103.jpg (en)
- Peace Mass.jpg (en)
- Sallet Maximilian Helmschmied HJRK A 110 1 4 ret.jpg (en)
- Racing armour HJRK R VII 201611 01.jpg (en)
- Saint George on Horseback MET DP815845.jpg (en)
- Schatzkammer Wien 5215651841 80caed78df.jpg (en)
- Taenzelfest KaiserMaximilian.JPG (en)
- Triumphal Carriage original.jpg (en)
- Hungarian combatants, escort of Emperor Maximilian I.jpg (en)
- HJRK A 60 - Plate armor of Maximilian I, c. 1485.jpg (en)
- Presentation Coin Showing Maximilian I MET 67169.jpg (en)
- HJRK A 282, Ungarische Flügeltartsche, Kaiser Maximilian I.jpg (en)
- HJRK A 244 - Armour of Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg.jpg (en)
- Hungarian shield of Maximilian 1515 HJRK A 344 01.jpg (en)
- KHM Wien R VIII - Racing armour of Maximilian I by Konrad Seusenhofer, c. 1515.jpg (en)
- Maximilian praying to Saint Sebastian with three falcons in the background.jpg (en)
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- Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. An ambitious, energetic leader who was active in many fields and lived in a time of great upheaval between the Medieval and Early Modern worlds, Maximilian's reputation in historiography is many-sided, often contradictory: the last knight or the first modern foot soldier and "first cannoneer of his nation"; the first Renaissance prince (understood either as a Machiavellian politician or omnicompetent, universal genius) or a dilettante; a far-sighted state builder and reformer, or an unrealistic schemer whose posthumous successes were based on luck, or a clear-headed, prudent statesman. While Austrian researchers often emphasize his role as the founder of the early modern supremacy of the House (en)
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