About: History of Wrocław

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Wrocław (Czech: Vratislav; German: Breslau) has long been the largest and culturally dominant city in Silesia, and is today the capital of Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of Wrocław starts at a crossroads in Lower Silesia. It was one of the centres of the Duchy and then Kingdom of Poland, and briefly, in the first half of the 13th century, the centre of half of the divided Kingdom of Poland. German settlers arrived in increasing numbers after the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, and Wrocław eventually became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia after the extinction of local Polish dukes in 1335. It was ruled by Hungary between 1469 and 1490, and after the War of Austrian Succession in the 18th century, the city and region were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 18

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  • Wrocław (Czech: Vratislav; German: Breslau) has long been the largest and culturally dominant city in Silesia, and is today the capital of Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of Wrocław starts at a crossroads in Lower Silesia. It was one of the centres of the Duchy and then Kingdom of Poland, and briefly, in the first half of the 13th century, the centre of half of the divided Kingdom of Poland. German settlers arrived in increasing numbers after the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, and Wrocław eventually became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia after the extinction of local Polish dukes in 1335. It was ruled by Hungary between 1469 and 1490, and after the War of Austrian Succession in the 18th century, the city and region were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 1871 became part of the German Empire. In the interwar period and during World War II, the city witnessed discrimination and persecution of its Polish and Jewish inhabitants, including deportations to forced labour and Nazi concentration camps, and in addition tens of thousands of forced labourers and prisoners of war of various nationalities were imprisoned in multiple German labour camps and prisons throughout the city. After World War II, Wrocław and most of Silesia were transferred again to Poland and the German-speaking majority of its population was expelled to Germany. (en)
  • Cet article présente les faits saillants de l'histoire de Wrocław, la quatrième ville de Pologne par sa population (633 000 habitants), la cinquième par sa superficie (293 km2), et l'une des plus anciennement fondées (vers le IXe – Xe siècle). Aujourd’hui, Wroclaw est le chef-lieu de la voïvodie de Basse-Silésie, (fr)
  • W czasach antycznych na obecnych terenach Wrocławia lub w bliskiej okolicy istniała miejscowość o nazwie Budorigum. Została ona odwzorowana na antycznej mapie Klaudiusza Ptolemeusza z lat 142–147 n.e. O tym, że miejscowość ta znajdowała się w okolicach Wrocławia, informuje Lexicon Universale oraz wynika to z położenia wśród innych zidentyfikowanych miejscowości Śląska. Część hipotez łączy antyczną osadę Budorigum z samym Wrocławiem, część wskazuje jednak na jej lokalizację w Brzegu lub jego okolicach. (pl)
  • 弗羅茨瓦夫（波兰语：Wrocław；捷克語：Vratislav），又称布雷斯劳（德語：Breslau）長期以來一直是西里西亞地区最大的城市和经济、文化中心，如今是波蘭下西里西亞省的首府。 弗羅茨瓦夫的歷史始於其西里西亞的十字路口地位。它是西里西亚公國和波蘭王國的中心之一，在 13 世紀上半葉，它是分裂後的波蘭王國一半的中心。 1241 年蒙古人第一次入侵波蘭後，德意志定居者越來越多，1335 年當地波蘭公爵绝嗣後，弗羅茨瓦夫最終成為波希米亞王國的一部分。1469 年至 1490 年以及戰爭結束後，它由统治匈牙利的奧地利哈布斯堡王室繼承。18世纪的三次西里西亚战争期间，普鲁士在腓特烈大帝的率领下占领整个西里西亚，并且通过胡贝图斯堡条约确立了其统治地位，布雷斯劳因之被普魯士王國吞併。1871年布雷斯劳随普鲁士成為了德意志帝國的一部分，并成为了西里西亚省的省府。在兩次世界大戰期間和第二次世界大戰时，這座城市发生了许多對波蘭和猶太居民的歧視和迫害，他们被驅逐到強迫勞動营和納粹集中營，此外還有數万名不同國籍的強迫勞動者和戰俘被關押在整個城市的多個勞改營和監獄中。二戰後，布雷斯劳和西里西亞的大部分地區被移交给波蘭，并且更名弗羅茨瓦夫。講德語的大部分人口被驅逐回了德國。1948年，弗羅茨瓦夫已有30萬波蘭人，德國人只剩7000名，到1963年，最后一间德语学校关闭。 (zh)
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  • Burial sites of 13th-century Polish monarchs in Wrocław (en)
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  • People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989 (en)
  • Weimar Germany 1918–1933 (en)
  • * Duchy of Silesia 1202–1335 1335–1469 (en)
  • Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054 (en)
  • Duchy of Bohemia 907–990 (en)
  • Duchy of Poland 990–1025 (en)
  • Great Moravia 800s–907 (en)
  • Habsburg monarchy 1526–1742 (en)
  • Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490 (en)
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  • Centennial Hall in Wrocław (en)
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  • Cet article présente les faits saillants de l'histoire de Wrocław, la quatrième ville de Pologne par sa population (633 000 habitants), la cinquième par sa superficie (293 km2), et l'une des plus anciennement fondées (vers le IXe – Xe siècle). Aujourd’hui, Wroclaw est le chef-lieu de la voïvodie de Basse-Silésie, (fr)
  • W czasach antycznych na obecnych terenach Wrocławia lub w bliskiej okolicy istniała miejscowość o nazwie Budorigum. Została ona odwzorowana na antycznej mapie Klaudiusza Ptolemeusza z lat 142–147 n.e. O tym, że miejscowość ta znajdowała się w okolicach Wrocławia, informuje Lexicon Universale oraz wynika to z położenia wśród innych zidentyfikowanych miejscowości Śląska. Część hipotez łączy antyczną osadę Budorigum z samym Wrocławiem, część wskazuje jednak na jej lokalizację w Brzegu lub jego okolicach. (pl)
  • 弗羅茨瓦夫（波兰语：Wrocław；捷克語：Vratislav），又称布雷斯劳（德語：Breslau）長期以來一直是西里西亞地区最大的城市和经济、文化中心，如今是波蘭下西里西亞省的首府。 弗羅茨瓦夫的歷史始於其西里西亞的十字路口地位。它是西里西亚公國和波蘭王國的中心之一，在 13 世紀上半葉，它是分裂後的波蘭王國一半的中心。 1241 年蒙古人第一次入侵波蘭後，德意志定居者越來越多，1335 年當地波蘭公爵绝嗣後，弗羅茨瓦夫最終成為波希米亞王國的一部分。1469 年至 1490 年以及戰爭結束後，它由统治匈牙利的奧地利哈布斯堡王室繼承。18世纪的三次西里西亚战争期间，普鲁士在腓特烈大帝的率领下占领整个西里西亚，并且通过胡贝图斯堡条约确立了其统治地位，布雷斯劳因之被普魯士王國吞併。1871年布雷斯劳随普鲁士成為了德意志帝國的一部分，并成为了西里西亚省的省府。在兩次世界大戰期間和第二次世界大戰时，這座城市发生了许多對波蘭和猶太居民的歧視和迫害，他们被驅逐到強迫勞動营和納粹集中營，此外還有數万名不同國籍的強迫勞動者和戰俘被關押在整個城市的多個勞改營和監獄中。二戰後，布雷斯劳和西里西亞的大部分地區被移交给波蘭，并且更名弗羅茨瓦夫。講德語的大部分人口被驅逐回了德國。1948年，弗羅茨瓦夫已有30萬波蘭人，德國人只剩7000名，到1963年，最后一间德语学校关闭。 (zh)
  • Wrocław (Czech: Vratislav; German: Breslau) has long been the largest and culturally dominant city in Silesia, and is today the capital of Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of Wrocław starts at a crossroads in Lower Silesia. It was one of the centres of the Duchy and then Kingdom of Poland, and briefly, in the first half of the 13th century, the centre of half of the divided Kingdom of Poland. German settlers arrived in increasing numbers after the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, and Wrocław eventually became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia after the extinction of local Polish dukes in 1335. It was ruled by Hungary between 1469 and 1490, and after the War of Austrian Succession in the 18th century, the city and region were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 18 (en)
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  • History of Wrocław (en)
  • Histoire de Wrocław (fr)
  • Historia Wrocławia (pl)
  • 弗罗茨瓦夫历史 (zh)
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