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In linguistics, fortis and lenis (/ˈfɔːrtɪs/ and /ˈliːnɪs, ˈlɛnɪs/; Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with tense and lax, are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively. English has fortis consonants, such as the p in pat, with a corresponding lenis consonant, such as the b in bat. Fortis and lenis consonants may be distinguished by tenseness or other characteristics, such as voicing, aspiration, glottalization, velarization, length, and length of nearby vowels. Fortis and lenis were coined for languages where the contrast between sounds such as p and b does not involve voicing (vibration of the vocal cords).

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  • Als eine Fortis (v. lat. stark, kräftig, energisch, tapfer; Pl.: Fortes) wird ein mit großer Intensität gesprochener Konsonant bezeichnet, beispielsweise p ​[⁠p⁠]​, t ​[⁠t⁠]​, k ​[⁠k⁠]​, ß ​[⁠s⁠]​, f ​[⁠f⁠]​, sch ​[⁠ʃ⁠]​. Der Gegensatz zur Fortis ist die Lenis (lind, sanft, leise; Pl.: Lenes). In der hochdeutschen Lautung kann man jeden Konsonanten danach charakterisieren, wie stark der Druck des Phonationsstroms und wie hoch die Muskelspannung der an der Lautbildung beteiligten Sprechwerkzeuge ist.So kann man Konsonanten nach der Muskelspannung in gespannte (engl. tense) und ungespannte (engl. lax) Konsonanten und nach der Druckstärke des Phonationsstroms in starke und schwache bzw. Fortes und Lenes unterteilen. Normalerweise sind Druckstärke und Muskelspannung miteinander gekoppelt, sodass Fortes generell mit gespannten Artikulationsorganen gebildet werden. (de)
  • In linguistics, fortis and lenis (/ˈfɔːrtɪs/ and /ˈliːnɪs, ˈlɛnɪs/; Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with tense and lax, are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively. English has fortis consonants, such as the p in pat, with a corresponding lenis consonant, such as the b in bat. Fortis and lenis consonants may be distinguished by tenseness or other characteristics, such as voicing, aspiration, glottalization, velarization, length, and length of nearby vowels. Fortis and lenis were coined for languages where the contrast between sounds such as p and b does not involve voicing (vibration of the vocal cords). (en)
  • 硬音(こうおん、英: fortis)は、音声学において調音器官の筋肉の強い緊張をともなう子音のことをいう。 (ja)
  • 경음(硬音, fortis)과 연음(軟音, lenis)은 음운의 구분되는 의 하나이다. 언어학에서 경음은 fortis라고 하며 이 단어는 라틴어로 strong이란 뜻이며 더 긴장된 소리(tense, 긴장음)라는 의미이다. 언어학에서 연음이란 lenis이며 이 단어는 라틴어로 weak이라는 뜻이며 더 이완된 소리(lax, 이완음)라는 의미이다. 경음과 연음의 일반적인 경향성은 경음은 "대부분 무성음, 길게 발음함, 강하게 발음함, 유기음, 성문음화(glottalized)한 경우가 많다"인 반면, 연음은 "대부분 유성음, 짧게 발음함, 약하게 발음함, 무기음, 성문음화되지 않음"이다. (ko)
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  • In linguistics, fortis and lenis (/ˈfɔːrtɪs/ and /ˈliːnɪs, ˈlɛnɪs/; Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with tense and lax, are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively. English has fortis consonants, such as the p in pat, with a corresponding lenis consonant, such as the b in bat. Fortis and lenis consonants may be distinguished by tenseness or other characteristics, such as voicing, aspiration, glottalization, velarization, length, and length of nearby vowels. Fortis and lenis were coined for languages where the contrast between sounds such as p and b does not involve voicing (vibration of the vocal cords). (en)
  • 硬音(こうおん、英: fortis)は、音声学において調音器官の筋肉の強い緊張をともなう子音のことをいう。 (ja)
  • 경음(硬音, fortis)과 연음(軟音, lenis)은 음운의 구분되는 의 하나이다. 언어학에서 경음은 fortis라고 하며 이 단어는 라틴어로 strong이란 뜻이며 더 긴장된 소리(tense, 긴장음)라는 의미이다. 언어학에서 연음이란 lenis이며 이 단어는 라틴어로 weak이라는 뜻이며 더 이완된 소리(lax, 이완음)라는 의미이다. 경음과 연음의 일반적인 경향성은 경음은 "대부분 무성음, 길게 발음함, 강하게 발음함, 유기음, 성문음화(glottalized)한 경우가 많다"인 반면, 연음은 "대부분 유성음, 짧게 발음함, 약하게 발음함, 무기음, 성문음화되지 않음"이다. (ko)
  • Als eine Fortis (v. lat. stark, kräftig, energisch, tapfer; Pl.: Fortes) wird ein mit großer Intensität gesprochener Konsonant bezeichnet, beispielsweise p ​[⁠p⁠]​, t ​[⁠t⁠]​, k ​[⁠k⁠]​, ß ​[⁠s⁠]​, f ​[⁠f⁠]​, sch ​[⁠ʃ⁠]​. Der Gegensatz zur Fortis ist die Lenis (lind, sanft, leise; Pl.: Lenes). (de)
rdfs:label
  • Fortis (de)
  • Fortis and lenis (en)
  • 硬音 (ja)
  • 경음과 연음 (ko)
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