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Statements

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Subject Item: dbr:Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher
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Subject Item: dbr:Royal_Mint
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Subject Item: n12:_P
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Subject Item: dbr:National_Enterprise_Board
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Subject Item: dbr:Onshore_oil_and_gas_fields_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Parliamentary_committees_of_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Patent_box
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Subject Item: dbr:2012_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Blane_oil_field
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Subject Item: dbr:Argentina–United_States_relations
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Subject Item: dbr:List_of_ministers_under_Margaret_Thatcher
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Subject Item: dbr:United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Index_of_United_Kingdom–related_articles
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Subject Item: dbr:India_Inc.
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Subject Item: dbr:Norsefire
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Subject Item: dbr:November_2022_United_Kingdom_autumn_statement
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Subject Item: dbr:Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January–June_2020)
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Subject Item: dbr:Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July–December_2020)
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Subject Item: dbr:Council_of_Mortgage_Lenders
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Subject Item: dbr:Chemical_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Generation_of_'80
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Subject Item: dbr:Unemployment_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Repatriation_of_Cossacks_after_World_War_II
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Subject Item: dbr:Timeline_of_the_Great_Recession
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Subject Item: dbr:1988_United_Kingdom_budget
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Subject Item: dbr:1989_United_Kingdom_budget
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Subject Item: dbr:England
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Subject Item: dbr:Gail_Emms
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Subject Item: dbr:Geography_of_England
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Subject Item: dbr:Great_Recession_in_Europe
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Subject Item: dbr:Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Third_Thatcher_ministry
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Subject Item: dbr:Military_bands_of_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:United_Kingdom_national_debt
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Subject Item: dbr:2019_United_Kingdom_general_election
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Subject Item: dbr:2020_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Anti-Romanian_sentiment
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Subject Item: dbr:Arandas,_Jalisco
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Subject Item: dbr:London
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Subject Item: dbr:Climate_Change_Act_2008
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Subject Item: dbr:Employers'_organization
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Subject Item: dbr:Harrods_bombing
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Subject Item: dbr:Hospitality_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:PIGS_(economics)
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Subject Item: dbr:Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:1997_United_Kingdom_budget
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Subject Item: dbr:1998_United_Kingdom_budget
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Subject Item: dbr:British_Empire
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Subject Item: dbr:CANZUK
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Subject Item: dbr:Winter_of_2009–10_in_Europe
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Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_the_UK
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dbo:wikiPageRedirects: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_the_united_kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:June_1979_United_Kingdom_budget
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Subject Item: dbr:2015_United_Kingdom_general_election
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Subject Item: dbr:2021_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:2022_in_the_United_Kingdom
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Subject Item: dbr:Airports_Commission
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Subject Item: dbr:Daniel_Defoe
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Subject Item: dbr:Das_Kapital,_Volume_I
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Subject Item: dbr:Dow_Chemical_Company
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Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_England
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Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_Finland
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_Iceland
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_Scotland
rdfs:seeAlso: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_Wales
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom

Subject Item: dbr:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom
rdf:type: yago:Abstraction100002137 owl:Thing yago:System108435388 yago:Economy108366753 yago:Group100031264
rdfs:label: イギリスの経済 Gospodarka Wielkiej Brytanii Economia del Regno Unito Ekonomika Spojeného království Економіка Великої Британії Economia do Reino Unido Economia del Regne Unit Экономика Великобритании Economie van het Verenigd Koninkrijk Economy of the United Kingdom Ekonomi Britania Raya اقتصاد المملكة المتحدة 영국의 경제 Wirtschaft des Vereinigten Königreichs 英国经济 Erresuma Batuko ekonomia Storbritanniens ekonomi Economía del Reino Unido Économie du Royaume-Uni
rdfs:comment: L'economia del Regno Unito è costituita, in ordine decrescente di grandezza, dall'Inghilterra, dalla Scozia, dal Galles e dall'Irlanda del Nord. L'aggregato, sulla base dei tassi di cambio, fa sì che quella del Regno Unito sia la quinta più grande economia del mondo e la seconda più grande in Europa dopo la Germania. Nel 2012 il PIL a prezzi correnti ammontava a circa 2 477 miliardi di $. Il Regno Unito risentì molto della crisi del 2007. المملكة المتحدة هي سادس أكبر اقتصاد في العالم من حيث الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الاسمي، و سادس أكبرها من حيث تعادل القدرة الشرائية. تمتلك ثالث أكبر اقتصاد في أوروبا بعد ألمانيا و فرنسا من حيث القيمة الاسمية، و الثاني بعد ألمانيا من حيث تعادل القوة الشرائية. يصنف تعادل القدرة الشرائية من حيث نصيب الفرد في المرتبة 17 في العالم و المرتبة 20 اسمياً. المملكة المتحدة هي ثاني أكبر اقتصاد في العالم المالي، في المرتبة الثانية بعد الولايات المتحدة و هي موطن للعديد من أكبر البنوك و الشركات في العالم والشركات. لندن عاصمة البلاد و أكبر مركز مالي في العالم، و لديها أكبر ناتج محلي إجمالي كمدينة في أوروبا و هي موطنا لأكثر من 100 من أصل أكبر 500 شركة أوروبية مثل إتش إس بي سي و بريتيش بتروليوم. المملكة المتحدة هي أيضاً عضو في مجموعة الدول الصناعية السبع و مجموعة الثماني و مجموعة العشرين و الأمم المتحدة و منظمة En 2022, le Royaume-Uni est la sixième puissance économique mondiale, avec un produit intérieur brut de 3 380 milliards de dollars. Il se situe derrière les États-Unis, la Chine, le Japon, l'Allemagne et l'Inde. Depuis les réformes économiques, inspirées du libéralisme économique, mises en place dans les années 1980 (avec Margaret Thatcher comme Premier ministre), le Royaume-Uni est revenu à l’économie de marché. « Homme malade » de l’Europe en 1979, le pays est actuellement (2007) une économie prospère, caractérisée par un niveau élevé de PIB par habitant. Великобритания — высокоразвитое постиндустриальное государство. Экономика Великобритании - 9-я экономика мира по объёму ВВП по ППС на 2018 год. Ведущим сектором британской экономики является сфера услуг (3/4 ВВП). Лидирующее положение в номических отношений. Британия осуществляет 10 % мирового экспорта услуг — банковских, страховых, брокерских, консультативных, а также в области компьютерного программирования. На сельское хозяйство, которое удовлетворяет порядка 2/3 внутренних потребностей в пищевых продуктах, приходится всего лишь 1 % ВВП, строительство (6,1 %). Ekonomi Britania Raya dapat dikategorikan sebagai perekonomian yang maju dan berorientasi pasar. Britania Raya merupakan negara dengan perekonomian terbesar kelima di dunia berdasarkan produk domestik bruto (PDB) nominal, terbesar kesembilan berdasarkan PDB keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja (KKB), dan urutan ke-22 berdasarkan PDB per kapita, menyumbang 3,5% dari . Mata uang Britania Raya adalah pound sterling, yang merupakan mata uang cadangan terbesar keempat di dunia setelah Dolar Amerika Serikat, Euro dan Yen. Gospodarka Wielkiej Brytanii Wielka Brytania jest państwem o gospodarce rynkowej, drugiej pod względem wielkości PKB w Europie (po Niemczech) i piątej na świecie. W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad rząd brytyjski dokonał prywatyzacji wielu przedsiębiorstw państwowych, odchodząc w znacznym stopniu od zasad tzw. państwa opiekuńczego (welfare state). Storbritannien är en av världens mest betydande ekonomier, världens 5:e största ekonomi enligt Internationella valutafondens rankinglista från 2020 räknat enligt nominalt BNP. Landet har en mycket stor finanssektor: London är världens näst största finanscentrum efter New York Servicesektorn i sin helhet står för 79% av BNP 2019. Energisektorn är även den omfattande, med en andel av BNP på 5 % 2019. Skottland är Västeuropas näst största oljeproducent (efter Norge) och naturgasproducent. Jordbrukssektorn står för 0,7% av BNP 2017 och 1,2% av arbetskraften. La economía del Reino Unido es la sexta más grande del mundo, con respecto a los tipos de cambio de mercado, detrás de los Estados Unidos, China, Japón, Alemania e India y la segunda en Europa, compuesta por las economías de Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales e Irlanda del Norte, en ese orden según su peso en el PIB. Es una economía eminentemente basada en el sector de servicios, el cual compone 3/4 partes de su PIB, con una industria fuerte y diversificada, puntera en los sectores aeronáutico, energético y de transportes, sí bien esta ha declinado su proporción en el PIB, en virtud de una mayor tercerización de la economía británica. The economy of the United Kingdom is a highly developed social market and market-orientated economy. It is the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), ninth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), and twenty second-highest by GDP per capita, constituting 3.3% of nominal world GDP. By PPP (purchasing power parity) terms, UK constitutes 2.34% of world GDP. O Reino Unido mantém o quinto maior Produto Interno bruto do mundo em matéria de mercado de taxas de câmbio e a décima maior paridade do poder de compra (PPC). Dentro do espaço Europeu, possui a segunda maior economia, ficando atrás apenas da Alemanha. É membro do G8, aderindo à primeira em 1973 e atuando como fundador no segundo. Sua capital e maior cidade, Londres, é considerada (ao lado da cidade de Nova York e de Tóquio) o maior e mais importante centro financeiro do mundo. Sua economia também pode ser eventualmente rotulada como Economia Anglo-Saxônica. Das Vereinigte Königreich zählt zu den am stärksten deregulierten Volkswirtschaften der Welt. Die britische Wirtschaft ist der Ursprung des sogenannten „angelsächsischen Kapitalismus“, der auf den Prinzipien der Liberalisierung, des freien Marktes, niedriger Besteuerung und geringer Regulierung beruht. Das Land hat das weltweit sechstgrößte Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP), nach Deutschland und Frankreich das drittgrößte in Europa. Bei der Kaufkraftparität (PPP) liegt es auf dem sechsten Platz. Mit 28.300 Euro liegt das BIP pro Kopf im oberen europäischen Referenzrahmen. Im Vergleich mit dem BIP der EU (ausgedrückt in Kaufkraftstandards) erreicht das Vereinigte Königreich einen Index von 104 (EU-28 im Jahr 2019: 100). In Bezug auf Inflation, Zinsniveau und Arbeitslosigkeit gehört die britische W Het Verenigd Koninkrijk is een welvarend land met een moderne diensteneconomie. Belangrijke sectoren zijn de financiële sector, die tot de grootste ter wereld behoort, en de oliesector, die olie uit de Noordzee wint. In 2003 bedroeg het aandeel van diensten in het bruto binnenlands product 72,6%, terwijl de industrie 26,5% voor haar rekening nam en de landbouw 0,9%. 영국의 경제는 명목 국내 총생산(GDP) 기준 세계에서 5위의 경제 규모이며, 구매력 평가(PPP) 기준으로는 세계에서 9위의 규모로, 전 세계 GDP의 4%를 차지한다. 또, 언급된 두 기준에서 유럽연합에서 두 번째로 경제 규모가 크다. 2015년에 영국은 전 세계에서 9위의 수출국이자, 6위의 수입국이며 주식 기준 해외직접투자가 2위에 달한다. 가장 글로벌화된 경제 가운데 하나이며 (크기가 큰 순서에서 작은 순서대로 나열할 때) , , , 의 경제로 이루어진다. Ekonomika Spojeného království je pátou nejsilnější ve světě dle síly měny a šestou dle parity kupní síly. Je to druhá největší ekonomika Evropy po Německu. Spojené království je jednou z nejvíce globalizovaných zemí. Hlavní město Londýn je jedním ze tří hlavních ekonomických center světa, společně s New Yorkem a Tokiem. Britská ekonomika se často označuje také jako „Anglo-saská ekonomika“. Tvoří ji (v sestupném pořadí dle velikosti) ekonomiky , , a . Spojené království bylo členem Evropské unie od roku 1973 do roku 2020. Těžební věž v Severním moři 英国经济为高度发达的盎格魯-撒克遜經濟体系。2022年，按名义国内生产总值计算，英国是世界第六大经济体。英国是世界上首个进入工业化的国家，尽管20世纪以来英国经济实力相对有所下降，但作为老牌资本主义强国，在世界经济中仍占有举足轻重的地位。服务业在英国经济中主导地位，占国民生产总值80%以上，其中金融业尤为发达，伦敦是著名的国际金融中心。另外，英国在汽车制造、航空航天、电子通信等行业都具有全球领先地位，也是全球重要科研基地之一。イギリスの経済（イギリスのけいざい）は、名目国内総生産（GDP）世界5位、購買力平価（PPP）世界9位であり、世界のGDPの3.5%を占める。2016年第二四半期の前年比成長率は2.2%であり、4年連続でG7で最も大きな経済成長を遂げている。 2015年には世界11位の輸出国と世界6位の輸入国であり、対内直接投資と対外直接投資は共に世界2位であるなど、世界で最も国際化した経済の1つである。サービス部門はGDPの約78%を占めており、金融サービス業界は特に基幹産業で、ロンドンは世界最大の金融センターである。製薬業界も重要な役割を果たしており、医薬品研究開発シェアは世界3位。自動車産業は、国内の主要な雇用先および輸出品目である。イギリスは大量の石炭・天然ガス・原油を埋蔵しており、埋蔵量は2015年に29億バレルと推定された。イギリスの経済はイングランド、スコットランド、ウェールズ、北アイルランドによって構成されるが、地域によって大きな差がでている。ロンドンの経済規模は欧州内でGDPが最大の都市である。政府の関与は、主に大蔵省 (イギリス)、財務大臣 (イギリス)、ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省によって行われ、1979年以降の経済政策は自由放任主義を踏襲している。スターリング・ポンドは、アメリカ合衆国ドル、ユーロ、円に次ぐ世界第4位の準備通貨であり、世界10大通貨の一つである。 2018an Erresuma Batuko ekonomia munduko 5. handiena izan zen. Erresuma Batua munduko bostgarren herrialde indartsuena da ekonomiari dagokionez. Oso ekonomia aurreratua du, eta hirugarren sektorea da nagusia (langileen % 74 eta barne produktu gordinaren % 64,2). 1973-1995 urte bitartean industria ekoizpenak ez ziren % 6 baino gehiago hazi (zerbitzuak % 50 hazi ziren). Baina egiturak berritzeko egin diren saioen ondoren, britainiar industria goranzko bidean da berriz ere. asko jaitsi da, batetik biztanleriaren zahartzea dela-eta, eta, bestetik, ekonomiaren hazkundeari esker: 1992 eta 1993 urteetan % 10era iritsi zen, 1998an, berriz, % 5era jaitsi da. Hala ere, lanaren merkatuaren egoerak okerrera egin du, eta gizataldeen arteko desberdintasunak larriagotu egin dira. Behartsuen kopurua 12 mi Еконо́міка Великої Брита́нії — шоста економіка у світі за об'ємом ВВП по ПКС (2020). Машинобудування та транспорт, промислові товари та хімікати є основними статтями експорту Великої Британії. Починаючи з 70-их років ХХ століття, видобуток нафти не тільки дозволив скоротити імпорт нафтопродуктів, але й приніс значний прибуток в зовнішній торгівлі. British Petroleum є не тільки найбільшою корпорацією Великої Британії, але посідає друге місце у Європі. El Regne Unit, una potència comercial i centre financer, és la segona economia més gran d'Europa després d'Alemanya. En les últimes dues dècades, el govern ha reduït en gran manera la propietat pública i contingut el creixement dels programes de benestar social. L'agricultura és intensiva i altament mecanitzada i eficient per als estàndards europeus, que produeix al voltant del 60% de les necessitats alimentàries amb menys del 2% de la població activa. El Regne Unit té grans reserves de carbó, gas natural i petroli, però les seves reserves de gas natural i petroli estan disminuint i el Regne Unit es va convertir en un importador net d'energia en 2005.
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dbo:thumbnail: n6:Super_moon_over_City_of_London_from_Tate_Modern_2018-01-31_4.jpg?width=300
dbp:caption: City of London, the financial centre of the UK
dbp:country: the United Kingdom
dbp:expenses: 41
dbp:group: dbr:World_Bank_high-income_economy dbr:Developed_country
dbp:imageSize: 325
dbp:occupations: services: 79.7% industry: 18.8% agriculture: 1.5%
dbp:population: 67081234
dbp:revenue: 38.9
dbp:year: 0001-04-06
dbp:currency: dbr:Pound_sterling
dbp:reserves: 1.642E11
dbo:abstract: Storbritannien är en av världens mest betydande ekonomier, världens 5:e största ekonomi enligt Internationella valutafondens rankinglista från 2020 räknat enligt nominalt BNP. Landet har en mycket stor finanssektor: London är världens näst största finanscentrum efter New York Servicesektorn i sin helhet står för 79% av BNP 2019. Energisektorn är även den omfattande, med en andel av BNP på 5 % 2019. Skottland är Västeuropas näst största oljeproducent (efter Norge) och naturgasproducent. Jordbrukssektorn står för 0,7% av BNP 2017 och 1,2% av arbetskraften. Storbritannien viktigaste handelspartner är: Tyskland, USA, Frankrike och Nederländerna. Dess valuta är pund. المملكة المتحدة هي سادس أكبر اقتصاد في العالم من حيث الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الاسمي، و سادس أكبرها من حيث تعادل القدرة الشرائية. تمتلك ثالث أكبر اقتصاد في أوروبا بعد ألمانيا و فرنسا من حيث القيمة الاسمية، و الثاني بعد ألمانيا من حيث تعادل القوة الشرائية. يصنف تعادل القدرة الشرائية من حيث نصيب الفرد في المرتبة 17 في العالم و المرتبة 20 اسمياً. المملكة المتحدة هي ثاني أكبر اقتصاد في العالم المالي، في المرتبة الثانية بعد الولايات المتحدة و هي موطن للعديد من أكبر البنوك و الشركات في العالم والشركات. لندن عاصمة البلاد و أكبر مركز مالي في العالم، و لديها أكبر ناتج محلي إجمالي كمدينة في أوروبا و هي موطنا لأكثر من 100 من أصل أكبر 500 شركة أوروبية مثل إتش إس بي سي و بريتيش بتروليوم. المملكة المتحدة هي أيضاً عضو في مجموعة الدول الصناعية السبع و مجموعة الثماني و مجموعة العشرين و الأمم المتحدة و منظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية و منظمة التجارة العالمية و الاتحاد الأوروبي و الكومنويلث. Het Verenigd Koninkrijk is een welvarend land met een moderne diensteneconomie. Belangrijke sectoren zijn de financiële sector, die tot de grootste ter wereld behoort, en de oliesector, die olie uit de Noordzee wint. In 2003 bedroeg het aandeel van diensten in het bruto binnenlands product 72,6%, terwijl de industrie 26,5% voor haar rekening nam en de landbouw 0,9%. Ekonomi Britania Raya dapat dikategorikan sebagai perekonomian yang maju dan berorientasi pasar. Britania Raya merupakan negara dengan perekonomian terbesar kelima di dunia berdasarkan produk domestik bruto (PDB) nominal, terbesar kesembilan berdasarkan PDB keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja (KKB), dan urutan ke-22 berdasarkan PDB per kapita, menyumbang 3,5% dari . Pada tahun 2016, Britania Raya merupakan negara pengekspor terbesar kesepuluh di dunia dan negara pengimpor terbesar kelima. Britania Raya juga merupakan negara investasi asing langsung terbesar kedua, dan investasi asing langsung terbesar ketiga. Britania Raya merupakan salah satu negara dengan perekonomian yang paling terglobalisasi. Perekonomian Britania Raya terdiri dari , Skotlandia, dan . Sektor jasa mendominasi perekonomian Britania Raya dengan menyumbang sekitar 80% dari PDB; merupakan industri yang paling penting bagi Britania Raya, dan London adalah pusat keuangan terbesar di dunia. adalah industri dirgantara nasional terbesar kedua di dunia. yang merupakan terbesar kesepuluh di dunia memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian negara. Dari 500 perusahaan terbesar di dunia, sebanyak 26 di antaranya bermarkas di Britania Raya. Perekonomian negara didorong oleh produksi ; cadangan minyak yang dimiliki diperkirakan sebesar 2,8 miliar barel pada tahun 2016, walau Britania Raya telah menjadi negara pengimpor minyak sejak 2005. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antarwilayah dalam hal pendapatan, Inggris Tenggara dan memiliki pendapatan per kapita terbesar di Britania Raya. Ukuran dari membuat London menjadi kota terbesar di Eropa berdasarkan PDB. Pada abad ke-18, Britania Raya merupakan negara pertama yang melakukan Industrialisasi, dan selama abad ke-19 memegang peranan utama dalam perekonomian dunia, dengan menyumbang 9,1% dari PDB dunia pada tahun 1870. Revolusi Industri Kedua juga terjadi secara cepat di Amerika Serikat dan Kekaisaran Jerman; hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi perekonomian Britania Raya. Biaya yang dikeluarkan selama Perang Dunia I dan Perang Dunia II semakin memperlemah posisi Britania Raya terhadap perekonomian dunia. Namun pada abad ke-21, Britania Raya tetap memiliki kekuatan besar untuk mempengaruhi dunia. Keterlibatan pemerintah dalam perekonomian diwakilkan oleh HM Treasury yang dipimpin oleh Menteri Keuangan (Chancellor of the Exchequer) dan . Sejak 1979, manajemen ekonomi Britania Raya menganut prinsip laissez-faire. Bank of England merupakan bank sentral Britania Raya dan sejak 1997 bertanggung jawab untuk menetapkan suku bunga, pelonggaran kuantitatif, dan . Mata uang Britania Raya adalah pound sterling, yang merupakan mata uang cadangan terbesar keempat di dunia setelah Dolar Amerika Serikat, Euro dan Yen. Britania Raya adalah anggota Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa, Uni Eropa (saat ini sedang menegosiasikan untuk keluar), G7, G20, Dana Moneter Internasional, Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerjasama di Eropa, Bank Dunia, Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia, Bank Investasi Infrastruktur Asia, dan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. イギリスの経済（イギリスのけいざい）は、名目国内総生産（GDP）世界5位、購買力平価（PPP）世界9位であり、世界のGDPの3.5%を占める。2016年第二四半期の前年比成長率は2.2%であり、4年連続でG7で最も大きな経済成長を遂げている。 2015年には世界11位の輸出国と世界6位の輸入国であり、対内直接投資と対外直接投資は共に世界2位であるなど、世界で最も国際化した経済の1つである。サービス部門はGDPの約78%を占めており、金融サービス業界は特に基幹産業で、ロンドンは世界最大の金融センターである。製薬業界も重要な役割を果たしており、医薬品研究開発シェアは世界3位。自動車産業は、国内の主要な雇用先および輸出品目である。イギリスは大量の石炭・天然ガス・原油を埋蔵しており、埋蔵量は2015年に29億バレルと推定された。イギリスの経済はイングランド、スコットランド、ウェールズ、北アイルランドによって構成されるが、地域によって大きな差がでている。ロンドンの経済規模は欧州内でGDPが最大の都市である。政府の関与は、主に大蔵省 (イギリス)、財務大臣 (イギリス)、ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省によって行われ、1979年以降の経済政策は自由放任主義を踏襲している。スターリング・ポンドは、アメリカ合衆国ドル、ユーロ、円に次ぐ世界第4位の準備通貨であり、世界10大通貨の一つである。 L'economia del Regno Unito è costituita, in ordine decrescente di grandezza, dall'Inghilterra, dalla Scozia, dal Galles e dall'Irlanda del Nord. L'aggregato, sulla base dei tassi di cambio, fa sì che quella del Regno Unito sia la quinta più grande economia del mondo e la seconda più grande in Europa dopo la Germania. Nel 2012 il PIL a prezzi correnti ammontava a circa 2 477 miliardi di $. Il Regno Unito risentì molto della crisi del 2007. Gospodarka Wielkiej Brytanii Wielka Brytania jest państwem o gospodarce rynkowej, drugiej pod względem wielkości PKB w Europie (po Niemczech) i piątej na świecie. W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad rząd brytyjski dokonał prywatyzacji wielu przedsiębiorstw państwowych, odchodząc w znacznym stopniu od zasad tzw. państwa opiekuńczego (welfare state). 영국의 경제는 명목 국내 총생산(GDP) 기준 세계에서 5위의 경제 규모이며, 구매력 평가(PPP) 기준으로는 세계에서 9위의 규모로, 전 세계 GDP의 4%를 차지한다. 또, 언급된 두 기준에서 유럽연합에서 두 번째로 경제 규모가 크다. 2015년에 영국은 전 세계에서 9위의 수출국이자, 6위의 수입국이며 주식 기준 해외직접투자가 2위에 달한다. 가장 글로벌화된 경제 가운데 하나이며 (크기가 큰 순서에서 작은 순서대로 나열할 때) , , , 의 경제로 이루어진다. La economía del Reino Unido es la sexta más grande del mundo, con respecto a los tipos de cambio de mercado, detrás de los Estados Unidos, China, Japón, Alemania e India y la segunda en Europa, compuesta por las economías de Inglaterra, Escocia, Gales e Irlanda del Norte, en ese orden según su peso en el PIB. Es una economía eminentemente basada en el sector de servicios, el cual compone 3/4 partes de su PIB, con una industria fuerte y diversificada, puntera en los sectores aeronáutico, energético y de transportes, sí bien esta ha declinado su proporción en el PIB, en virtud de una mayor tercerización de la economía británica. 2018an Erresuma Batuko ekonomia munduko 5. handiena izan zen. Erresuma Batua munduko bostgarren herrialde indartsuena da ekonomiari dagokionez. Oso ekonomia aurreratua du, eta hirugarren sektorea da nagusia (langileen % 74 eta barne produktu gordinaren % 64,2). 1973-1995 urte bitartean industria ekoizpenak ez ziren % 6 baino gehiago hazi (zerbitzuak % 50 hazi ziren). Baina egiturak berritzeko egin diren saioen ondoren, britainiar industria goranzko bidean da berriz ere. asko jaitsi da, batetik biztanleriaren zahartzea dela-eta, eta, bestetik, ekonomiaren hazkundeari esker: 1992 eta 1993 urteetan % 10era iritsi zen, 1998an, berriz, % 5era jaitsi da. Hala ere, lanaren merkatuaren egoerak okerrera egin du, eta gizataldeen arteko desberdintasunak larriagotu egin dira. Behartsuen kopurua 12 milioira iritsi da. Barne produktu gordina 20.000 dolarrekoa da biztanleko, Zazpi Handien taldea osatzen duten herrialdeen artean ahulena. El Regne Unit, una potència comercial i centre financer, és la segona economia més gran d'Europa després d'Alemanya. En les últimes dues dècades, el govern ha reduït en gran manera la propietat pública i contingut el creixement dels programes de benestar social. L'agricultura és intensiva i altament mecanitzada i eficient per als estàndards europeus, que produeix al voltant del 60% de les necessitats alimentàries amb menys del 2% de la població activa. El Regne Unit té grans reserves de carbó, gas natural i petroli, però les seves reserves de gas natural i petroli estan disminuint i el Regne Unit es va convertir en un importador net d'energia en 2005. Els serveis, especialment els bancs, assegurances i negocis són cada vegada més importants en el PIB, mentre la indústria segueix perdent importància. The economy of the United Kingdom is a highly developed social market and market-orientated economy. It is the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), ninth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), and twenty second-highest by GDP per capita, constituting 3.3% of nominal world GDP. By PPP (purchasing power parity) terms, UK constitutes 2.34% of world GDP. The United Kingdom is one of the most globalised economies, and comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.In 2020, the UK was the fifth largest exporter in the world and the fifth-largest importer. It also had the third-largest inward foreign direct investment, and the fifth-largest outward foreign direct investment. In 2020, the UK's trade with the 27 member states of the European Union accounted for 49% of the country's exports and 52% of its imports. The service sector dominates, contributing 81% of GDP; the financial services industry is particularly important, and London is the second-largest financial centre in the world. Edinburgh was ranked 17th in the world, and 6th in Europe for its financial services industry in 2021. The UK technology sector is valued at US$1 trillion, third behind the United States and China. Britain's aerospace industry is the second-largest national aerospace industry. Its pharmaceutical industry, the tenth-largest in the world, plays an important role in the economy. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 26 are headquartered in the UK. The economy is boosted by North Sea oil and gas production; its reserves were estimated at 2.8 billion barrels in 2016, although it has been a net importer of oil since 2005. There are significant regional variations in prosperity, with South East England and North East Scotland being the richest areas per capita. The size of London's economy makes it the largest city by GDP per capita in Europe. In the 18th century, Britain was the first nation to industrialise. During the 19th century, through its expansive colonial empire and technological superiority, Britain had a preeminent role in the global economy, accounting for 9.1% of the world's GDP in 1870. The Second Industrial Revolution was also taking place rapidly in the United States and the German Empire; this presented an increasing economic challenge for the UK, leading into the 20th century. The cost of fighting both the First and Second World Wars further weakened the UK's relative position. Despite a relative decline in its global dominance, in the 21st century the UK retains the ability to project significant power and influence around the world. Government involvement is primarily exercised by His Majesty's Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Since 1979, management of the economy has followed a broadly laissez-faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank, and since 1997 its Monetary Policy Committee has been responsible for setting interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is the world's fourth-largest reserve currency after the United States dollar, the Euro and the Japanese yen. It is also one of the 10 most-valued currencies in the world. The UK is a founding member of the Commonwealth, the G7, the G20, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, NATO, the United Nations Security Council, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the United Nations. Ekonomika Spojeného království je pátou nejsilnější ve světě dle síly měny a šestou dle parity kupní síly. Je to druhá největší ekonomika Evropy po Německu. Spojené království je jednou z nejvíce globalizovaných zemí. Hlavní město Londýn je jedním ze tří hlavních ekonomických center světa, společně s New Yorkem a Tokiem. Britská ekonomika se často označuje také jako „Anglo-saská ekonomika“. Tvoří ji (v sestupném pořadí dle velikosti) ekonomiky , , a . Spojené království bylo členem Evropské unie od roku 1973 do roku 2020. V 80. letech minulého století, pod vedením ministerské předsedkyně Margaret Thatcherové, byla privatizována většina státem vlastněných podniků v průmyslovém sektoru a službách, které byly zestátňovány od 40. let. Britská vláda v současnosti ovládá jen velmi málo průmyslu či podnikání – jedním z příkladů je například . Britská ekonomika zažila v posledních letech nejdelší ekonomický růst za posledních 150 let, přičemž vykazovala růst každé čtvrtletí od roku 1992. Šlo o jedni z nejsilnějších ekonomik EU s ohledem na inflaci, úrokové sazby a nezaměstnanost, které všechny zůstávají poměrně nízko. Současně má Spojené království podle Mezinárodního měnového fondu sedmou nejvyšší úroveň HDP na obyvatele v EU dle parity kupní síly, za Lucemburskem, Irskem, Nizozemskem, Dánskem, Rakouskem a Finskem. Na druhou stranu, současně s ostatními anglicky hovořícími zeměmi, má Britská ekonomika nejvyšší míru nerovnosti příjmů v porovnání s ostatními evropskými státy. Spojené království má však také třetí největší deficit platební bilance. Těžební věž v Severním moři Ačkoli „produktivita na zaměstnance“ v posledních dvou desetiletích stále stoupala a předstihla i Německo, stále zaostává o 20 % za Francií, kde mají pracovníci 35hodinový pracovní týden. Britská „produktivita na odpracované hodiny“ je v současnosti ve shodě s průměrem „staré“ EU (15 zemí). Spojené království je v současnosti na 16. místě žebříčku Human Development Index (země seřazené podle průměrné délky života, vzdělanosti ad.). V souvislosti se světovou finanční krizí se koncem roku 2008 britská vláda na podporu ekonomiky rozhodla ke snížení daně z přidané hodnoty o dva procentní body na 15 %, a to až do roku 2010, i za cenu očekávaného zvýšení zadlužení státu. O Reino Unido mantém o quinto maior Produto Interno bruto do mundo em matéria de mercado de taxas de câmbio e a décima maior paridade do poder de compra (PPC). Dentro do espaço Europeu, possui a segunda maior economia, ficando atrás apenas da Alemanha. É membro do G8, aderindo à primeira em 1973 e atuando como fundador no segundo. Sua capital e maior cidade, Londres, é considerada (ao lado da cidade de Nova York e de Tóquio) o maior e mais importante centro financeiro do mundo. Sua economia também pode ser eventualmente rotulada como Economia Anglo-Saxônica. É constituída (em ordem decrescente de contribuição) pelas economias da Inglaterra,Escócia, País de Gales e Irlanda do Norte. Uma série de privatizações pode ser notada nos anos 80, sob o governo da primeira-ministra Margaret Thatcher, em que diversas empresas dos setores industriais e de serviços, muitas das quais nacionalizadas nos anos 40, foram vendidas à iniciativa privada. Atualmente o governo britânico mantém escassas indústrias e prestadoras de serviço sob sua coordenação, uma das quais é o seu serviço postal. A economia britânica vem experimentando crescimento contínuo há mais de 150 anos. É considerada estável por manter os níveis de inflação, especulação e desemprego relativamente baixos no cenário europeu. No entanto, detém níveis de desigualdade social mais elevados que alguns dos outros países de forte economia na Europa. Muito embora a taxa de produtividade por pessoa empregada venha progredindo nas últimas duas décadas, ultrapassando a Alemã, ainda é 20% inferior à taxa francesa, onde os trabalhadores exercem 35 horas de trabalho semanais. A produtividade por hora trabalhada é, atualmente, semelhante à média da antiga União Europeia, quando esta ainda era constituída por 15 países, em 1995. Quanto ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), o Reino Unido assume a décima oitava colocação mundial e a décima terceira entre os países europeus, o que evidencia também, a predominância destes nas primeiras colocações do índice. O PIB britânico cresceu 2,7% em 2006 e sua expectativa de crescimento em 2007 é de 2,9%. As expectativas mais recentes porém, indicam crescimento de 3,0%. É uma economia de mercado, mantendo fortes relações econômicas com os outros países da União Europeia, com os Estados Unidos, e com os países da Commonwealth. Exporta, principalmente: maquinário, produtos químicos, veículos, alimentos, ferro, aço, metais e uísque. O país é o décimo no ranking de competitividade do Fórum Econômico Mundial. Великобритания — высокоразвитое постиндустриальное государство. Экономика Великобритании - 9-я экономика мира по объёму ВВП по ППС на 2018 год. Ведущим сектором британской экономики является сфера услуг (3/4 ВВП). Лидирующее положение в номических отношений. Британия осуществляет 10 % мирового экспорта услуг — банковских, страховых, брокерских, консультативных, а также в области компьютерного программирования. Вторая по значимости отрасль британского хозяйства — промышленность (18,6 % от ВВП) представлена двумя подотраслями: горнодобывающим производством (2,2 % ВВП) и обрабатывающей промышленностью (14,7 % ВВП).Машиностроение и транспорт, промышленные товары и химикаты являются основными статьями экспорта Великобритании. На сельское хозяйство, которое удовлетворяет порядка 2/3 внутренних потребностей в пищевых продуктах, приходится всего лишь 1 % ВВП, строительство (6,1 %). Начиная с 1970-х годов, добыча нефти не только позволила сократить импорт нефтепродуктов, но и принесла существенную прибыль в торговле. British Petroleum является крупнейшей промышленной корпорацией Великобритании и занимает второе место в Европе, уступая лишь Royal Dutch Shell. Страна импортирует в 6 раз больше промышленных товаров, чем сырья. Самым значительным её экспортёром являются США. Семь из десяти ведущих поставщиков товаров в Великобританию — страны ЕС. En 2022, le Royaume-Uni est la sixième puissance économique mondiale, avec un produit intérieur brut de 3 380 milliards de dollars. Il se situe derrière les États-Unis, la Chine, le Japon, l'Allemagne et l'Inde. Depuis les réformes économiques, inspirées du libéralisme économique, mises en place dans les années 1980 (avec Margaret Thatcher comme Premier ministre), le Royaume-Uni est revenu à l’économie de marché. « Homme malade » de l’Europe en 1979, le pays est actuellement (2007) une économie prospère, caractérisée par un niveau élevé de PIB par habitant. Au troisième trimestre 2008, l'économie britannique est entrée en récession, celle-ci est due à la crise des subprimes qui démarra durant l'été 2007 aux États-Unis et qui se transforma en crise financière puis économique mondiale en 2008. Ancien membre de l’Union européenne (1973-2016), le Royaume-Uni n’a pas adhéré à la monnaie unique européenne, l’euro. Les relations économiques sont traditionnellement fortes avec les États-Unis et les pays du Commonwealth. La force du pays tient en partie à ses banques solides, et à sa place financière, la City, qui est avec Wall Street l’une des deux places financières les plus importantes au monde. Cette puissance économique présente toutefois aujourd'hui (2012) certains signes de fragilité : le déficit de la balance des paiements, en raison notamment de l'épuisement relatif des ressources pétrolières, s'est fortement détérioré, les dettes publiques et privées se situent à des niveaux élevés. Le Royaume-Uni connait les inégalités de revenus les plus élevées des pays de l’OCDE et les disparités régionales les plus fortes d’Europe. Das Vereinigte Königreich zählt zu den am stärksten deregulierten Volkswirtschaften der Welt. Die britische Wirtschaft ist der Ursprung des sogenannten „angelsächsischen Kapitalismus“, der auf den Prinzipien der Liberalisierung, des freien Marktes, niedriger Besteuerung und geringer Regulierung beruht. Das Land hat das weltweit sechstgrößte Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP), nach Deutschland und Frankreich das drittgrößte in Europa. Bei der Kaufkraftparität (PPP) liegt es auf dem sechsten Platz. Mit 28.300 Euro liegt das BIP pro Kopf im oberen europäischen Referenzrahmen. Im Vergleich mit dem BIP der EU (ausgedrückt in Kaufkraftstandards) erreicht das Vereinigte Königreich einen Index von 104 (EU-28 im Jahr 2019: 100). In Bezug auf Inflation, Zinsniveau und Arbeitslosigkeit gehört die britische Wirtschaft zu den stärksten Europas. Das Land war 47 Jahre lang Mitglied der Europäischen Union und ist Mitglied der Gruppe der Sieben. Oft wird die britische Wirtschaftsform als „angelsächsischer Kapitalismus“ bezeichnet. Seit den 1980er Jahren wurden zahlreiche Staatsbetriebe im Zuge des Thatcherismus privatisiert und die Gewerkschaften geschwächt. Die 1997 folgende Regierung unter der Labour Party führte unter anderem den Mindestlohn ein und stützte die Binnenwirtschaft mit gestiegenen Staatsinvestitionen, verfolgte aber insgesamt eine ähnliche Politik. Die Industrie spielt heute in der britischen Wirtschaft, auch im europäischen Vergleich, nur noch eine relativ geringe Rolle (außer im Exportanteil) und viele Traditionsmarken wie Bentley, Jaguar oder Landrover sind keine britischen Unternehmen mehr. An Bedeutung gewonnen haben hingegen Finanzdienstleistungen. Die Hauptstadt London ist ein internationales Finanzzentrum („City of London“), Standort einiger wichtiger Börsen und Banken. Nach einer Phase hohen Wachstums ab den späten 1990ern befand sich die britische Wirtschaft von 2008 bis 2010 in einer Rezession (siehe Finanzkrise ab 2007). Die britische Wirtschaftsleistung wurde von der COVID-19-Pandemie und den Folgen des Brexit stark betroffen und hat auch im dritten Quartal 2022 das Niveau von Ende 2019 nicht erreicht. Nach einem starken Wachstumsjahr 2022 prognostiziert der Internationalen Währungsfonds das drittwschächste Realwachstum der G7-Staaten, die OECD sieht das Vereinigte Königreich als Schlusslicht. Aus deutscher Sicht fällt das Vereinigte Königreich 2022 aus dem Ranking der zehn wichtigsten Handelspartner. Im Global Competitiveness Index, der die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit eines Landes misst, belegte das UK 2019 Platz 9 von 141 Ländern. Im Index für wirtschaftliche Freiheit belegt das Land 2022 von 177 Ländern den 24. Platz 24 vor den USA und hinter Zypern. Еконо́міка Великої Брита́нії — шоста економіка у світі за об'ємом ВВП по ПКС (2020). Машинобудування та транспорт, промислові товари та хімікати є основними статтями експорту Великої Британії. Починаючи з 70-их років ХХ століття, видобуток нафти не тільки дозволив скоротити імпорт нафтопродуктів, але й приніс значний прибуток в зовнішній торгівлі. British Petroleum є не тільки найбільшою корпорацією Великої Британії, але посідає друге місце у Європі. Велика Британія здійснює 10 % світового експорту всіх послуг — банківських, страхових, брокерських, консультативних, а також у галузі комп'ютерного програмування. Велика Британія імпортує в 6 разів більше промислових товарів ніж сировини. Найзначнішим експортним партнером Великої Британії, поза межами ЄС, є Сполучені Штати Америки. Сім з десяти провідних постачальників товарів у Велику Британію — це країни ЄС. Провідним сектором британської економіки є сфера послуг яка займає 77,8 % ВВП (2014). Темпи зростання цього сектора були на рівні 2 % у 2013 році по відношенню до 2012 року. Лідируюче положення займає його фінансова складова, яка визначає спеціалізацію країни в системі міжнародних економічних відносин і Лондон є найбільшим світовим фінансовим центром. 英国经济为高度发达的盎格魯-撒克遜經濟体系。2022年，按名义国内生产总值计算，英国是世界第六大经济体。英国是世界上首个进入工业化的国家，尽管20世纪以来英国经济实力相对有所下降，但作为老牌资本主义强国，在世界经济中仍占有举足轻重的地位。服务业在英国经济中主导地位，占国民生产总值80%以上，其中金融业尤为发达，伦敦是著名的国际金融中心。另外，英国在汽车制造、航空航天、电子通信等行业都具有全球领先地位，也是全球重要科研基地之一。
dbp:aid: ODA£14 Billion
dbp:averageGrossSalary: £640 weekly median
dbp:balance: *£187.4 billion deficit *−8.1% of GDP *£284 billion deficit *−12.8% of GDP
dbp:bankrate: 3.0
dbp:cianame: united-kingdom
dbp:credit: Scope: AA Moody's: Aa2 AA Fitch: AA Outlook: Negative AAA dbr:Standard_&_Poor's
dbp:currentAccount: −£15.8 billion
dbp:debt: * 102.8% of GDP * £2.382 trillion * 102.3% of GDP * £2.204 trillion
dbp:edbr: 8
dbp:exportGoods: beverages tobacco Manufactured goods chemicals fuels food
dbp:exportPartners: 6.6 6.9 8.7 3.6 3.1 6.0 18.6
dbp:exports: 7.42E11
dbp:fdi: Inward: $1.196 trillion Outward: $1.443 trillion
dbp:gdp: 3.198E12 3.776E12
dbp:gdpRank: 6 9
dbp:gini: 33.5
dbp:grossExternalDebt: 7.499E12
dbp:growth: *
dbp:hdi: 0.929 0.85
dbp:importGoods: fuels machinery foodstuffs Manufactured goods
dbp:importPartners: 6.8 10.9 6.4 5.2 4.9 7.4 11.6 4.4
dbp:imports: 7.527E11
dbp:industries: Information technology Hospitality and leisure Processed metals Consumer goods dbr:Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom Business and professional services Retailing Industrial equipment Utilities Scientific equipment Electronics dbr:Media_of_the_United_Kingdom Chemicals Food and beverages dbr:Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom Transportation and logistics Defence equipment dbr:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Healthcare_in_the_United_Kingdom Entertainment dbr:Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Education_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Financial_services_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom
dbp:inflation: 10.1
dbp:labor: 34699630 75.59999999999999
dbp:niip: 5.75E11
dbp:organs: WTO and OECD
dbp:perCapita: 47318.0 55862.0
dbp:perCapitaRank: 22 28
dbp:poverty: 24 23.1
dbp:sectors: agriculture: 0.6% services: 80.2% industry: 19.2%
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