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- Die Mercator-Weltkarte von 1569 (Kurztitel des Originals Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum navigantium emendate accomodata) ist eine Weltkarte des Kartografen Gerhard Mercator. Sie erschien im Jahr 1569 und zeigt die Welt in winkeltreuer Projektion, wobei auf ihr erstmals die sogenannte Mercator-Projektion angewendet wurde. (de)
- The Mercator world map of 1569 is titled Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendate Accommodata (Renaissance Latin for "New and more complete representation of the terrestrial globe properly adapted for use in navigation"). The title shows that Gerardus Mercator aimed to present contemporary knowledge of the geography of the world and at the same time 'correct' the chart to be more useful to sailors. This 'correction', whereby constant bearing sailing courses on the sphere (rhumb lines) are mapped to straight lines on the plane map, characterizes the Mercator projection. While the map's geography has been superseded by modern knowledge, its projection proved to be one of the most significant advances in the history of cartography, inspiring map historian Nordenskiöld to write "The master of Rupelmonde stands unsurpassed in the history of cartography since the time of Ptolemy." The projection heralded a new era in the evolution of navigation maps and charts and it is still their basis. The map is inscribed with a great deal of text. The framed map legends (or cartouches) cover a wide variety of topics: a dedication to his patron and a copyright statement; discussions of rhumb lines, great circles and distances; comments on some of the major rivers; accounts of fictitious geography of the north pole and the southern continent. The full Latin texts and English translations of all the legends are given . Other minor texts are sprinkled about the map. They cover such topics as the magnetic poles, the prime meridian, navigational features, minor geographical details, the voyages of discovery and myths of giants and cannibals. These minor texts are also given . A comparison with shows how closely Mercator drew on the work of other cartographers and his own previous works, but he declares that he was also greatly indebted to many new charts prepared by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the portolan tradition. Earlier cartographers of world maps had largely ignored the more accurate practical charts of sailors, and vice versa, but the age of discovery, from the closing decade of the fifteenth century, stimulated the integration of these two mapping traditions: Mercator's world map is one of the earliest fruits of this merger. (en)
- 1569年麥卡托世界地圖標題為「Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendate Accommodata 」（文藝復興時期的拉丁文，意思是「適用於導航且更完整的全新地球儀」）。標題表明傑拉杜斯·麥卡托想要展示當代世界的地理知識，以及「修正」圖表使其變得對水手更實用。他的「修正」方式是將球體上的恆定方位航線（恆向線）映射到平面圖上的直線，這是麥卡托投影法的特徵。雖然該地圖的地理資訊已被現代知識所取代，但這種投影被證明是在地圖製作史上的里程碑，這啟發地圖歷史學家諾登舍爾德寫道：「自托勒密之後，地圖製作史上無人能及魯佩爾蒙德的大師」。麥卡托投影法預示著導航圖表進入新時代，而之後的基礎仍舊會是麥卡托投影法。 地圖上註記了大量的文字，帶框線的（或稱）涵蓋了各種主題，包括對贊助者的致謝詞以及版權聲明；關於經線、大圓和距離的討論；對一些主要河流的評論；關於北極和南部大陸地理的虛構資訊。其它次要文本則散佈在地圖上，涵蓋了磁極、本初子午線、航海特色、次要地理細節、發現之旅、巨人和食人族傳說等主題。 與1569年之前的世界地圖的相比可看出，麥卡托借鑒了其他製圖師以及他自己從前的作品，但他宣稱很大程度上也參考了葡萄牙和西班牙水手的波特蘭型海圖。早期的世界地圖製圖師大多忽略了水手們更準確的實用航海圖，反之亦然，但是從15世紀最後十年開始的大發現時代促進這兩種傳統製圖技法的整合，麥卡托世界地圖即為此次合併的早期成果 。 (zh)
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