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- M. Karunanidhi (Muthuvel Karunanidhi; Tamil: மு. கருணாநிதி Mu. Karuṇāniti [ˈkaruˌɳaːnid̪i]; * 3. Juni 1924 in ; † 7. August 2018 in Chennai) war ein indischer Politiker der Regionalpartei Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). Er war von 1969 bis zu seinem Tod 2018 Vorsitzender der tamilisch-nationalistischen DMK und diente mehrfach (1969–1976, 1989–1991, 1996–2001 und 2006–2011) als Chief Minister (Regierungschef) des Bundesstaates Tamil Nadu. Daneben war Karunanidhi ein produktiver Autor (Romancier, Dramatiker und Drehbuchautor). Von seinen Anhängern wurde er mit dem Ehrentitel Kalaignar (கலைஞர் Kalaiñar [ˈkalɛi̯ɲ̩ər] „Künstler“) bedacht. M. Karunanidhi gehörte 1949 zu den Gründungsmitgliedern der DMK. Insbesondere in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren arbeitete er als Drehbuch- und Dialogautor für die tamilische Filmindustrie und trug durch seine Arbeiten dazu bei, den tamilischen Film zu einem Vehikel der DMK-Parteipropaganda zu machen. Karunanidhi stieg zu einem der einflussreichsten Politiker der DMK auf und übernahm nach dem Tod des Parteigründers C. N. Annadurai 1969 dessen Nachfolge als Chief Minister und Parteiführer. In den 1970er-Jahren überwarf er sich mit dem Schauspieler und Politiker M. G. Ramachandran, der daraufhin die AIADMK-Partei gründete und Karunanidhi als Chief Minister ablöste. Nach M. G. Ramachandrans Tod wurde Karunanidhi als Chief Minister wiedergewählt. Seit den 1990er-Jahren prägte die Rivalität zwischen M. Karunanidhi und der AIADMK-Führerin J. Jayalalithaa, die sich mehrfach im Amt des Chief Ministers abwechselten, die Politik Tamil Nadus. (de)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He was popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after a series of prolonged, age-related illnesses. Karunanidhi was born in the Tamil Nadu village of Thirukkuvalai on 3 June 1924. His parents were from the Isai Vellalar caste, a caste of musicians that perform at temples and other social gatherings. Growing up in a caste-ridden culture, Karunanidhi was learned about the crippling circumstances that arose from being born into a low caste. When he was 14, he formed a student movement against the imposition of Hindi as India's national language during the Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40. This served as a forerunner to Karunanidhi's wider anti-Hindi demonstrations in 1965. As a high school student, Karunanidhi created the Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram, the Dravidian Movement's first student wing. He also started a news paper during his school days, which grew into the Murasoli, the DMK's official publication. Karunanidhi began participating in theatrical productions at a young age, including composing plays. Later on, he started writing for movies. As a writer, he wrote screenplays, historical novels, screenplays, biographies, poems and novels. He utilized his writing to propagate reformist ideals effectively. He wrote the script and dialogue for M.G. Ramachandran's (MGR) maiden film as a hero, Rajakumari. He also composed the dialogue for Sivaji Ganesan's debut film, Parasakthi. He was critical of organized religion and superstition. He was an atheist and a self-described rationalist. Karunanidhi started his political career in 1957, when he was voted to the Madras state legislature. When the DMK first entered the state legislature the following year, he was named treasurer and deputy leader of the opposition. Karunanidhi ascended quickly through the ranks. After the death of C.N. Annadurai in 1969, he became the DMK's leader and Chief minister of Tamil Nadu and led the party to a landslide win in the 1971 Assembly elections. He was influenced by the rationalist and egalitarian ideology of Periyar and DMK founder C N Annadurai. Karunanidhi was among those who fought Indira Gandhi's Emergency in 1975 which led to governments getting dismissed in 1976. In the 1976 Assembly elections, he gave the Congress 50 percent of the seats, but the partnership fell apart, and MGR prevailed. After MGR's death in 1989, he led the party to power. His administration was dismissed in 1991 for its alleged links with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). He came to power in the state in 1996 after forming a partnership with the Tamil Maanila Congress and joined the United Front led by Deve Gowda in the center. His party allied with the BJP in 1999. He was arrested from his house in 2001 by the police on the orders of Jayalalitha as an act of vendetta over alleged losses in construction of fly-overs. In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004, he teamed up with the Congress and won by a landslide. He became a chief minister again in 2006. In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, he contested alone and lost. In 2016, he made the DMK become the Tamil Nadu Assembly's biggest opposition party. During his political career, Karunanidhi advocated for increased state autonomy and affirmative action to favour lower castes. He implemented a caste-based quota system for government employment and government school students, as well as subsidies to the poor. His initiatives were quickly adopted in other Indian states. His initiatives earned him popularity among the lower castes. He was frequently confronted with accusations of nepotism. He has also stirred controversies by publicly supporting the LTTE and other separatist groups in Sri Lanka. During his different tenures, he implemented a number of initiatives aimed at promoting the expansion of industry in the state. He was also instrumental in erecting a 133-foot monument of Thiruvalluvar in Kanyakumari and ensuring classical language status to Tamil language. (en)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi 3 Juni 1924 – 7 Agustus 2018) adalah seorang politikus India, Presiden partai politik DMK dan Ketua Menteri Tamil Nadu ke-3. Ia menjadi Ketua Menteri untuk pertama kalinya pada 1969. Pada 13 Mei 2006, ia menjadi Ketua Menteri untuk kelima kalinya. Ia juga dikenal karena karya-karya tulisnya dalam industri film Tamil. (in)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (né 3 juin 1924 et mort le 7 août 2018) est un homme politique indien qui a été premier ministre de l'État du Tamil Nadu pendant cinq mandats entre 1969 et 2011. Il est président du parti politique Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam depuis 1969. En soixante ans de carrière politique, il est connu pour avoir remporté chaque élection à laquelle il s'est présenté. Avant sa carrière politique, il était scénariste de cinéma à Kollywood. Il est surnommé « Kalaignar » (« l'artiste ») par ses partisans. (fr)
- M・カルナーニディ（மு. கருணாநிதி : M. Karunanidhi、1924年6月3日 - 2018年8月7日）は、タミル人の政治家、文学者。タミル・ナードゥ州のドラーヴィダ進歩党の創立者たちの一人であり、同党の党首を務めた。また同州の州首相を非連続ながら合計で5期務めた。 (ja)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (tamil. மு. கருணாநிதி; ur. 3 czerwca 1924 w , zm. 7 sierpnia 2018 w Ćennaj) – indyjski polityk, scenarzysta, producent filmowy, pisarz, dziennikarz, wydawca, poeta i dramaturg. Pięciokrotny premier rządu stanowego Tamilnadu (1969–1971, 1971–1976, 1989–1991, 1996–2001 oraz od 2006 do 2011). (pl)
- M. Karunanidhi, född 3 juni 1924 i Thirukkuvalai i Tamil Nadu, död 7 augusti 2018 på Kauvery Hospital i Chennai, var en indisk politiker. Han var premiärminister (Chief Minister) i delstaten Tamil Nadu och partiledare för Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. (sv)
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- Muthuvel Karunanidhi 3 Juni 1924 – 7 Agustus 2018) adalah seorang politikus India, Presiden partai politik DMK dan Ketua Menteri Tamil Nadu ke-3. Ia menjadi Ketua Menteri untuk pertama kalinya pada 1969. Pada 13 Mei 2006, ia menjadi Ketua Menteri untuk kelima kalinya. Ia juga dikenal karena karya-karya tulisnya dalam industri film Tamil. (in)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (né 3 juin 1924 et mort le 7 août 2018) est un homme politique indien qui a été premier ministre de l'État du Tamil Nadu pendant cinq mandats entre 1969 et 2011. Il est président du parti politique Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam depuis 1969. En soixante ans de carrière politique, il est connu pour avoir remporté chaque élection à laquelle il s'est présenté. Avant sa carrière politique, il était scénariste de cinéma à Kollywood. Il est surnommé « Kalaignar » (« l'artiste ») par ses partisans. (fr)
- M・カルナーニディ（மு. கருணாநிதி : M. Karunanidhi、1924年6月3日 - 2018年8月7日）は、タミル人の政治家、文学者。タミル・ナードゥ州のドラーヴィダ進歩党の創立者たちの一人であり、同党の党首を務めた。また同州の州首相を非連続ながら合計で5期務めた。 (ja)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (tamil. மு. கருணாநிதி; ur. 3 czerwca 1924 w , zm. 7 sierpnia 2018 w Ćennaj) – indyjski polityk, scenarzysta, producent filmowy, pisarz, dziennikarz, wydawca, poeta i dramaturg. Pięciokrotny premier rządu stanowego Tamilnadu (1969–1971, 1971–1976, 1989–1991, 1996–2001 oraz od 2006 do 2011). (pl)
- M. Karunanidhi, född 3 juni 1924 i Thirukkuvalai i Tamil Nadu, död 7 augusti 2018 på Kauvery Hospital i Chennai, var en indisk politiker. Han var premiärminister (Chief Minister) i delstaten Tamil Nadu och partiledare för Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. (sv)
- M. Karunanidhi (Muthuvel Karunanidhi; Tamil: மு. கருணாநிதி Mu. Karuṇāniti [ˈkaruˌɳaːnid̪i]; * 3. Juni 1924 in ; † 7. August 2018 in Chennai) war ein indischer Politiker der Regionalpartei Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). Er war von 1969 bis zu seinem Tod 2018 Vorsitzender der tamilisch-nationalistischen DMK und diente mehrfach (1969–1976, 1989–1991, 1996–2001 und 2006–2011) als Chief Minister (Regierungschef) des Bundesstaates Tamil Nadu. Daneben war Karunanidhi ein produktiver Autor (Romancier, Dramatiker und Drehbuchautor). Von seinen Anhängern wurde er mit dem Ehrentitel Kalaignar (கலைஞர் Kalaiñar [ˈkalɛi̯ɲ̩ər] „Künstler“) bedacht. (de)
- Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He was popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil li (en)
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