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- Black Indians are Native American people – defined as Native American due to being affiliated with Native American communities and being culturally Native American – who also have significant African American heritage. Historically, certain Native American tribes have had close relations with African Americans, especially in regions where slavery was prevalent or where free people of color have historically resided. Members of the Five Civilized Tribes participated in holding enslaved African Americans in the Southeast and some enslaved or formerly enslaved people migrated with them to the West on the Trail of Tears in 1830 and later during the period of Indian Removal. In controversial actions, since the late 20th century, the Cherokee, Creek and Seminole nations tightened their rules for membership and at times excluded Freedmen who did not have at least one ancestor listed as Native American on the early 20th-century Dawes Rolls. This exclusion was later appealed in the courts, both because of the treaty conditions and in some cases because of possible inaccuracies in some of the Rolls. The Chickasaw Nation never extended citizenship to Chickasaw Freedmen. (en)
- ブラック・インディアンは、アフリカ黒人とアメリカ・インディアン両方に祖先を持つ人間、またはアメリカ・インディアンに同化して生活してきたアメリカ黒人などを指す。 (ja)
- Черные индейцы — это коренные американцы, определяемые как коренные из-за того, что они являются таковыми в культурном отношении; при этом имеют также значительное афроамериканское наследие. (ru)
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- 81831 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- United States , Oklahoma, New York and Massachusetts). (en)
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- Indigenous peoples of the Americas (en)
- Louisiana Creole (en)
- (en)
- African American (en)
- Atlantic Creole (en)
- Brass Ankles (en)
- Chestnut Ridge people (en)
- Garifuna Americans (en)
- Miskito Sambu (en)
- Redbone (en)
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- True population unknown, 269,421 identified as ethnically mixed with African and Native American on 2010 census (en)
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- ブラック・インディアンは、アフリカ黒人とアメリカ・インディアン両方に祖先を持つ人間、またはアメリカ・インディアンに同化して生活してきたアメリカ黒人などを指す。 (ja)
- Черные индейцы — это коренные американцы, определяемые как коренные из-за того, что они являются таковыми в культурном отношении; при этом имеют также значительное афроамериканское наследие. (ru)
- Black Indians are Native American people – defined as Native American due to being affiliated with Native American communities and being culturally Native American – who also have significant African American heritage. (en)
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- Black Indians in the United States (en)
- ブラック・インディアン (ja)
- Чёрные индейцы (ru)
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- Black Indians (American Indian with African ancestry) (en)
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