About: Kirishitan

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The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Christian missionaries were known as bateren (from the Portuguese word padre, "father" or "priest") or iruman (from the Portuguese irmão, "brother"). Both the transcriptions 切支丹 and 鬼利死丹 came into use during the Edo Period when Christianity was a forbidden religion.

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  • The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Modern Japanese has several words for "Christian", of which the most common are the noun form kirisuto-kyōto キリスト教徒, and also kurisuchan クリスチャン. The Japanese word kirishitan キリシタン is used primarily in Japanese texts for the early history of Roman Catholicism in Japan, or in relation to Kakure Kirishitan, hidden Christians. However, English sources on histories of Japan generally use the term "Christian" without distinction. Christian missionaries were known as bateren (from the Portuguese word padre, "father" or "priest") or iruman (from the Portuguese irmão, "brother"). Both the transcriptions 切支丹 and 鬼利死丹 came into use during the Edo Period when Christianity was a forbidden religion. Portuguese ships began arriving in Japan in 1543, with Catholic missionary activities in Japan beginning in earnest around 1549, mainly by Portuguese-sponsored Jesuits until Spanish-sponsored mendicant orders, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, gained access to Japan. Of the 95 Jesuits who worked in Japan up to 1600, 57 were Portuguese, 20 were Spaniards and 18 Italian. Francis Xavier, Cosme de Torres (a Jesuit priest), and João Fernandes were the first to arrive to Kagoshima with hopes to bring Christianity and Catholicism to Japan. At its height, Japan is estimated to have had around 300,000 Christians. Catholicism was subsequently repressed in several parts of the country and ceased to exist publicly in the 17th century. (en)
  • Kirishitan (en katakana キリシタン, en kanji por escritura fonética 吉利支丹 o 切支丹) significa cristiano(s) en japonés y hoy es usado como un término historiográfico en los textos japoneses para los cristianos en Japón en los siglos XVI y XVII. La palabra kirishitan proviene del portugués cristão (cristiano). Además, los misioneros eran conocidos en Japón como bateren, pateren (ambos provenientes de padre) o iruman (de irmão, hermano). La denominación moderna para el cristianismo en Japón es kirisuto kyo (キリスト教). El artículo Historia del catolicismo en Japón trata sobre el cristianismo en el Japón de esa época. Las actividades misioneras católicas en Japón comenzaron en 1549 desempeñadas exclusivamente por los jesuitas auspiciados por los portugueses hasta que las órdenes mendicantes auspiciadas por los españoles lograron entrar a Japón en el período de los Reinos Combatientes. El cristianismo fue perseguido en numerosas partes del país, ocurriendo matanzas; los cristianos eran considerados una secta y celebraban sus ritos en cuevas y sitios ocultos. El cristianismo dejó de existir públicamente en la Era Tokugawa en el siglo XVII.​ (es)
  • Le terme japonais kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン), du portugais « cristão », désigne les chrétiens catholiques en japonais et est utilisé dans les textes japonais comme terme historiographique pour les catholiques romains au Japon aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. (fr)
  • 기리시탄(일본어: キリシタン 키리시탄[*])은 일본 에도 시대의 크리스천, 즉 기독교 신자를 가리키는 말로, 크리스탕(포르투갈어: Cristão)에서 유래했다. 이들은 16, 17세기에 포르투갈과 스페인의 예수회 선교사들의 선교 활동으로 기독교를 받아들였으며, 1873년 일본 메이지 정부가 종교의 자유를 허용하기 전까지 가혹한 탄압을 받았다. 현재도 일본 로마 가톨릭의 중심지인 나가사키 지역에 기독교 신자들이 집중되었는데, 그 이유는 다이묘들이 기독교 신자인 경우가 많았기 때문이다. 나중에 나가사키는 로마 가톨릭교회 주교 등의 성직자들이 배출될 정도로 일본 기독교의 중심이 되었다. (ko)
  • キリシタン(吉利支丹、切支丹、ポルトガル語: Cristão, 古いポルトガル語: Christan)は、日本の戦国時代から江戸時代、更には明治の初めごろまで使われていた日本語(古語口語)である。江戸時代以降の当て字である『切死丹』『鬼理死丹』には侮蔑の意味が込められており、蔑称として使われてきた。 (ja)
  • 吉利支丹或稱切支丹,是日本戰國時代、江戶時代乃至明治初期對國內基督徒的稱呼。該詞源於葡萄牙語「cristão」。 (zh)
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  • Japanese Christians in Portuguese costume, 16th–17th century. (en)
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  • Portuguese and Spanish missionaries (en)
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  • Kirishitan (en)
  • 吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン (en)
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  • Japan, Philippines (en)
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  • Le terme japonais kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン), du portugais « cristão », désigne les chrétiens catholiques en japonais et est utilisé dans les textes japonais comme terme historiographique pour les catholiques romains au Japon aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. (fr)
  • 기리시탄(일본어: キリシタン 키리시탄[*])은 일본 에도 시대의 크리스천, 즉 기독교 신자를 가리키는 말로, 크리스탕(포르투갈어: Cristão)에서 유래했다. 이들은 16, 17세기에 포르투갈과 스페인의 예수회 선교사들의 선교 활동으로 기독교를 받아들였으며, 1873년 일본 메이지 정부가 종교의 자유를 허용하기 전까지 가혹한 탄압을 받았다. 현재도 일본 로마 가톨릭의 중심지인 나가사키 지역에 기독교 신자들이 집중되었는데, 그 이유는 다이묘들이 기독교 신자인 경우가 많았기 때문이다. 나중에 나가사키는 로마 가톨릭교회 주교 등의 성직자들이 배출될 정도로 일본 기독교의 중심이 되었다. (ko)
  • キリシタン(吉利支丹、切支丹、ポルトガル語: Cristão, 古いポルトガル語: Christan)は、日本の戦国時代から江戸時代、更には明治の初めごろまで使われていた日本語(古語口語)である。江戸時代以降の当て字である『切死丹』『鬼理死丹』には侮蔑の意味が込められており、蔑称として使われてきた。 (ja)
  • 吉利支丹或稱切支丹,是日本戰國時代、江戶時代乃至明治初期對國內基督徒的稱呼。該詞源於葡萄牙語「cristão」。 (zh)
  • Kirishitan (en katakana キリシタン, en kanji por escritura fonética 吉利支丹 o 切支丹) significa cristiano(s) en japonés y hoy es usado como un término historiográfico en los textos japoneses para los cristianos en Japón en los siglos XVI y XVII. La palabra kirishitan proviene del portugués cristão (cristiano). Además, los misioneros eran conocidos en Japón como bateren, pateren (ambos provenientes de padre) o iruman (de irmão, hermano). La denominación moderna para el cristianismo en Japón es kirisuto kyo (キリスト教). (es)
  • The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Christian missionaries were known as bateren (from the Portuguese word padre, "father" or "priest") or iruman (from the Portuguese irmão, "brother"). Both the transcriptions 切支丹 and 鬼利死丹 came into use during the Edo Period when Christianity was a forbidden religion. (en)
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  • Κιρισιτάν (el)
  • Kirishitan (es)
  • Kirishitan (fr)
  • Kirishitan (en)
  • キリシタン (ja)
  • 기리시탄 (ko)
  • 吉利支丹 (zh)
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