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The composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) was a process that involved multiple authors over an extended period of time. While Jewish tradition holds that all five books were originally written by Moses sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE, leading scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship since the 17th century.

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  • The composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) was a process that involved multiple authors over an extended period of time. While Jewish tradition holds that all five books were originally written by Moses sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE, leading scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship since the 17th century. The precise process by which the Torah was composed, the number of authors involved, and the date of each author remain hotly contested among scholars. Some scholars, such as Rolf Rendtorff, espouse a fragmentary hypothesis, in which the Pentateuch is seen as a compilation of short, independent narratives, which were gradually brought together into larger units in two editorial phases: the Deuteronomic and the Priestly phases. By contrast, scholars such as John Van Seters advocate a supplementary hypothesis, which posits that the Torah is the result of two major additions—Yahwist and Priestly—to an existing corpus of work. Other scholars, such as Richard Elliott Friedman or Joel S. Baden, support a revised version of the documentary hypothesis, holding that the Torah was composed by using four different sources—Yahwist, Elohist, Priestly and Deuteronomist—that were combined into one in the Persian period. Scholars frequently use these newer hypotheses in combination with each other, making it difficult to classify contemporary theories as strictly one or another. The general trend in recent scholarship is to recognize the final form of the Torah as a literary and ideological unity, based on earlier sources, likely completed during the Persian period (539-333 BCE). (en)
  • La composición de la Torá (o Pentateuco, los cinco primeros libros de la Biblia: Génesis, Éxodo, Levítico, Números y Deuteronomio) fue un proceso que involucró a múltiples autores durante un período prolongado de tiempo.​ Si bien la tradición judía sostiene que los cinco libros fueron escritos originalmente por Moisés en algún momento del II milenio a. C., para el siglo XVII los principales estudiosos ya habían rechazado la autoría mosaica.​ El proceso preciso por el cual se compuso la Torá, el número de autores involucrados y la fecha de cada autor siguen siendo muy controvertidos entre los académicos.​ Algunos estudiosos propugnan una , en la cual el Pentateuco es visto como una compilación de narraciones cortas e independientes, que gradualmente se unieron en unidades mayores en dos fases editoriales: las fases Deuteronómica (D) y Sacerdotal (S).​​​ Por el contrario, estudiosos como John Van Seters abogan por una , que postula que la Torá es el resultado de dos adiciones principales, Yahvista (J) y Sacerdotal, a un corpus de trabajo ya existente.​Otros eruditos, como Richard Elliott Friedman o Joel S. Baden, apoyan una versión revisada de la hipótesis documentaria, sosteniendo que la Torá se compuso utilizando cuatro fuentes diferentes: Yahvista, Elohista, Sacerdotal y Deuteronómica, que se combinaron en una en el periodo persa.​​ Los estudiosos usan con frecuencia estas nuevas hipótesis en combinación entre sí, lo que dificulta la clasificación de las teorías contemporáneas como estrictamente una u otra.​ La tendencia general en los estudios recientes es reconocer la forma final de la Torá como una unidad literaria e ideológica, basada en fuentes anteriores, completada probablemente durante el (539–333 a. C.).​​​ (es)
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  • The composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) was a process that involved multiple authors over an extended period of time. While Jewish tradition holds that all five books were originally written by Moses sometime in the 2nd millennium BCE, leading scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship since the 17th century. (en)
  • La composición de la Torá (o Pentateuco, los cinco primeros libros de la Biblia: Génesis, Éxodo, Levítico, Números y Deuteronomio) fue un proceso que involucró a múltiples autores durante un período prolongado de tiempo.​ Si bien la tradición judía sostiene que los cinco libros fueron escritos originalmente por Moisés en algún momento del II milenio a. C., para el siglo XVII los principales estudiosos ya habían rechazado la autoría mosaica.​ (es)
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  • Composition of the Torah (en)
  • Composición de la Torá (es)
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