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Biblical minimalism, also known as the Copenhagen School because two of its most prominent figures taught at Copenhagen University, is a movement or trend in biblical scholarship that began in the 1990s with two main claims: 1. * that the Bible cannot be considered reliable evidence for what had happened in ancient Israel; and 2. * that "Israel" itself is a problematic subject for historical study. Since the 1990s, while some of the minimalist arguments have been challenged or rejected, others have been refined and adopted into the mainstream of biblical scholarship.

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  • مدرسة كوبنهاغن للدرسات الكتابية (The Copenhagen School) أو المدرسة المعتدلة (minimalist school) هي مدرسة للتفسير الكتابي نشأت عن النقد العالي تؤكد أن الكتاب المقدس يمكن قراءته وتحليله كمجموعة قصص وليس كوصف تاريخي دقيق لأحداث قبل تاريخية في الشرق الأوسط. (ar)
  • Biblical minimalism, also known as the Copenhagen School because two of its most prominent figures taught at Copenhagen University, is a movement or trend in biblical scholarship that began in the 1990s with two main claims: 1. * that the Bible cannot be considered reliable evidence for what had happened in ancient Israel; and 2. * that "Israel" itself is a problematic subject for historical study. Minimalism is not a unified movement, but rather a label that came to be applied to several scholars at different universities who held similar views, chiefly Niels Peter Lemche and Thomas L. Thompson at the University of Copenhagen, Philip R. Davies, and Keith Whitelam. Minimalism gave rise to intense debate during the 1990s—the term "minimalists" was in fact a derogatory one given by its opponents, who were consequently dubbed "maximalists", but in fact neither side accepted either label. Maximalists, or neo-Albrightians, are composed of two quite distinct groups, the first represented by the archaeologist William Dever and the influential publication Biblical Archaeology Review, the second by biblical scholar Iain Provan and Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen. Although these debates were in some cases heated, most scholars occupied the middle ground evaluating the arguments of both schools critically. Since the 1990s, while some of the minimalist arguments have been challenged or rejected, others have been refined and adopted into the mainstream of biblical scholarship. (en)
  • Minimalisme Alkitab, juga disebut sebagai Mazhab Kopenhagen karena dua tokoh utamanya mengajar di Universitas Kopenhagen, adalah sebuah gerakan atau tren dalam yang dimulai pada 1990an dengan dua klaim utama: 1. * bahwa Alkitab tak dapat dianggap sumber layak bagi apa yang telah terjadi di Israel kuno; dan 2. * bahwa "Israel" itu sendiri adalah subyek permasalahan bagi kajian sejarah. Minimalisme bukanlah gerakan bersatu, namun lebih kepada label yang diberikan kepada beberapa cendekiawan di universitas berbeda yang memegang pandangan serupa, terutama dan di Universitas Kopenhagen, , dan . (in)
  • Le minimalisme biblique est un courant de pensée né à la fin des années 1960 qui s'oppose à l'archéologie biblique (mouvement tombé en désuétude à partir des années 1970) et nie toute valeur historique à la Bible non corroborée par des preuves archéologiques. Ce mouvement est également appelé « École de Copenhague » parce que deux de ses fondateurs ont enseigné à l'université de Copenhague : Niels Peter Lemche et Thomas L. Thompson. (fr)
  • L'espressione Minimalismo biblico (noto anche come Scuola di Copenaghen) si riferisce alla tendenza nell'ambito dell'esegesi biblica che sottolinea con vigore il primato dell'archeologia nel ricostruire una credibile storia dell'Israele storico. (it)
  • Köpenhamnsskolan (också känd som biblisk minimalism bland belackare) är en skolbildning inom exegetiken som behandlar Bibeln som en rent mytisk litteratur snarare än som historieskrivning. Inom detta paradigm skall arkeologin användas för rekonstruktion av historien och Bibeln har inget värde i sammanhanget. Detta kontrasterar mot vissa närmanden till Bibeln och historien som ser ett visst historiskt värde i åtminstone delar av Bibeln, särskilt i delar av Gamla Testamentet. Minimalistiska forskare daterar alla eller de flesta böckerna i Gamla Testamentet till en period århundraden senare än de flesta forskare. De ser det som litterärt skapande snarare än som historia som förmedlats vidare genom muntlig tradition. Nyckelpersoner som förknippas med Köpenhamnsskolan är, utöver Thomas L. Thompson och Niels Peter Lemche, och . (sv)
  • O minimalismo bíblico, também conhecido como Escola de Copenhague por duas de suas figuras mais proeminentes terem ensinado na Universidade de Copenhague, é um movimento ou tendência na erudição bíblica que começou na década de 1990 com duas reivindicações principais: 1. * que a Bíblia não pode ser considerada evidência confiável para o que aconteceu no antigo Israel; e 2. * que o próprio "Israel" é um assunto problemático para o estudo histórico. O minimalismo não é um movimento unificado, mas sim um rótulo que passou a ser aplicado a vários acadêmicos em diferentes universidades que tinham pontos de vista semelhantes, principalmente [en] e [en] da Universidade de Copenhagen, [en] e Keith Whitelam. O minimalismo deu origem a um intenso debate durante os anos 1990 - o termo "minimalistas" era na verdade um termo depreciativo dado por seus oponentes, que foram consequentemente apelidados de "maximalistas", mas na verdade nenhum dos lados aceitou nenhum dos rótulos. Os maximalistas, são compostos por dois grupos bastante distintos, o primeiro representado pelo arqueólogo William Dever e a influente publicação Biblical Archaeology Review, o segundo pelo estudioso bíblico [en] e pelo egiptólogo Kenneth Kitchen. Embora esses debates tenham sido em alguns casos acalorados, a maioria dos estudiosos ocupou o meio-termo avaliando os argumentos de ambas as escolas criticamente. Desde a década de 1990, embora alguns dos argumentos minimalistas tenham sido contestados ou rejeitados, outros foram refinados e adotados na corrente principal da erudição bíblica. (pt)
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  • مدرسة كوبنهاغن للدرسات الكتابية (The Copenhagen School) أو المدرسة المعتدلة (minimalist school) هي مدرسة للتفسير الكتابي نشأت عن النقد العالي تؤكد أن الكتاب المقدس يمكن قراءته وتحليله كمجموعة قصص وليس كوصف تاريخي دقيق لأحداث قبل تاريخية في الشرق الأوسط. (ar)
  • Le minimalisme biblique est un courant de pensée né à la fin des années 1960 qui s'oppose à l'archéologie biblique (mouvement tombé en désuétude à partir des années 1970) et nie toute valeur historique à la Bible non corroborée par des preuves archéologiques. Ce mouvement est également appelé « École de Copenhague » parce que deux de ses fondateurs ont enseigné à l'université de Copenhague : Niels Peter Lemche et Thomas L. Thompson. (fr)
  • L'espressione Minimalismo biblico (noto anche come Scuola di Copenaghen) si riferisce alla tendenza nell'ambito dell'esegesi biblica che sottolinea con vigore il primato dell'archeologia nel ricostruire una credibile storia dell'Israele storico. (it)
  • Biblical minimalism, also known as the Copenhagen School because two of its most prominent figures taught at Copenhagen University, is a movement or trend in biblical scholarship that began in the 1990s with two main claims: 1. * that the Bible cannot be considered reliable evidence for what had happened in ancient Israel; and 2. * that "Israel" itself is a problematic subject for historical study. Since the 1990s, while some of the minimalist arguments have been challenged or rejected, others have been refined and adopted into the mainstream of biblical scholarship. (en)
  • Minimalisme Alkitab, juga disebut sebagai Mazhab Kopenhagen karena dua tokoh utamanya mengajar di Universitas Kopenhagen, adalah sebuah gerakan atau tren dalam yang dimulai pada 1990an dengan dua klaim utama: 1. * bahwa Alkitab tak dapat dianggap sumber layak bagi apa yang telah terjadi di Israel kuno; dan 2. * bahwa "Israel" itu sendiri adalah subyek permasalahan bagi kajian sejarah. (in)
  • Köpenhamnsskolan (också känd som biblisk minimalism bland belackare) är en skolbildning inom exegetiken som behandlar Bibeln som en rent mytisk litteratur snarare än som historieskrivning. Inom detta paradigm skall arkeologin användas för rekonstruktion av historien och Bibeln har inget värde i sammanhanget. Detta kontrasterar mot vissa närmanden till Bibeln och historien som ser ett visst historiskt värde i åtminstone delar av Bibeln, särskilt i delar av Gamla Testamentet. Minimalistiska forskare daterar alla eller de flesta böckerna i Gamla Testamentet till en period århundraden senare än de flesta forskare. De ser det som litterärt skapande snarare än som historia som förmedlats vidare genom muntlig tradition. Nyckelpersoner som förknippas med Köpenhamnsskolan är, utöver Thomas L. Thomp (sv)
  • O minimalismo bíblico, também conhecido como Escola de Copenhague por duas de suas figuras mais proeminentes terem ensinado na Universidade de Copenhague, é um movimento ou tendência na erudição bíblica que começou na década de 1990 com duas reivindicações principais: 1. * que a Bíblia não pode ser considerada evidência confiável para o que aconteceu no antigo Israel; e 2. * que o próprio "Israel" é um assunto problemático para o estudo histórico. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • مدرسة كوبنهاغن (ثيولوجيا) (ar)
  • Biblical minimalism (en)
  • Minimalisme Alkitab (in)
  • Minimalisme biblique (fr)
  • Minimalismo biblico (it)
  • Minimalismo bíblico (pt)
  • Köpenhamnsskolan (teologi) (sv)
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