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Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist / Daoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the traditional Chinese understanding of medicine and the body. According to original texts such as the Cantong qi, the body is understood as the focus of cosmological processes summarized in the five agents of change, or Wuxing, the observation and cultivation of which leads the practitioner into alignment and harmony with the Tao. Therefore, the traditional view in China is that alchemy focuses mainly on longevity and the purification of one's spirit, mind and body, providing, health, longevity and wisdom, through the practice of Qigong, wuxingheqidao. The consumption and use of various concoctions known as alchem

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  • Chinesische Alchemie kommt im Kontext des Daoismus vor. In chinesischen Quellen wird die Alchemie häufig Jindan zhi dao (chinesisch 金丹之道, Pinyin jīndān zhī dào) genannt, „Weg des Goldenen Elixiers“. Der Begriff Elixier bezieht sich auf das Lebenselixier oder Elixier der Unsterblichkeit. Chinesische Alchemie wird in modernen Forschungen unterteilt in Waidan und Neidan. Waidan (外丹, wàidān – „äußerer Zinnober, äußeres Elixier“) bezeichnet die chinesische Alchemie in ihrer äußeren Form, im Gegensatz zu Neidan (内丹, nèidān – „innerer Zinnober, inneres Elixier“), der inneren Alchemie. Die beiden Begriffe entwickelten sich jedoch im Neidan selbst, der damit zunächst bestimmte Stufen der Praxis der Alchemie bezeichnete. (de)
  • Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist / Daoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the traditional Chinese understanding of medicine and the body. According to original texts such as the Cantong qi, the body is understood as the focus of cosmological processes summarized in the five agents of change, or Wuxing, the observation and cultivation of which leads the practitioner into alignment and harmony with the Tao. Therefore, the traditional view in China is that alchemy focuses mainly on longevity and the purification of one's spirit, mind and body, providing, health, longevity and wisdom, through the practice of Qigong, wuxingheqidao. The consumption and use of various concoctions known as alchemical medicines or elixirs, each of which having different purposes but largely were concerned with immortality. Pao zhi (炮制;Pao chi) or Processing (Chinese materia medica) is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, such as honey or wine frying and roasting with toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic. Daoism had two distinct parts, the classical Daojia (道家 Tao chia), which was mystical and stemmed primarily from Laozi and Zhuangzi, and the more popular Daojiao (道教 Tao chiao), which was the popular, magical and alchemical side of Daoism. In general, classical Daojia was more austere, whereas Daojiao was more practiced by the general populace. Chinese alchemy was introduced to the West by Obed Simon Johnson. (en)
  • Ayant pris très tôt pour objectif principal la création de "pilules" de longue vie, l’alchimie taoïste est pratiquée en Chine dès les Han occidentaux par des membres des courants philosophique chinois qui constitueront le taoïsme, en même temps que d’autres techniques à but similaire : médecine, gymnastique daoyin, respiration, pratiques sexuelles ou méditations. Elle fournit à cette pratique une grande partie de son langage métaphorique et au moins 1/5 des textes du Canon en traitent spécifiquement. S’éloignant de l’expérimentation proto-chimique pour se concentrer sur la reproduction symbolique des évolutions cosmologiques, elle adopte bientôt les mêmes bases doctrinales que les courants spirituels : Yin-Yang, théorie des Cinq éléments, transmutations du dao, etc. Par ailleurs, le corps humain remplace progressivement le creuset, et ses composantes (souffle, essence, esprit, etc.) prennent la place des matières premières. L’alchimie externe waidan (外丹) et ses élixirs souvent toxiques cèdent la place à l’alchimie interne neidan (內丹) qui domine dès la fin des Tang. Les alchimistes exercent longtemps indépendamment ou en petits groupes maitre-disciples sans constituer de grandes écoles. Des courants centrés sur l’alchimie interne apparaissent sous les Tang et surtout sous les Jin/Song avec Quanzhen, l’une des grandes écoles taoïstes du XIIe siècle à nos jours. Le courant des alchimistes du Sud se constitue à son imitation un siècle plus tard. (fr)
  • 錬丹術(れんたんじゅつ)は、中国の道士の術の一つ。服用すると不老不死の仙人になれる霊薬(仙丹)をつくる。煉丹術とも書く。 (ja)
  • 연단술(練丹術)은 고대 중국의 도사가 부리던 기술의 하나이다. 진사 등의 금속에서 추출한 액상수은(한국 한자: 丹)을 먹어서 불로불사의 선인(신선)이 되거나, 비금속을 금으로 바꾸는 영약(선단한국 한자: 仙丹)을 만드는 기술이다. 비금속을 귀금속으로 바꾸는 힘을 가진 불로불사의 엘릭서 현자의 돌(제5원소) 제조를 목적으로 하는 연금술과는 공통부분이 많다. 그러나 연금(금 제조)를 목적으로 하는 서양의 연금술과 대조적으로, 연단술은 불로불사를 주목적으로 한다는 점에서 연금술과 구분된다. (ko)
  • A alquimia chinesa está relacionada ao taoísmo, consequentemente, seus praticantes utilizam conceitos tais como: os Cinco Elementos; o Tao, a relação entre Yin e Yang; o Ki; o I-Ching; a astrologia chinesa; os princípios do feng shui, e da medicina tradicional chinesa. O principal objetivo dos alquimistas chineses era fabricar o elixir da longa vida (também chamado por eles de Pílula da Imortalidade, Elixir da Imortalidade, Elixir do Retorno - Huan Dan ou ainda Elixir de Ouro - Jin Dan). A busca pela pedra filosofal e o homunculus, conceitos importantes para a alquimia ocidental, não se encontram entre seus objetivos. A alquimia chinesa usa a mesma linguagem simbólica que mais tarde a alquimia ocidental adotaria. A alquimia chinesa não está diretamente ligada à metalurgia, talvez por carecer de minérios ou pelo devagar desenvolvimento dessas técnicas na China. (pt)
  • Внешняя алхимия (кит. трад. 外丹術, упр. 外丹术, пиньинь wàidānshù, палл. вай дань шу) — раздел даосской науки о бессмертии, в которой предполагается, что долголетия или бессмертия можно достичь, принимая медикаменты, приготовленные особым образом. (ru)
  • 古時炼丹术的传授大多师徒相承,口口相授,外人很难了解。分為外丹和内丹,兩者用语相同,但是所指代的含义则完全不同,比如把人体比喻为烧炼丹丸的炉鼎,不過理論上還是具有相通性。 (zh)
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  • Chinesische Alchemie kommt im Kontext des Daoismus vor. In chinesischen Quellen wird die Alchemie häufig Jindan zhi dao (chinesisch 金丹之道, Pinyin jīndān zhī dào) genannt, „Weg des Goldenen Elixiers“. Der Begriff Elixier bezieht sich auf das Lebenselixier oder Elixier der Unsterblichkeit. Chinesische Alchemie wird in modernen Forschungen unterteilt in Waidan und Neidan. Waidan (外丹, wàidān – „äußerer Zinnober, äußeres Elixier“) bezeichnet die chinesische Alchemie in ihrer äußeren Form, im Gegensatz zu Neidan (内丹, nèidān – „innerer Zinnober, inneres Elixier“), der inneren Alchemie. Die beiden Begriffe entwickelten sich jedoch im Neidan selbst, der damit zunächst bestimmte Stufen der Praxis der Alchemie bezeichnete. (de)
  • 錬丹術(れんたんじゅつ)は、中国の道士の術の一つ。服用すると不老不死の仙人になれる霊薬(仙丹)をつくる。煉丹術とも書く。 (ja)
  • 연단술(練丹術)은 고대 중국의 도사가 부리던 기술의 하나이다. 진사 등의 금속에서 추출한 액상수은(한국 한자: 丹)을 먹어서 불로불사의 선인(신선)이 되거나, 비금속을 금으로 바꾸는 영약(선단한국 한자: 仙丹)을 만드는 기술이다. 비금속을 귀금속으로 바꾸는 힘을 가진 불로불사의 엘릭서 현자의 돌(제5원소) 제조를 목적으로 하는 연금술과는 공통부분이 많다. 그러나 연금(금 제조)를 목적으로 하는 서양의 연금술과 대조적으로, 연단술은 불로불사를 주목적으로 한다는 점에서 연금술과 구분된다. (ko)
  • Внешняя алхимия (кит. трад. 外丹術, упр. 外丹术, пиньинь wàidānshù, палл. вай дань шу) — раздел даосской науки о бессмертии, в которой предполагается, что долголетия или бессмертия можно достичь, принимая медикаменты, приготовленные особым образом. (ru)
  • 古時炼丹术的传授大多师徒相承,口口相授,外人很难了解。分為外丹和内丹,兩者用语相同,但是所指代的含义则完全不同,比如把人体比喻为烧炼丹丸的炉鼎,不過理論上還是具有相通性。 (zh)
  • Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist / Daoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the traditional Chinese understanding of medicine and the body. According to original texts such as the Cantong qi, the body is understood as the focus of cosmological processes summarized in the five agents of change, or Wuxing, the observation and cultivation of which leads the practitioner into alignment and harmony with the Tao. Therefore, the traditional view in China is that alchemy focuses mainly on longevity and the purification of one's spirit, mind and body, providing, health, longevity and wisdom, through the practice of Qigong, wuxingheqidao. The consumption and use of various concoctions known as alchem (en)
  • Ayant pris très tôt pour objectif principal la création de "pilules" de longue vie, l’alchimie taoïste est pratiquée en Chine dès les Han occidentaux par des membres des courants philosophique chinois qui constitueront le taoïsme, en même temps que d’autres techniques à but similaire : médecine, gymnastique daoyin, respiration, pratiques sexuelles ou méditations. Elle fournit à cette pratique une grande partie de son langage métaphorique et au moins 1/5 des textes du Canon en traitent spécifiquement. S’éloignant de l’expérimentation proto-chimique pour se concentrer sur la reproduction symbolique des évolutions cosmologiques, elle adopte bientôt les mêmes bases doctrinales que les courants spirituels : Yin-Yang, théorie des Cinq éléments, transmutations du dao, etc. Par ailleurs, le corps (fr)
  • A alquimia chinesa está relacionada ao taoísmo, consequentemente, seus praticantes utilizam conceitos tais como: os Cinco Elementos; o Tao, a relação entre Yin e Yang; o Ki; o I-Ching; a astrologia chinesa; os princípios do feng shui, e da medicina tradicional chinesa. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Chinese alchemy (en)
  • Chinesische Alchemie (de)
  • Alchimie taoïste (fr)
  • 연단술 (ko)
  • 錬丹術 (ja)
  • Alquimia chinesa (pt)
  • Внешняя алхимия (ru)
  • 炼丹 (zh)
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