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- Ninkarrak (Akkadian: đ’€đ’Š©đ’Ś†đ’‹Ľđ’€€đ’ŠŹđ’€ť, dnin-kar-ra-ak) was a goddess of medicine worshiped chiefly in northern Mesopotamia and Syria. It has been proposed that her name originates in either Akkadian or an unidentified substrate language possibly spoken in parts of modern Syria, rather than in Sumerian. It is assumed that inconsistent orthography reflects ancient scholarly attempts at making it more closely resemble Sumerian theonyms. The best attested temples dedicated to her existed in Sippar in modern Iraq and in Terqa in modern Syria. Finds from excavations undertaken at the site of the latter were used as evidence in more precisely dating the history of the region. Further attestations are available from northern Mesopotamia, including the kingdom of Apum, Assyria and the Diyala area, from various southern Mesopotamian cities like Larsa, Nippur and possibly Uruk, as well as from Ugarit and Emar. It is also possible that Ninkar from the texts from Ebla and Nikarawa attested in Luwian inscriptions from Carchemish were the same goddess. Like a number of other healing goddesses, Ninkarrak was described as a divine physician. She shared her role in the Mesopotamian pantheon with deities such as Gula, Ninisina, Nintinugga and Bau. Dogs were regarded a symbol of her, as well as multiple other of these goddesses. While she was sometimes identified with other similar deities, certain traits were unique to her. Together with the distribution of evidence of her cult they serve as an indication that even if partially syncretised, individual Mesopotamian goddesses of medicine had distinct origins. It is possible that Ninkarrak only developed into a healing goddess due to already being associated with disease in curse formulas, in which she appears frequently as early as in the Akkadian Empire. In the context of those texts she could be paired with Ishara. (en)
- Ninkarrak (aksara paku: đ’€đ’Š©đ’Ś†đ’‹Ľđ’€€đ’ŠŹđ’€ť, dnin-kar-ra-ak) adalah dewi penyembuhan yang disembah terutama di Suriah dan Mesopotamia Hulu. Asalnya diduga dari Akkadia atau Suriah, dan bukan Sumeria. Sebuah kuil yang sangat terkenal didedikasikan untuknya ditemukan di Terqa. Temuan dari penggaliannya dianggap sangat penting dalam menentukan penanggalan sejarah wilayah tersebut. Dia dianggap sebagai dewi tabib, peran bersama dengan dewi Gula, Ninisina, Nintinugga dan Bau. Anjing adalah simbolnya, serta beberapa dewi penyembuhan lainnya. Sementara dia terkadang diidentifikasi dengan dewa serupa lainnya, sifat-sifat tertentu, seperti asosiasi dengan dewi Suriah Ishara, adalah unik baginya. Bersama dengan distribusi bukti kultusnya, mereka berfungsi sebagai indikasi bahwa meskipun sebagian disinkronkan, masing-masing dewi penyembuhan Mesopotamia memiliki asal-usul yang berbeda. (in)
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| rdfs:comment
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- Ninkarrak (Akkadian: đ’€đ’Š©đ’Ś†đ’‹Ľđ’€€đ’ŠŹđ’€ť, dnin-kar-ra-ak) was a goddess of medicine worshiped chiefly in northern Mesopotamia and Syria. It has been proposed that her name originates in either Akkadian or an unidentified substrate language possibly spoken in parts of modern Syria, rather than in Sumerian. It is assumed that inconsistent orthography reflects ancient scholarly attempts at making it more closely resemble Sumerian theonyms. The best attested temples dedicated to her existed in Sippar in modern Iraq and in Terqa in modern Syria. Finds from excavations undertaken at the site of the latter were used as evidence in more precisely dating the history of the region. Further attestations are available from northern Mesopotamia, including the kingdom of Apum, Assyria and the Diyala area, fr (en)
- Ninkarrak (aksara paku: đ’€đ’Š©đ’Ś†đ’‹Ľđ’€€đ’ŠŹđ’€ť, dnin-kar-ra-ak) adalah dewi penyembuhan yang disembah terutama di Suriah dan Mesopotamia Hulu. Asalnya diduga dari Akkadia atau Suriah, dan bukan Sumeria. Sebuah kuil yang sangat terkenal didedikasikan untuknya ditemukan di Terqa. Temuan dari penggaliannya dianggap sangat penting dalam menentukan penanggalan sejarah wilayah tersebut. (in)
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