About: Liu Shan

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Liu Shan (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan. His reign of 40 years was the longest of all in the Three Kingdoms era. During Liu Shan's reign, many campaigns were led against the rival state of Cao Wei, primarily by Zhuge Liang and his successor Jiang Wei, but to little avail. Liu Shan eventually surrendered to Wei in 263 after Deng Ai led a surprise attack on the Shu capital Chengdu. He was quickly relocated to Luoyang, capital of Wei, and enfeoffed as "Duke Anle". There he enjoyed his last years peacefully before dying, most probably of natural causes, in 271.

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  • Liu Shan, (comunament mal pronunciat com Liu Chan), (207 – 271) va ser el segon i últim emperador de Shu Han durant l'era dels Tres Regnes de la Xina. Quan va ascendir al tron a la jove edat dels setze anys, Liu Shan va ser confiat a la cura d'un grup de ministres veterans, incloent-hi el Canceller Zhuge Liang i el Secretari Imperial Li Yan. (ca)
  • Liu Shan (chinesisch 劉禪 / 刘禅, Pinyin Líu Shàn, W.-G. Liu Sh'an; * 207; † 271) war der Sohn des chinesischen Kriegsherrn und späteren Kaisers Liu Bei. Er herrschte von 223 bis 263 als zweiter und letzter Kaiser der Dynastie Shu Han während der Zeit der Drei Reiche über das heutige Sichuan. Sein postumer Titel lautet Kaiser Xiaohuai (孝懷皇帝) beziehungsweise Fürst Si von Anle (安樂思公). Sein Säuglingsname lautete A Dou (阿斗). (de)
  • Liu Shan (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan. His reign of 40 years was the longest of all in the Three Kingdoms era. During Liu Shan's reign, many campaigns were led against the rival state of Cao Wei, primarily by Zhuge Liang and his successor Jiang Wei, but to little avail. Liu Shan eventually surrendered to Wei in 263 after Deng Ai led a surprise attack on the Shu capital Chengdu. He was quickly relocated to Luoyang, capital of Wei, and enfeoffed as "Duke Anle". There he enjoyed his last years peacefully before dying, most probably of natural causes, in 271. Widely known by his infant name "Adou / Edou" (阿斗), Liu Shan was commonly perceived as an incapable ruler. He was also accused of indulging in pleasures while neglecting state affairs. However, some modern scholars have taken a different opinions on Liu Shan's capability, as Liu Shan's long reign in Shu Han was free of bloody court coups and bloodshed and was the only court in the Three Kingdoms era to remain relatively bloodless. Not only that, in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang was recorded to have praised Liu Shan as highly intelligent. Nevertheless, the name "Adou" is today still commonly used in Chinese to describe incapable people who would not achieve anything even with significant assistance. As Chen Shou, the author of Records of Three Kingdoms, noted, contrary to tradition, Zhuge Liang did not establish a history bureau at Liu Shan's court, and after Zhuge's death, it appeared Liu did not revive that post. Therefore, many of the events during his reign were unrecorded, causing limited details about Liu Shan's reign in historical records. (en)
  • Liu Shan (207–271), prénom social Gongsi, est le second et dernier empereur du Shu Han, un des États de la période des Trois Royaumes de l'Histoire de la Chine. Lorsqu'il monte sur le trône à l'âge de 16 ans, Liu Shan est sous la double régence du Premier ministre Zhuge Liang et du Secrétaire Impérial Li Yan. Son règne dure 40 ans, ce qui en fait le règne le plus long de la période des trois royaumes. Durant ces quarante années, de nombreuses campagnes sont lancées par le Shu contre le royaume rival du Wei. C'est d'abord Zhuge Liang qui dirige ces expéditions, puis, après son décès, c'est son successeur Jiang Wei qui prend le relais; mais tous deux échouent. Le règne de Liu Shan s’achève lorsqu'il se rend aux troupes du Wei en 263, après une attaque surprise du général Deng Ai contre Chengdu, la capitale du Shu. Il est rapidement transféré à Luoyang, la capitale du Wei, et reçoit le titre de "Duc d'Anle". Il y coule des jours heureux, jusqu’à sa mort en 271, qui est probablement une mort de cause naturelle. Le plus souvent désigné par son nom d'enfant, "Adou / Edou", Liu Shan est habituellement considéré comme un dirigeant incapable, voire handicapé mental. Il est également accusé de négliger les affaires du royaume au profit des plaisirs de la cour. Que cette réputation soit exacte, exagérée ou totalement fausse, il n'en reste pas moins que le mot "Adou" est, aujourd'hui encore, couramment utilisé en chinois pour décrire des personnes incapables d'atteindre un but, et ce même avec une aide importante. Chen Shou, dans ses Chroniques des Trois Royaumes, note que, contrairement à la tradition, Zhuge Liang a supprimé le poste d'historien officiel à la cour de Liu Shan et que ce dernier n'a pas rétabli ce poste après la mort de Zhuge. Le résultat est que bien des événements survenus pendant le règne de Liu Shan n'ont pas été mis par écrit, ce qui limite notre connaissance de cette époque. (fr)
  • Liu Shan (umumnya salah diucapkan sebagai Liu Chan), Hanzi: 劉禪, adalah anak dari Liu Bei, pendiri negara Shu Han di Zaman Tiga Negara. Liu Chan terkenal tidak cakap memerintah yang akhirnya membawa negaranya ke ambang keruntuhan dan jatuh kepada negara Cao Wei. (in)
  • 유선(劉禪, 207년 ~ 271년)은 촉한의 마지막 황제(재위: 223년 ~ 263년)이다. 《삼국지》의 저자 진수가 조위 정통론의 입장에서 전 황제인 유비와 구별하여 유선을 후주(後主)라고 지칭하였다. 자는 공사(公嗣)이다. 유비의 적장남이자 감부인의 소생이며, 아명은 아두(阿斗)였다. 조운이 당양 장판파에서 구하였고 유비가 '너 때문에 용맹한 장수를 잃을 뻔하였다'라고 한탄하며 땅바닥에 던져버렸다고 전해지는 아두가 곧 그다. 17세에 유비의 뒤를 이어 황제가 되고, 유비의 탁고 유지를 받든 승상 제갈량에게 내정과 외정을 총괄케 하고, 신료들을 감독하게 하였다. 제갈량 사후, 장완, 비의, 강유 등에게 국정을 맡기고 정치에 관여를 거의 하지 않으며, 재위 41년 째인 263년에 등애의 기습 공격으로 수도인 성도(成都)가 위태로워지자, 그해 겨울에 위에 항복하였다. 이후 종회와 강유가 위나라에 대한 반란을 꾀하다가 토벌된 뒤, 낙양에 압송되어 안락공(安樂公)에 봉해졌다. 사후 서진에서 내린 시호는 안락사공(安樂思公)이며, 한나라(漢; 전조의 전신)를 세운 유연은 촉한의 후계자를 자처하면서 사시(私諡)로 효회황제(孝懷皇帝)를 올렸다. (ko)
  • 劉 禅(劉 禪、りゅう ぜん)は、三国時代の蜀漢の第2代皇帝。魏に降伏したため、皇帝としての諡は本来ないが、漢の後継を称する劉淵によって諡を贈られた。 (ja)
  • Liu Shan, (vaak verkeerd getranslitereerd als Liu Chan), (207 – 271) was de tweede en tevens laatste keizer van het koninkrijk Shu gedurende de Drie Koninkrijken-periode van China. Daar hij op zestienjarige leeftijd, werd Liu Shan toevertrouwd aan de zorg van een groep van ervaren ministers, waaronder de kanselier Zhuge Liang en keizerlijke secretaris . (nl)
  • Liu Chan (207 — 271) foi o segundo e último imperador do estado de Shu Han durante o período dos Três Reinos , filho legítimo e mais velho de Liu Bei. Por ter ascendido ao trono muito novo (tinha apenas dezesseis anos de idade na época), seus cuidados foram confiados ao Primeiro Ministro Zhuge Liang e ao Regente Imperial Li Yan. Durante o reinado de Liu Shan, muitas campanhas foram conduzidos contra o Estado rival de Cao Wei, principalmente por Zhuge Liang e seu sucessor Jiang Wei, mas com poucos resultados. Liu Shan finalmente se rendeu ao Estado de Wei em 263 A.D. depois de ter liderado um ataque surpresa massivo à capital de Shu, Chengdu. Ele foi rapidamente transferido para Luoyang, capital do Wei, e status de duque lhe foi dado. Regozijou de seus últimos anos em paz antes de morrer, provavelmente de causas naturais, em 271 A.D. Amplamente conhecido por seu nome de infante "Adou / Edou", Liu Shan era comumente visto como um governante incapaz, até mesmo deficiente mental. Ele também foi acusado de se entregar aos prazeres, negligenciando os assuntos do Estado. Alguns críticos dessas hipóteses, no entanto, acreditam que Liu Shan, como seu pai Liu Bei, tinha excelentes habilidades de gestão de pessoas, sendo capaz de equilibrar os interesses das duas principais facções em sua corte, liderados respectivamente por Zhuge Liang e Li Yan. Esses críticos também elogiam Liu Shan por fingir incompetência da forma mais engenhosa e natural possível após a queda de Shu, de modo a evitar danos pessoais. No entanto, o nome "Adou" é, ainda hoje, comumente usado para descrever pessoas incapazes, mesmo com a ajuda significativa de outrem. Ele também conhecido por o nome Hou Zhu. (pt)
  • Лю Шань (кит. трад. 劉禪, упр. 刘禅, пиньинь Líu Shàn, 207—271), взрослое имя Гунсы (кит. трад. 公嗣), ещё известный как Шэнчжи (кит. трад. 升之) — второй и последний император царства Шу, существовавшего в Китае в Эпоху Троецарствия. (ru)
  • Лю Шань (спрощ.: 劉禪; піньїнь: Liu Shan; 207—271) — останній китайський імператор з династії Шу періоду Саньґо. (uk)
  • 漢懷帝劉禪(shàn) (207年-271年),字公嗣,又字升之,幼名阿斗。蜀漢昭烈帝劉備之子,蜀漢最後一位皇帝,汉赵諡孝懷皇帝,史称蜀漢後主,223年—263年在位,歷時四十一年,是三國在位最長之皇帝。 (zh)
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  • 0263-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
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  • 0223-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
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  • A Qing dynasty illustration of Liu Shan (en)
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  • Jianxing (en)
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  • Given name: Shan (en)
  • Family name: Liu (en)
  • Courtesy name: Gongsi (en)
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  • Shu_Han_family_trees#Liu_Shan (en)
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  • Emperor Huai of Han (en)
  • 漢懷帝 (en)
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  • Líu Shàn (en)
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  • Emperor Xiaohuai (en)
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  • June 223 – December 263 (en)
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  • 刘禅 (en)
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  • Emperor of Shu Han (en)
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  • 劉禪 (en)
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  • Liu Sh'an (en)
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  • Liu Shan, (comunament mal pronunciat com Liu Chan), (207 – 271) va ser el segon i últim emperador de Shu Han durant l'era dels Tres Regnes de la Xina. Quan va ascendir al tron a la jove edat dels setze anys, Liu Shan va ser confiat a la cura d'un grup de ministres veterans, incloent-hi el Canceller Zhuge Liang i el Secretari Imperial Li Yan. (ca)
  • Liu Shan (chinesisch 劉禪 / 刘禅, Pinyin Líu Shàn, W.-G. Liu Sh'an; * 207; † 271) war der Sohn des chinesischen Kriegsherrn und späteren Kaisers Liu Bei. Er herrschte von 223 bis 263 als zweiter und letzter Kaiser der Dynastie Shu Han während der Zeit der Drei Reiche über das heutige Sichuan. Sein postumer Titel lautet Kaiser Xiaohuai (孝懷皇帝) beziehungsweise Fürst Si von Anle (安樂思公). Sein Säuglingsname lautete A Dou (阿斗). (de)
  • Liu Shan (umumnya salah diucapkan sebagai Liu Chan), Hanzi: 劉禪, adalah anak dari Liu Bei, pendiri negara Shu Han di Zaman Tiga Negara. Liu Chan terkenal tidak cakap memerintah yang akhirnya membawa negaranya ke ambang keruntuhan dan jatuh kepada negara Cao Wei. (in)
  • 유선(劉禪, 207년 ~ 271년)은 촉한의 마지막 황제(재위: 223년 ~ 263년)이다. 《삼국지》의 저자 진수가 조위 정통론의 입장에서 전 황제인 유비와 구별하여 유선을 후주(後主)라고 지칭하였다. 자는 공사(公嗣)이다. 유비의 적장남이자 감부인의 소생이며, 아명은 아두(阿斗)였다. 조운이 당양 장판파에서 구하였고 유비가 '너 때문에 용맹한 장수를 잃을 뻔하였다'라고 한탄하며 땅바닥에 던져버렸다고 전해지는 아두가 곧 그다. 17세에 유비의 뒤를 이어 황제가 되고, 유비의 탁고 유지를 받든 승상 제갈량에게 내정과 외정을 총괄케 하고, 신료들을 감독하게 하였다. 제갈량 사후, 장완, 비의, 강유 등에게 국정을 맡기고 정치에 관여를 거의 하지 않으며, 재위 41년 째인 263년에 등애의 기습 공격으로 수도인 성도(成都)가 위태로워지자, 그해 겨울에 위에 항복하였다. 이후 종회와 강유가 위나라에 대한 반란을 꾀하다가 토벌된 뒤, 낙양에 압송되어 안락공(安樂公)에 봉해졌다. 사후 서진에서 내린 시호는 안락사공(安樂思公)이며, 한나라(漢; 전조의 전신)를 세운 유연은 촉한의 후계자를 자처하면서 사시(私諡)로 효회황제(孝懷皇帝)를 올렸다. (ko)
  • 劉 禅(劉 禪、りゅう ぜん)は、三国時代の蜀漢の第2代皇帝。魏に降伏したため、皇帝としての諡は本来ないが、漢の後継を称する劉淵によって諡を贈られた。 (ja)
  • Liu Shan, (vaak verkeerd getranslitereerd als Liu Chan), (207 – 271) was de tweede en tevens laatste keizer van het koninkrijk Shu gedurende de Drie Koninkrijken-periode van China. Daar hij op zestienjarige leeftijd, werd Liu Shan toevertrouwd aan de zorg van een groep van ervaren ministers, waaronder de kanselier Zhuge Liang en keizerlijke secretaris . (nl)
  • Лю Шань (кит. трад. 劉禪, упр. 刘禅, пиньинь Líu Shàn, 207—271), взрослое имя Гунсы (кит. трад. 公嗣), ещё известный как Шэнчжи (кит. трад. 升之) — второй и последний император царства Шу, существовавшего в Китае в Эпоху Троецарствия. (ru)
  • Лю Шань (спрощ.: 劉禪; піньїнь: Liu Shan; 207—271) — останній китайський імператор з династії Шу періоду Саньґо. (uk)
  • 漢懷帝劉禪(shàn) (207年-271年),字公嗣,又字升之,幼名阿斗。蜀漢昭烈帝劉備之子,蜀漢最後一位皇帝,汉赵諡孝懷皇帝,史称蜀漢後主,223年—263年在位,歷時四十一年,是三國在位最長之皇帝。 (zh)
  • Liu Shan (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan. His reign of 40 years was the longest of all in the Three Kingdoms era. During Liu Shan's reign, many campaigns were led against the rival state of Cao Wei, primarily by Zhuge Liang and his successor Jiang Wei, but to little avail. Liu Shan eventually surrendered to Wei in 263 after Deng Ai led a surprise attack on the Shu capital Chengdu. He was quickly relocated to Luoyang, capital of Wei, and enfeoffed as "Duke Anle". There he enjoyed his last years peacefully before dying, most probably of natural causes, in 271. (en)
  • Liu Shan (207–271), prénom social Gongsi, est le second et dernier empereur du Shu Han, un des États de la période des Trois Royaumes de l'Histoire de la Chine. Lorsqu'il monte sur le trône à l'âge de 16 ans, Liu Shan est sous la double régence du Premier ministre Zhuge Liang et du Secrétaire Impérial Li Yan. Son règne dure 40 ans, ce qui en fait le règne le plus long de la période des trois royaumes. Durant ces quarante années, de nombreuses campagnes sont lancées par le Shu contre le royaume rival du Wei. C'est d'abord Zhuge Liang qui dirige ces expéditions, puis, après son décès, c'est son successeur Jiang Wei qui prend le relais; mais tous deux échouent. Le règne de Liu Shan s’achève lorsqu'il se rend aux troupes du Wei en 263, après une attaque surprise du général Deng Ai contre Cheng (fr)
  • Liu Chan (207 — 271) foi o segundo e último imperador do estado de Shu Han durante o período dos Três Reinos , filho legítimo e mais velho de Liu Bei. Por ter ascendido ao trono muito novo (tinha apenas dezesseis anos de idade na época), seus cuidados foram confiados ao Primeiro Ministro Zhuge Liang e ao Regente Imperial Li Yan. Durante o reinado de Liu Shan, muitas campanhas foram conduzidos contra o Estado rival de Cao Wei, principalmente por Zhuge Liang e seu sucessor Jiang Wei, mas com poucos resultados. Liu Shan finalmente se rendeu ao Estado de Wei em 263 A.D. depois de ter liderado um ataque surpresa massivo à capital de Shu, Chengdu. Ele foi rapidamente transferido para Luoyang, capital do Wei, e status de duque lhe foi dado. Regozijou de seus últimos anos em paz antes de morrer, (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Liu Shan (en)
  • Liu Shan (ca)
  • Liu Shan (de)
  • Liu Shan (in)
  • Liu Shan (fr)
  • 劉禅 (ja)
  • 유선 (촉한) (ko)
  • Liu Shan (nl)
  • Liu Shan (pt)
  • Лю Шань (ru)
  • 刘禅 (zh)
  • Лю Шань (uk)
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  • Emperor Huai of Han (en)
  • 漢懷帝 (en)
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