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- Історія видобутку і використання нафти (uk)
- لا تعدّ صناعة النفط صناعةً حديثة المنشأ، ولكن مكانة النفط الحالية كعنصر أساسي في السياسة والمجتمع والتكنولوجيا تمتد جذورها إلى أوائل القرن العشرين. أثر اختراع محرك الاحتراق الداخلي بشكل رئيس في زيادة أهمية النفط. (ar)
- While the local use of oil goes back many centuries, the modern petroleum industry along with its outputs and modern applications are of a recent origin. Petroleum's status as a key component of politics, society, and technology has its roots in the coal and kerosene industry of the late 19th century. One of the earliest instances of this is the refining of paraffin from crude oil. Abraham Gesner, developed a process to refine a liquid fuel (which he would later call kerosene) from coal, bitumen and oil shale, it burned more cleanly and was cheaper than whale oil. James Young in 1847 noticed a natural petroleum seepage when he distilled a light thin oil suitable for use as lamp oil, at the same time obtaining a thicker oil suitable for lubricating machinery. The world's first refineries and modern oil wells were established in the mid-19th century. The use of the internal combustion engine for automobiles and trucks in the turn of the 20th century was a critical factor in the explosive growth of the industry in the United States, Europe, Middle East and later the rest of the world. When diesel fuel replaced steam engines in warships, control of oil supplies became a factor in military strategy—and played a key role in World War II. After the dominance of coal waned in the mid-1950s, oil received significant media coverage and its importance on modern economies increased greatly, being a major factor in several energy crises. The concern of oil being run out has brought new developments to light such as commercial-scale fracking and the increasing usage of cleaner energy. In the 20th century issues of air pollution led to government regulation. In the early 21st century environmental issues regarding global warming from oil and gas (in addition to coal) makes the industry politically controversial. (en)
- La industria del petróleo no es de origen reciente, pero el estatus actual del petróleo como componente integral de la política, sociedad y tecnología tiene sus raíces en los primeros años del siglo XX. La invención del motor de combustión interna fue la principal influencia en el auge de la importancia del petróleo. (es)
- L'exploitation du pétrole remonte à une époque ancienne, mais son importance, commerciale et industrielle, croît à partir du XIXe siècle pour connaître au XXe siècle un essor économique et aussi une succession de crises. (fr)
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- Історія видобутку і використання нафти (uk)
- لا تعدّ صناعة النفط صناعةً حديثة المنشأ، ولكن مكانة النفط الحالية كعنصر أساسي في السياسة والمجتمع والتكنولوجيا تمتد جذورها إلى أوائل القرن العشرين. أثر اختراع محرك الاحتراق الداخلي بشكل رئيس في زيادة أهمية النفط. (ar)
- La industria del petróleo no es de origen reciente, pero el estatus actual del petróleo como componente integral de la política, sociedad y tecnología tiene sus raíces en los primeros años del siglo XX. La invención del motor de combustión interna fue la principal influencia en el auge de la importancia del petróleo. (es)
- L'exploitation du pétrole remonte à une époque ancienne, mais son importance, commerciale et industrielle, croît à partir du XIXe siècle pour connaître au XXe siècle un essor économique et aussi une succession de crises. (fr)
- While the local use of oil goes back many centuries, the modern petroleum industry along with its outputs and modern applications are of a recent origin. Petroleum's status as a key component of politics, society, and technology has its roots in the coal and kerosene industry of the late 19th century. One of the earliest instances of this is the refining of paraffin from crude oil. Abraham Gesner, developed a process to refine a liquid fuel (which he would later call kerosene) from coal, bitumen and oil shale, it burned more cleanly and was cheaper than whale oil. James Young in 1847 noticed a natural petroleum seepage when he distilled a light thin oil suitable for use as lamp oil, at the same time obtaining a thicker oil suitable for lubricating machinery. The world's first refineries an (en)
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- History of the petroleum industry (en)
- تاريخ الصناعة النفطية (ar)
- Historia de la industria del petróleo (es)
- Histoire du pétrole (fr)
- Історія видобутку і використання нафти (uk)
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