About: IBM

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dbo:abstract	شركة المؤسسة الدولية للحواسيب (بالإنجليزية: International Business Machines Corporation)‏، تختصر IBM، هي شركة استشارية وتقنية أمريكية متعددة الجنسيات يقع مقرها الرئيسي في أرمونك، نيويورك، ويعمل بها أكثر من 350.000 موظف يخدمون عملاء في 170 دولة. في 8 أكتوبر 2020، أعلنت شركة آي بي إم أنها بصدد تحويل وحدة خدمات البنية التحتية المُدارة التابعة لقسم خدمات التكنولوجيا العالمية إلى شركة عامة جديدة، وهو إجراء من المتوقع أن يكتمل بحلول نهاية عام 2021. تنتج شركة آي بي إم وتبيع أجهزة الحاسوب والبرمجيات الوسيطة والبرامج، وتوفر خدمات الاستضافة والاستشارات في مجالات تتراوح من أجهزة الحاسوب المركزية إلى تكنولوجيا النانو. وهي أيضًا منظمة بحثية رئيسية، اعتبارًا من عام 2020 تحمل الرقم القياسي لمعظم براءات الاختراع الأمريكية التي تنتجها شركة لمدة 27 عامًا متتالية. تشمل الاختراعات التي قامت بها شركة آي بي إم القرص المرن، ومحرك الأقراص الثابتة، وبطاقة الشريط الممغنطة، وقاعدة البيانات الارتباطية، ولغة برمجة إس كيو إل، والباركود رمز المنتج العالمي، وذاكرة الوصول العشوائي الديناميكية. كان حاسوب آي بي إم الرئيسي، الذي يمثله سيستيم/ 360، هو منصة الحوسبة المهيمنة خلال الستينيات والسبعينيات. آي بي إم، التي يشار إليها أحيانًا باسم بيج بلو، هي واحدة من 30 شركة مدرجة في مؤشر داو جونز الصناعي وواحدة من أكبر أرباب العمل في العالم، مع أكثر من 352.600 موظف اعتبارًا من عام 2019. ما لا يقل عن 70% من موظفي آي بي إم، المعروفين باسم "IBMers"، موجودون خارج الولايات المتحدة، مع وجود أكبر عدد في الهند. حصل موظفو شركة آي بي إم على خمس جوائز نوبل وستة جوائز تورينج وعشر ميداليات وطنية للتكنولوجيا (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية) وخمس ميداليات وطنية للعلوم (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية). (ar) IBM (celým názvem International Business Machines Corporation) je americká mezinárodní technologická společnost s hlavním sídlem v ve státě New York v USA. Společnost dnes operuje ve více než 170 zemích světa. Korporace se původem rozvinula ze společnosti CTR = Computing – Tabulating – Recording a až v roce 1924 byla přejmenována na IBM. (cs) IBM és l'acrònim d'International Business Machines (NYSE IBM) també coneguda col·loquialment com el gegant blau. És una empresa d'informàtica, radicada als Estats Units, que treballa en el món de la informàtica des dels seus diferents vessants (maquinari, programari, sistemes operatius i serveis diversos). Exemples de programari desenvolupat per IBM per al PC són DisplayWrite, i TopView. Té la seu central a Armonk (Estats Units) i és la major empresa informàtica del món, amb fàbriques i oficines repartides per 160 països del món. Fundada el 1911 a Nova York, com a fusió de tres empreses constructores de maquinària d’oficina i de precisió: Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company i Computing Scale Company. s'expandí considerablement amb la invenció de la tabuladora-impressora i la difusió de les targetes perforades. Amb més de 330.000 empleats a tot el món i ingressos per valor de 96 mil milions de dòlars (xifres de 2004), IBM és l'empresa de tecnologia de la informació més gran al món, i una de les poques fundada al segle xix. A Espanya hi té 6.900 empleats i opera des de 1926. Des de 2013, Marta Martínez Alonso és la Presidenta per a Espanya, Portugal, Grècia i Israel. Té enginyers i assessors a més de 170 països i laboratoris de desenvolupament situats a tot el món, en tots els camps de la informàtica i de la tecnologia de la informació. L'empresa és pionera en alguns d'ells, des dels ordinadors centrals fins a la nanotecnologia. En aquests darrers anys, els serveis i els ingressos de consultoria han estat més grans que els derivats de la fabricació i venda d'ordinadors o programari. va ser escollit CEO el 29 de gener de 2002 després d'haver dirigit els Serveis Globals d'IBM i ajudar l'empresa a convertir-se en un negoci amb uns ingressos de 100 mil milions de dòlars el 2004. El 2002 l'empresa reforçava les seves capacitats consultives de negoci adquirint el braç de consultoria de l'empresa de serveis professionals PricewaterhouseCoopers. L'empresa se centra cada vegada més en la consultoria, els serveis i el programari, posant l'accent també en xips i tecnologies de maquinari d'alt valor afegit; el 2005 hi tenia contractats aproximadament 195.000 professionals tècnics. L'àrea d'investigació d'IBM té vuit laboratoris; cinc d'aquests són a fora dels Estats Units, però tots a l'hemisferi nord. Entre els empleats d'IBM hi ha diversos guanyadors del premis Nobel. Als EUA, han guanyat quatre premis Turing, cinc i cinc Medalles Nacionals de Ciència, i a fora dels Estats Units, molts equivalents. (ca) Η IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) είναι πολυμετοχική εταιρεία, εισηγμένη στο Χρηματιστήριο της Νέας Υόρκης. Η IBM ιδρύθηκε στην πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης το 1911. Αρχικά, η εταιρεία ονομαζόταν (CTR), αλλά το 1924 μετονομάσθηκε σε IBM. Τα προϊόντα της περιελάμβαναν από ζυγαριές και συσκευές χρονομέτρησης για βιομηχανική χρήση μέχρι υπολογιστικές μηχανές και διάτρητες κάρτες. Σήμερα είναι μια πολυεθνική εταιρεία τεχνολογίας υπολογιστών με κεντρικά γραφεία στο Armonk στην πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης. Η επιχείρηση είναι μια από τις λίγες επιχειρήσεις τεχνολογίας πληροφοριών με μια συνεχή ιστορία που χρονολογείται από το 19ο αιώνα (ιδρύθηκε το 1888). Κατασκευάζει και πωλεί υπολογιστές, το λογισμικό των υπηρεσίων υποδομής και τις συμβουλευτικές υπηρεσίες για κεντρικούς υπολογιστές. Έχει σχεδόν 330.000 υπαλλήλους παγκοσμίως και θεωρείται η μεγαλύτερη επιχείρηση τεχνολογίας πληροφοριών στον κόσμο. (el) Pri la aliaj signifoj de IBM rigardu en IBM (apartigilo). IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) estas grava usona firmao, kiu delonge okupiĝas pri konstruado de potencaj komputiloj. IBM siatempe multe influis aperon de modernaj personaj komputiloj (t. n. IBM-kongruaj). (eo) Die International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) ist ein börsennotiertes US-amerikanisches IT- und Beratungsunternehmen mit Sitz in Armonk im Bundesstaat New York.IBM ist eines der weltweit führenden Unternehmen insbesondere für branchenspezifische Produkte und Dienstleistungen im IT-Bereich sowie Software und Hardware. 2019 beschäftigte IBM weltweit mehr als 300.000 Mitarbeiter. Nach Schätzungen beträgt die Anzahl der Beschäftigten in Deutschland 16.500 (Stand 2015). 2022 bot der Konzern auf seiner englischen Homepage neben „IBM Consulting“ unter „Products & Solutions“ – deutsch übersetzt – diese Stichworte an: Industrie, Künstliche Intelligenz, Blockchain, Geschäftsprozess, Cloud Computing, Daten & Analyse, , IT Infrastruktur, Sicherheit und Supply Chain. (de) International Business Machines edo IBM informatikarekin lotutako herramintak, programak eta zerbitzuak ekoiztu eta merkaturatzen dituen enpresa multinazionala da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako New Yorkeko estatuako hirian du egoitza nagusia. Gutxi gorabehera 390.000 langile ditu 161 herrialdeetan banatuta eta teknologiarekin lotutako zerbitzu-enpresarik handiena da. New Yorkeko Burtsan IBM kodea erabiltzen du. New Yorkeko du egoitza, eta 1911n sortu zen Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company izenaz, hiru enpresa txiki elkartuta. 1924an IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) izeneko enpresa bereganatu eta beronen izena hartu zuen. zuzendaritzapean (1914-52), Estatu Batuetako enpresetako kontrol-erlojuen egile nagusia izatera iritsi zen IBM, eta lehen ere asmatu eta merkaturatu zuen 1930eko hamarkadan. 1950eko hamarkadan murgildu zen konputagailuen alorrean, eta hurrengo hamarkadetan, hedapen izugarria izateaz gain, ordenagailuen merkatuko lehen mailara iritsi zuen. 1953an, lehen ordanagailu komertziala sortu zuen, 701 izenekoa. 1965az geroztik, informatika industria ahaltsu bihurtuta, derrigorrezko erreferentzia izan ziren IBMk egindako ordenagailuak, kalitatearen alorrean ez ezik, baita hizkuntza informatikoari nahiz funtzionamenduari dagozkien arauen alorrean ere (IBM bateragarriak). 1960ko eta 1980ko hamarkaden artean, IBM izan zen konputagailu handien merkatuko enpresa nagusia, baina 1980ko hamarkadan atzera egin zuen eremu espezializatuetan lan egiten zuten beste fabrikatzaile batzuen aurrean. 1970eko hamarkadan ordenagailu txikiak azaldu zirenean, IBMri bere konputagailu handien merkatua arriskuan jarriko zutela iruditu zitzaion, eta ez zen gai izan haien benetako ahalmena ikusteko. 1980an, ordea, IBMk delako ordenagailu pertsonala sortu zuen arrakasta handiz, denbora gutxian eredu bilakatu baitzen mikroinformatikaren alorrean. 1980ko hamarkadaren erdialdera, ordea, IBMren aurrerakada moteldu egin zen, bereziki programa eta ordenagailu eramangarrien alorrean. Informatika enpresa japoniarren igoerak eragin zuen neurri batean IBMk zenbait alorretan izan zuen atzerakada. Hala ere, 1980ko hamarkadaren amaieran IBM munduko konputagailu ekoizle handiena zen, eta idazmakinak eta fotokopiagailuak tartean, baita bulegoko tresnerien ekoizle nagusia ere. 1990eko hamarkadaren hasieran, Estatu Batuetako ekonomia atzeraldi bete-betean zegoela, IBMk enpresa berrantolatu eta bere merkatuetara gehiago hurbiltzen ziren atal autonomoak eratu zituen. Horren ondorioz, 40.000 lagunek galdu zuten lanpostua 1992an IBMn, eta 1993. urterako murrizketa gehiago iragarri ziren. 1991-1993 bitartean IBMk galera handiak izan zituen, urte bakar batean 9 mila milioi dolar galdu zituelarik. Hala ere, enpresak abantaila ugari ditu oraindik, besteak beste munduan ordenagailu komertzialei dagokion fabrikazio prozeduraren ia % 90aren iturburua baitzen 1995ean. (eu) The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 171 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, by trust businessman Charles Ranlett Flint, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York. IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2021) for 29 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s. IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with over 282,100 employees as of 2022. (en) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) (NYSE: IBM) es una reconocida empresa multinacional estadounidense de tecnología y consultoría con sede en Armonk, Nueva York. IBM fabrica y comercializa hardware y software para computadoras, y ofrece servicios de infraestructura, alojamiento de Internet, y consultoría en una amplia gama de áreas relacionadas con la informática, desde computadoras centrales hasta nanotecnología. La empresa fue fundada en 1911 como Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation, el resultado de la fusión de cuatro empresas: Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Computing Scale Corporation, y Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR adoptó el nombre International Business Machines en 1924, utilizando un nombre previamente designado a una filial de CTR en Canadá, y posteriormente en América del Sur. En 2011, la revista Fortune clasificó a IBM como la empresa número 18 en los Estados Unidos en tamaño, y la empresa número 7 en beneficios. Globalmente, la empresa fue clasificada como la empresa número 31 en tamaño por Forbes en 2011. Por el número de empleados (más de 425.000) es la segunda empresa más grande del mundo, superada solamente por Walmart (en más de 200 países, con ocupaciones incluyendo científicos, ingenieros, consultores y profesionales de ventas). IBM alberga más patentes que ninguna otra empresa de tecnología de Estados Unidos, y tiene doce laboratorios de investigación. Denominados "IBMers", sus empleados han recibido cinco Premios Nobel, cuatro Premios Turing, nueve National Medals of Technology y cinco National Medals of Science. Las invenciones famosas de IBM incluyen el cajero automático, el disquete, el disco duro, la banda magnética, el modelo relacional, el formato de código de barras UPC, el sistema de reservas aéreas SABRE, la memoria RAM dinámica y el sistema de inteligencia artificial Watson. (es) International Business Machines Corporation, connue sous le sigle IBM, est une société multinationale américaine présente dans les domaines du matériel informatique, du logiciel et des services informatiques. La société est née le 16 juin 1911 de la fusion de la Computing Scale Company et de la Tabulating Machine Company sous le nom de Computing Tabulating Recording Company (CTR). Celle-ci a changé de nom pour devenir International Business Machines Corporation le 14 février 1924. On lui prête le surnom de Big Blue en référence au bleu sombre, couleur longtemps associée à l’entreprise. Dans les années 1970 et les années 1980, IBM était la première capitalisation boursière au monde. (fr) Is comhlacht ríomhaireachta é International Business Machines, nó IBM mar a thugtar air de ghnáth. Déantúsaíonn agus díolann an comhlacht crua-earraí ríomhaireachta, bogearraí, agus seirbhísí comhairleacha. Faoi seo soláthraíonn IBM bainistíocht áiseanna chun seirbhísí tacaíochta a thabhairt do chomhlachtaí eile maidir le forbairt is feidhmeanna na ríomhaireachta. Tá a cheanncheathrú lonnaithe in , Stát Nua-Eabhrac i SAM. (ga) International Business Machines Corporation (disingkat IBM; NYSE: IBM) adalah sebuah perusahaan Amerika Serikat yang memproduksi dan menjual perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak komputer. IBM didirikan pada 16 Juni 1911, beroperasi sejak 1888 dan berpusat di , Amerika Serikat. Dengan lebih dari 330.000 pegawai di seluruh dunia dan pendapatan US$96 miliar (angka dari tahun 2004), IBM adalah perusahaan teknologi informasi terbesar di dunia, dan salah satu yang terus berlanjut dari abad 19. Perusahaan ini memiliki teknisi dan konsultan di lebih dari 170 negara dan laboratorium pengembangan yang berlokasi di seluruh dunia, di setiap cabang ilmu komputer dan teknologi informasi; beberapa dari mereka adalah pionir di bidang mulai dari komputer mainframe ke nanoteknologi. Mesin-mesin dan produk IBM yang sukses adalah Mainframe dengan sistem 370 (pada tahun 1960-an), IBM PC, AS/400 dan RS/6000 (1980-an), PowerPC CPU (1990-an, bekerja sama dengan Motorola, - sekarang Freescale) Dalam tahun-tahun belakangan, pendapatan jasa dan konsultasi lebih besar dari produksi. dipilih menjadi CEO pada 29 Januari 2002 setelah memimpin Jasa Global IBM, dan menolongnya menjadi pebisnis dengan julukan "backlog" US$100 miliar pada tahun 2004. Pada 2002 perusahaan ini menguatkan kemampuan bisnisnya dengan mengakuisisi perusahaan jasa konsultan tekemuka PricewaterhouseCoopers. Perusahaan ini terus memfokuskan usahanya pada konsultasi bisnis, jasa dan perangkat lunak, dan juga menekankan chip harga tinggi dan teknologi perangkat keras. Pada tahun 2004 IBM mempekerjakan sekitar 191.000 teknisi profesional, di antaranya termasuk 300-400 "Teknisi Terkenal" dan 50-60 "", teknisi paling senior. memiliki delapan laboratorium riset yang terletak di belahan utara dunia, dengan setengahnya terletak di luar Amerika Serikat. Pegawai IBM telah meraih lima penghargaan Nobel. Di Amerika, mereka juga mendapatkan empat Penghargaan Turing, lima , dan lima Medali Sains Nasional, dan juga banyak lagi di luar Amerika. Pada 1 Mei 2005, divisi PC IBM secara resmi diambil alih oleh perusahaan Lenovo yang berpusat di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. CEO IBM sekarang adalah yang menggantikan sejak tanggal 29 Januari 2002. menjadi CEO IBM selama 10 tahun menggantikan yang dipecat karena hampir membangkrutkan IBM pada tahun 1992. Sebelumnya Louis V. Gerstner bekerja untuk Nabisco. (in) Ibm est une localité autrichienne. Elle fait partie de la commune de Eggelsberg du district de Braunau am Inn en Haute-Autriche. (fr) IBM（アイビーエム、正式名: International Business Machines Corporation）は、アメリカ合衆国ニューヨーク州アーモンクに本社を置くテクノロジー関連企業。世界170か国以上で事業を展開する典型的な多国籍企業であり、世界最大手規模のIT企業。愛称はビッグブルー。 IBMは1911年にC-T-Rとして創立され、特に1960年代以降はコンピュータ市場で圧倒的な影響力を持ったが、1990年代以降はコンサルティングを含めたサービスとソフトウェア中心の事業に舵を切り、2010年代頃にはクラウドコンピューティングとコグニティブコンピューティングを提供する企業と自己定義している。以降も、レッドハットの巨額買収（2019）やキンドリルのスピンオフ（2020）等で絶えず事業を組み替え、近年は、プラットフォームを中心とするハイブリッドクラウドやAI、ソフトウェア、コンサルティング事業をコア事業としている。米特許商標局（USPTO）が2021年に企業に対して発行した特許に関する調査結果を発表し企業別特許取得件数では米IBMが29年連続の首位を守った。2022年現在、アメリカ合衆国の代表的株価指数とされるダウ平均株価を構成する30銘柄のうちの一社である。 (ja) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, bijgenaamd Big Blue) is een bedrijf dat bij het grote publiek vooral bekend is vanwege de eerste IBM Personal Computer. Tot de kernactiviteiten van IBM behoren het ontwerpen en verkopen van computerhardware, -software, -technologie en dienstverlening in de IT-sector. Het bedrijf wordt ook wel Big Blue genoemd, refererend aan de grote macht van het bedrijf en het blauwe logo. De eerste Nederlandse vestiging werd in 1940 geopend. Het hoofdkantoor bevindt zich in de stad in de staat New York. (nl) L'International Business Machines Corporation (comunemente nota come IBM, e soprannominata "Big Blue"), è un'azienda statunitense, la più anziana e tra le maggiori al mondo nel settore informatico. Produce e commercializza hardware, software per computer, middleware e servizi informatici, offrendo infrastrutture, servizi di hosting, cloud computing, intelligenza artificiale, quantum computing e consulenza nel settore informatico e strategico (ad es. in aree che vanno dai computer mainframe alle nanotecnologie). Invenzioni famose di IBM includono il primo calcolatore elettromeccanico ovvero il Mark 1, il primo PC con sistema operativo MS-DOS prodotto dalla Microsoft, il disco floppy, la carta a banda magnetica, il database relazionale, la scheda madre, i connettori PS/2, l'Universal Product Code (UPC) ovvero il codice a barre, il sistema SABRE di prenotazione aerea, la DRAM e il sistema d'intelligenza artificiale Watson. Il mainframe IBM, esemplificato dal System/360, è stata la piattaforma di calcolo dominante durante gli anni sessanta e settanta. È uno dei cosiddetti big player nel mondo delle piattaforme cloud, con la sua piattaforma globale denominata IBM Cloud, presente nel mondo con più di 60 datacenter cloud (sia multi-zone che single-zone). È anche un'importante organizzazione di ricerca scientifica, detenendo il record per la maggior parte dei brevetti statunitensi generati da un'azienda (al 2020) per 27 anni consecutivi; attiva anche nell'ambito della computazione quantistica, ha inoltre prodotto il primo computer quantistico in cloud chiamato IBM Q Experience e producendo il primo vero computer quantistico commercializzabile, denominato IBM Q System One. Ha continuamente spostato le operazioni di business concentrandosi su mercati di valore aggiunto e più redditizi; ciò include la creazione del produttore di stampanti Lexmark nel 1991 e la vendita di personal computer (ThinkPad/) e di server basati su x86 a Lenovo (rispettivamente nel 2005 e nel 2014) e l'acquisizione di società come (2002), SPSS (2009), (2016) e Red Hat (2019). (it) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 IBM (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 국제 사무기기 회사(國際事務機器會社, International Business Machines Corporation; IBM)는 미국의 다국적 기술 및 컨설팅 회사이다. 천공 카드 시스템을 고안한 허먼 홀러리스가 1896년 창설한 가 1911년에 국제시간기록회사, 컴퓨팅 스케일 컴퍼니, 번디 제조회사와 합병해 세운 전산제표기록회사(CTR)가 이 회사의 전신이다. 터뷰레이팅 머신의 자동 표작성기는 1890년의 미국 국세 조사(國勢調査)에 사용되어 대단한 위력을 발휘하였다. CTR은 한때 경영 부진에 빠졌으나 1914년 토머스 J. 왓슨을 사장으로 영입해 급성장의 계기를 이룩했다. 이후 1924년 지금의 이름으로 변경하고 토머스 왓슨의 아들 토머스 J. 왓슨 주니어의 노력으로 PC를 개발했다. IBM이 PC를 개발한 뒤 내부를 공개하였으며 수많은 업체들은 PC의 주변기기를 개발하였고 IBM은 로열티를 받지 않았기 때문에 PC의 기술은 빠르게 성장하였다. 그래서 전 세계 대부분의 사람들은 PC를 사용하고 있다. IBM은 PC의 기능을 보강하여 PS/2라는 새로운 컴퓨터를 만들기도 하였다. PS/2에서는 로열티를 받으려 하였고 그로 인해 수많은 업체들과 사용자들은 PS/2를 외면하였다. 결국 PS/2는 세상에서 자취를 감추고 만다. IBM은 주로 메인프레임을 위주로 한 하드웨어 업체였으나, 1990년대부터 소프트웨어, 서비스 등으로 분야를 넓혀왔다. 2000년대부터는 매출액 중 서비스/컨설팅 비중이 가장 큰 몫을 차지하게 되었다. 몇 년 전부터 리눅스를 강력히 지원하기 시작했다. 2002년 루이 거스너로부터 경영탑을 인수한 후 IBM를 크게 발전시킨 새뮤얼 팔미사노는 이 회사를 파멸에서 건져냈다는 평가를 받았다. 언론에서는 IBM사를 ‘빅 블루’(Big Blue)라고도 부르는데, 이 회사의 로고 마크가 푸른 색으로 그려졌고, 또한 주식도 우량 주식(블루 칩) 가운데서도 뛰어난 최우량주(블루)이기 때문이다. 제4차 산업 혁명에 중요한 회사이다. (ko) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) – amerykańska spółka publiczna, będąca jednym z najstarszych przedsiębiorstw informatycznych na świecie. Obecnie przedsiębiorstwo oferuje rozwiązania w oparciu o usługi doradcze i informatyczne oraz oprogramowanie i sprzęt. Jej główną siedzibą jest Armonk w pobliżu Nowego Jorku. W 2020 roku zatrudniało 383 tys. pracowników na całym świecie i osiągnęło przychód w wysokości 73,6 mld USD oraz zysk netto w wysokości 5,5 mld USD. Akcje przedsiębiorstwa notowane są na giełdzie New York Stock Exchange od 11 listopada 1915. IBM zajmuje się praktycznie każdym segmentem rynku informatycznego, poczynając od komputerów klasy mainframe, a kończąc na nanotechnologii. Od kilku lat coraz większe znaczenie w przedsiębiorstwie mają usługi konsultingowe, a nie, jak wcześniej, produkcja. wybrany został na CEO w styczniu 2002 właśnie za swój wkład w rozwój działalności konsultingowej przedsiębiorstwa (rozwinięcie działu Global Business Services). (pl) IBM (произносится ай-би-эм; [aɪbiːˈɛm]; аббр. от англ. International Business Machines) — американская компания со штаб-квартирой в Армонке (штат Нью-Йорк), один из крупнейших в мире производителей и поставщиков аппаратного и программного обеспечения, а также IТ-сервисов и консалтинговых услуг. Распространённое прозвище компании — Big Blue, что можно перевести с английского как «большой синий» или «голубой гигант». Существует несколько версий относительно этого прозвища: * произошло от мейнфреймов, поставлявшихся компанией в 1950—1960-х годах — они были размером с комнату и имели голубую окраску; * это отсылка к логотипу компании; * название идёт от бывшего дресс-кода компании, который требовал от многих работников ношения рубашек и костюмов голубого цвета. (ru) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) är ett amerikanskt multinationellt IT-företag. Företaget hade (2017) 380 300 anställda i världen, varav omkring 4 000 i Sverige (2002). IBM har en stor forskningsorganisation och har en rad patent och är ett av de företag som genererar flest patent. Företaget ligger bakom en rad uppfinningar, bland annat bankautomaten, disketten, hårddisken och SQL. Bolaget var tidigare dominerande inom stordatorer och persondatorer och hade en stor del i utvecklingen av dagens datorer. Idag har IBM sålt av persondatorverksamheten (ThinkPad) och fokuserar på system och tjänster. (sv) A International Business Machines Corporation (em tradução livre: Corporação Internacional de Máquinas de Negócios, sigla: IBM) é uma empresa dos Estados Unidos voltada para a área de informática. A empresa é uma das poucas na área de tecnologia da informação (TI) com uma história contínua que remonta ao século XIX. A IBM fabrica e vende hardware e software, oferece serviços de infraestrutura, serviços de hospedagem e serviços de consultoria nas áreas que vão desde computadores de grande porte até a nanotecnologia. Foi apelidada de "Big Blue" por adotar o azul como sua cor corporativa oficial, em português "Grande Azul". Com mais de 398 455 colaboradores em todo o mundo, a IBM é a maior empresa da área de TI no mundo. A IBM detém mais patentes do que qualquer outra empresa americana baseada em tecnologia e tem 15 laboratórios de pesquisa no mundo inteiro. A empresa possui cientistas, engenheiros, consultores e profissionais de vendas em mais de 150 países. Funcionários da IBM já ganharam cinco prêmios Nobel, quatro Prêmios Turing (conhecido como o Nobel da computação), dentre vários outros prêmios. (pt) International Business Machines Corporation (вимовляється Ай-Бі-Е́м, також відома як IBM або «Блакитний гігант») — американська електронна корпорація, один із найбільших світових виробників усіх видів комп'ютерів і програмного забезпечення, один із найбільших провайдерів глобальних інформаційних мереж. Корпорація посідає 6-те місце в списку найбільших компаній світу. Штаб-квартира розташована у Армонку, штат Нью-Йорк, США. Історія починається з XIX століття. IBM виробляє та продає апаратне та програмне забезпечення, послуги (хостинг, консалтинг) у сферах від мейнфреймів до нанотехнологій. Враховуючи штат у 300 000 співробітників по-всьому світу та дохід у 91 млрд $ у 2005 р., IBM є найбільшою компанією у галузі інформаційних технологій у світі. У власності IBM більше патентів, ніж у будь-якої іншої технологічної компанії. IBM має інженерів та консультантів у більш ніж 170 країнах, а IBM Research має вісім лабораторій по всьому світі. Співробітники IBM здобули п'ять Нобелівських премій, чотири Премії Тюрінга, п'ять Національних медалей за розвиток технологій, та п'ять Національних медалей за розвиток науки. (uk) 國際商業機器公司（英語：International Business Machines Corporation，首字母縮略字：IBM，曾译万国商用机器公司）是美國一家跨國科技公司及諮詢公司，總部位於紐約州阿蒙克市。IBM主要客户是政府和企业。IBM生产并销售计算机硬件及软件，并且为系统架构和网络托管提供咨询服务。截至2013年，IBM已在全球拥有12个研究实验室和大量的软件开发基地。IBM雖然是一家商業公司，但因為過去的發展歷史，在材料、化学、物理等科学领域卻也有很高的成就，利用這些學術研究為基礎，发明很多产品。比较有名的IBM发明的产品包括硬盘、自動櫃員機、通用产品代码、SQL、关系数据库管理系统、DRAM及沃森。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment	IBM (celým názvem International Business Machines Corporation) je americká mezinárodní technologická společnost s hlavním sídlem v ve státě New York v USA. Společnost dnes operuje ve více než 170 zemích světa. Korporace se původem rozvinula ze společnosti CTR = Computing – Tabulating – Recording a až v roce 1924 byla přejmenována na IBM. (cs) Pri la aliaj signifoj de IBM rigardu en IBM (apartigilo). IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) estas grava usona firmao, kiu delonge okupiĝas pri konstruado de potencaj komputiloj. IBM siatempe multe influis aperon de modernaj personaj komputiloj (t. n. IBM-kongruaj). (eo) Is comhlacht ríomhaireachta é International Business Machines, nó IBM mar a thugtar air de ghnáth. Déantúsaíonn agus díolann an comhlacht crua-earraí ríomhaireachta, bogearraí, agus seirbhísí comhairleacha. Faoi seo soláthraíonn IBM bainistíocht áiseanna chun seirbhísí tacaíochta a thabhairt do chomhlachtaí eile maidir le forbairt is feidhmeanna na ríomhaireachta. Tá a cheanncheathrú lonnaithe in , Stát Nua-Eabhrac i SAM. (ga) Ibm est une localité autrichienne. Elle fait partie de la commune de Eggelsberg du district de Braunau am Inn en Haute-Autriche. (fr) IBM（アイビーエム、正式名: International Business Machines Corporation）は、アメリカ合衆国ニューヨーク州アーモンクに本社を置くテクノロジー関連企業。世界170か国以上で事業を展開する典型的な多国籍企業であり、世界最大手規模のIT企業。愛称はビッグブルー。 IBMは1911年にC-T-Rとして創立され、特に1960年代以降はコンピュータ市場で圧倒的な影響力を持ったが、1990年代以降はコンサルティングを含めたサービスとソフトウェア中心の事業に舵を切り、2010年代頃にはクラウドコンピューティングとコグニティブコンピューティングを提供する企業と自己定義している。以降も、レッドハットの巨額買収（2019）やキンドリルのスピンオフ（2020）等で絶えず事業を組み替え、近年は、プラットフォームを中心とするハイブリッドクラウドやAI、ソフトウェア、コンサルティング事業をコア事業としている。米特許商標局（USPTO）が2021年に企業に対して発行した特許に関する調査結果を発表し企業別特許取得件数では米IBMが29年連続の首位を守った。2022年現在、アメリカ合衆国の代表的株価指数とされるダウ平均株価を構成する30銘柄のうちの一社である。 (ja) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, bijgenaamd Big Blue) is een bedrijf dat bij het grote publiek vooral bekend is vanwege de eerste IBM Personal Computer. Tot de kernactiviteiten van IBM behoren het ontwerpen en verkopen van computerhardware, -software, -technologie en dienstverlening in de IT-sector. Het bedrijf wordt ook wel Big Blue genoemd, refererend aan de grote macht van het bedrijf en het blauwe logo. De eerste Nederlandse vestiging werd in 1940 geopend. Het hoofdkantoor bevindt zich in de stad in de staat New York. (nl) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) är ett amerikanskt multinationellt IT-företag. Företaget hade (2017) 380 300 anställda i världen, varav omkring 4 000 i Sverige (2002). IBM har en stor forskningsorganisation och har en rad patent och är ett av de företag som genererar flest patent. Företaget ligger bakom en rad uppfinningar, bland annat bankautomaten, disketten, hårddisken och SQL. Bolaget var tidigare dominerande inom stordatorer och persondatorer och hade en stor del i utvecklingen av dagens datorer. Idag har IBM sålt av persondatorverksamheten (ThinkPad) och fokuserar på system och tjänster. (sv) 國際商業機器公司（英語：International Business Machines Corporation，首字母縮略字：IBM，曾译万国商用机器公司）是美國一家跨國科技公司及諮詢公司，總部位於紐約州阿蒙克市。IBM主要客户是政府和企业。IBM生产并销售计算机硬件及软件，并且为系统架构和网络托管提供咨询服务。截至2013年，IBM已在全球拥有12个研究实验室和大量的软件开发基地。IBM雖然是一家商業公司，但因為過去的發展歷史，在材料、化学、物理等科学领域卻也有很高的成就，利用這些學術研究為基礎，发明很多产品。比较有名的IBM发明的产品包括硬盘、自動櫃員機、通用产品代码、SQL、关系数据库管理系统、DRAM及沃森。 (zh) شركة المؤسسة الدولية للحواسيب (بالإنجليزية: International Business Machines Corporation)‏، تختصر IBM، هي شركة استشارية وتقنية أمريكية متعددة الجنسيات يقع مقرها الرئيسي في أرمونك، نيويورك، ويعمل بها أكثر من 350.000 موظف يخدمون عملاء في 170 دولة. في 8 أكتوبر 2020، أعلنت شركة آي بي إم أنها بصدد تحويل وحدة خدمات البنية التحتية المُدارة التابعة لقسم خدمات التكنولوجيا العالمية إلى شركة عامة جديدة، وهو إجراء من المتوقع أن يكتمل بحلول نهاية عام 2021. (ar) IBM és l'acrònim d'International Business Machines (NYSE IBM) també coneguda col·loquialment com el gegant blau. És una empresa d'informàtica, radicada als Estats Units, que treballa en el món de la informàtica des dels seus diferents vessants (maquinari, programari, sistemes operatius i serveis diversos). Exemples de programari desenvolupat per IBM per al PC són DisplayWrite, i TopView. Té la seu central a Armonk (Estats Units) i és la major empresa informàtica del món, amb fàbriques i oficines repartides per 160 països del món. (ca) Η IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) είναι πολυμετοχική εταιρεία, εισηγμένη στο Χρηματιστήριο της Νέας Υόρκης. Η IBM ιδρύθηκε στην πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης το 1911. Αρχικά, η εταιρεία ονομαζόταν (CTR), αλλά το 1924 μετονομάσθηκε σε IBM. Τα προϊόντα της περιελάμβαναν από ζυγαριές και συσκευές χρονομέτρησης για βιομηχανική χρήση μέχρι υπολογιστικές μηχανές και διάτρητες κάρτες. Σήμερα είναι μια πολυεθνική εταιρεία τεχνολογίας υπολογιστών με κεντρικά γραφεία στο Armonk στην πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης. (el) Die International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) ist ein börsennotiertes US-amerikanisches IT- und Beratungsunternehmen mit Sitz in Armonk im Bundesstaat New York.IBM ist eines der weltweit führenden Unternehmen insbesondere für branchenspezifische Produkte und Dienstleistungen im IT-Bereich sowie Software und Hardware. 2019 beschäftigte IBM weltweit mehr als 300.000 Mitarbeiter. Nach Schätzungen beträgt die Anzahl der Beschäftigten in Deutschland 16.500 (Stand 2015). (de) The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 171 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, by trust businessman Charles Ranlett Flint, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York. IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with over 282,100 employees as of 2022. (en) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) (NYSE: IBM) es una reconocida empresa multinacional estadounidense de tecnología y consultoría con sede en Armonk, Nueva York. IBM fabrica y comercializa hardware y software para computadoras, y ofrece servicios de infraestructura, alojamiento de Internet, y consultoría en una amplia gama de áreas relacionadas con la informática, desde computadoras centrales hasta nanotecnología. (es) International Business Machines edo IBM informatikarekin lotutako herramintak, programak eta zerbitzuak ekoiztu eta merkaturatzen dituen enpresa multinazionala da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako New Yorkeko estatuako hirian du egoitza nagusia. Gutxi gorabehera 390.000 langile ditu 161 herrialdeetan banatuta eta teknologiarekin lotutako zerbitzu-enpresarik handiena da. New Yorkeko Burtsan IBM kodea erabiltzen du. (eu) International Business Machines Corporation (disingkat IBM; NYSE: IBM) adalah sebuah perusahaan Amerika Serikat yang memproduksi dan menjual perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak komputer. IBM didirikan pada 16 Juni 1911, beroperasi sejak 1888 dan berpusat di , Amerika Serikat. memiliki delapan laboratorium riset yang terletak di belahan utara dunia, dengan setengahnya terletak di luar Amerika Serikat. Pegawai IBM telah meraih lima penghargaan Nobel. Di Amerika, mereka juga mendapatkan empat Penghargaan Turing, lima , dan lima Medali Sains Nasional, dan juga banyak lagi di luar Amerika. (in) International Business Machines Corporation, connue sous le sigle IBM, est une société multinationale américaine présente dans les domaines du matériel informatique, du logiciel et des services informatiques. (fr) L'International Business Machines Corporation (comunemente nota come IBM, e soprannominata "Big Blue"), è un'azienda statunitense, la più anziana e tra le maggiori al mondo nel settore informatico. Produce e commercializza hardware, software per computer, middleware e servizi informatici, offrendo infrastrutture, servizi di hosting, cloud computing, intelligenza artificiale, quantum computing e consulenza nel settore informatico e strategico (ad es. in aree che vanno dai computer mainframe alle nanotecnologie). (it) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 IBM (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 국제 사무기기 회사(國際事務機器會社, International Business Machines Corporation; IBM)는 미국의 다국적 기술 및 컨설팅 회사이다. 천공 카드 시스템을 고안한 허먼 홀러리스가 1896년 창설한 가 1911년에 국제시간기록회사, 컴퓨팅 스케일 컴퍼니, 번디 제조회사와 합병해 세운 전산제표기록회사(CTR)가 이 회사의 전신이다. 터뷰레이팅 머신의 자동 표작성기는 1890년의 미국 국세 조사(國勢調査)에 사용되어 대단한 위력을 발휘하였다. CTR은 한때 경영 부진에 빠졌으나 1914년 토머스 J. 왓슨을 사장으로 영입해 급성장의 계기를 이룩했다. (ko) A International Business Machines Corporation (em tradução livre: Corporação Internacional de Máquinas de Negócios, sigla: IBM) é uma empresa dos Estados Unidos voltada para a área de informática. A empresa é uma das poucas na área de tecnologia da informação (TI) com uma história contínua que remonta ao século XIX. A IBM fabrica e vende hardware e software, oferece serviços de infraestrutura, serviços de hospedagem e serviços de consultoria nas áreas que vão desde computadores de grande porte até a nanotecnologia. Foi apelidada de "Big Blue" por adotar o azul como sua cor corporativa oficial, em português "Grande Azul". (pt) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) – amerykańska spółka publiczna, będąca jednym z najstarszych przedsiębiorstw informatycznych na świecie. Obecnie przedsiębiorstwo oferuje rozwiązania w oparciu o usługi doradcze i informatyczne oraz oprogramowanie i sprzęt. Jej główną siedzibą jest Armonk w pobliżu Nowego Jorku. W 2020 roku zatrudniało 383 tys. pracowników na całym świecie i osiągnęło przychód w wysokości 73,6 mld USD oraz zysk netto w wysokości 5,5 mld USD. Akcje przedsiębiorstwa notowane są na giełdzie New York Stock Exchange od 11 listopada 1915. (pl) IBM (произносится ай-би-эм; [aɪbiːˈɛm]; аббр. от англ. International Business Machines) — американская компания со штаб-квартирой в Армонке (штат Нью-Йорк), один из крупнейших в мире производителей и поставщиков аппаратного и программного обеспечения, а также IТ-сервисов и консалтинговых услуг. Распространённое прозвище компании — Big Blue, что можно перевести с английского как «большой синий» или «голубой гигант». Существует несколько версий относительно этого прозвища: (ru) International Business Machines Corporation (вимовляється Ай-Бі-Е́м, також відома як IBM або «Блакитний гігант») — американська електронна корпорація, один із найбільших світових виробників усіх видів комп'ютерів і програмного забезпечення, один із найбільших провайдерів глобальних інформаційних мереж. Корпорація посідає 6-те місце в списку найбільших компаній світу. Штаб-квартира розташована у Армонку, штат Нью-Йорк, США. Історія починається з XIX століття. IBM виробляє та продає апаратне та програмне забезпечення, послуги (хостинг, консалтинг) у сферах від мейнфреймів до нанотехнологій. (uk)
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