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The second city of the United Kingdom is an unofficial claim made at various times by several cities since the establishment of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 (the United Kingdom was formed in January 1801). Commonly a country's "second city" is the city that is thought to be the second-most important, according to criteria such as population size, economic importance and cultural contribution. The UK adheres to the primate city rule, meaning that its largest city is disproportionately larger than all the others. London, the UK's capital, is by far its largest city, with the UK's other major cities generally more like each other in population and economy than any one of them is to London. As the title is unofficial and there is no agreed set of criteria, the 'second city' debate is u

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  • Identitas kota kedua di Britania Raya adalah subyek yang masih diperdebatkan. di sebuah negara adalah suatu kota yang dianggap sebagai kota yang paling penting kedua, biasanya setelah ibu kota atau kota pertama (London, dalam kasus ini), serta berdasarkan pada kriteria seperti jumlah populasi, tingkat perekonomian, dan kontribusi budaya. Britania Raya tidak memiliki kota kedua yang resmi, juga tidak ada mekanisme resmi atau kriteria untuk pemberian status tersebut. Warga dan pemimpin sipil kota saingan sering berdebat mengenai klaim atas status kota kedua ini. Birmingham secara umum dianggap sebagai kota kedua di Britania Raya sejak Perang Dunia I, yang memiliki jumlah penduduk dan PDB terbesar (Daftar kota menurut PDB) setelah London. Namun, hasil jajak pendapat baru-baru ini, berdasarkan referensi media, dan merujuk pada peringkat kota secara global, Manchester juga mulai dianggap sebagai kota kedua sejak tahun 2000. Anggapan ini dikaitkan dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan , media massa, , dan di Manchester sejak . menunjukkan bahwa Manchester merupakan kota dengan pertumbuhan penduduk tercepat (di luar London) di Britania Raya, dengan pertumbuhan populasi sebesar 19%, sedangkan Birmingham hanya mencatatkan pertumbuhan populasi sebesar 9%. Kota-kota lainnya, baik di Inggris maupun di Skotlandia, juga sering kali dianggap sebagai kota kedua. Misalnya Glasgow di Skotlandia, yang pada masa lalu disebut sebagai Kota Kedua Imperium. Selama abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, seluruh Irlandia adalah bagian dari kedaulatan Britania Raya. Pada masa ini, Dublin-lah yang dianggap sebagai kota kedua. Pada masa kini, semakin sulit untuk menentukan kota yang layak menjadi kota kedua di Britania Raya jika merujuk pada kriteria faktor budaya. Semua kota-kota utama di Britania Raya telah memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan budaya Britania; selain Birmingham dan Manchester, Edinburgh, Glasgow ( pada 1990), Liverpool (Ibu kota Kebudayaan Eropa 2008), Leeds, Sheffield, Cardiff, Newcastle upon Tyne, Kingston upon Hull, Bradford, dan kota-kota lainnya juga berjaya dan diakui secara internasional dalam hal keunggulan olahraga, musik, dan seni pertunjukan. (in)
  • The second city of the United Kingdom is an unofficial claim made at various times by several cities since the establishment of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 (the United Kingdom was formed in January 1801). Commonly a country's "second city" is the city that is thought to be the second-most important, according to criteria such as population size, economic importance and cultural contribution. The UK adheres to the primate city rule, meaning that its largest city is disproportionately larger than all the others. London, the UK's capital, is by far its largest city, with the UK's other major cities generally more like each other in population and economy than any one of them is to London. As the title is unofficial and there is no agreed set of criteria, the 'second city' debate is ultimately a subjective one. No one city has consistently held claim to the 'second city' title over the course of British history. In the middle ages, Norwich was the second-largest city in England, being gradually superseded by Bristol from the seventeenth century onwards. During the latter half of the Georgian era (c. 1750–1830), Dublin was widely considered to be the second city of the British Empire, although by the turn of the 20th century the city had been eclipsed by several rapidly industrialising cities in Britain. This included Glasgow, which by Victorian times was sometimes described as the second city of the Empire. Today, Birmingham is typically described as the UK's second city. In recent decades, Manchester has come to be regarded as a contender for the title. There are alternative claims for Edinburgh, by virtue of being the capital of Scotland, and for Cardiff and Belfast due to their status as the respective capital cities of Wales and Northern Ireland. (en)
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  • The second city of the United Kingdom is an unofficial claim made at various times by several cities since the establishment of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 (the United Kingdom was formed in January 1801). Commonly a country's "second city" is the city that is thought to be the second-most important, according to criteria such as population size, economic importance and cultural contribution. The UK adheres to the primate city rule, meaning that its largest city is disproportionately larger than all the others. London, the UK's capital, is by far its largest city, with the UK's other major cities generally more like each other in population and economy than any one of them is to London. As the title is unofficial and there is no agreed set of criteria, the 'second city' debate is u (en)
  • Identitas kota kedua di Britania Raya adalah subyek yang masih diperdebatkan. di sebuah negara adalah suatu kota yang dianggap sebagai kota yang paling penting kedua, biasanya setelah ibu kota atau kota pertama (London, dalam kasus ini), serta berdasarkan pada kriteria seperti jumlah populasi, tingkat perekonomian, dan kontribusi budaya. Britania Raya tidak memiliki kota kedua yang resmi, juga tidak ada mekanisme resmi atau kriteria untuk pemberian status tersebut. Warga dan pemimpin sipil kota saingan sering berdebat mengenai klaim atas status kota kedua ini. (in)
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  • Kota kedua di Britania Raya (in)
  • Second city of the United Kingdom (en)
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