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Codice Cellere Cèllere Codex
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Il Codice Cellere (ufficialmente, Del Viaggio del Verrazzano Nobile Fiorentino al Servizio di Francesco I, Ri de Francia, fatto nel 1524 all'America Settentrionale, anche Morgan MS. MA. 776) è una delle tre copie superstiti di un manoscritto originariamente creato nel 1524. Questo manoscritto, noto come Lettera a Francesco I, era una lettera inviata da Giovanni da Verrazzano (1481–1528) al re Francesco I di Francia che descriveva la navigazione del primo sulla costa orientale degli Stati Uniti. Verrazzano era un italiano che viveva in Francia, e intraprese il suo viaggio al servizio di Francesco I. Il Re, spinto dalla comunità mercantile francese, incaricò Verrazzano di scoprire se vi fosse un passaggio diretto dall'Atlantico al Catai (antico nome della Cina) e al Giappone. Questi erano im The Cèllere Codex (officially, Del Viaggio del Verrazzano Nobile Fiorentino al Servizio di Francesco I, Ri de Francia, fatto nel 1524 all'America Settentrionale, also Morgan MS. MA. 776) is one of three surviving copies of a manuscript originally created in 1524. This manuscript was a letter sent by Giovanni da Verrazzano (1481–1528) to King Francis I of France describing the former's navigation of the East Coast of the United States. Verrazzano was an Italian who lived in France, and he undertook his voyage in Francis' service. The King, prompted by the French mercantile community, charged Verrazzano to discover whether there was a direct passage from the Atlantic to China and Japan. These were important trading partners—particularly in silks and spices— for most European nations.
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My intention on this voyage was to reach Cathay and the extreme eastern coast of Asia, but I did not expect to find such an obstacle of new land as I have found; and if for some reason I did expect to find it, I estimated there would be some strait to get through to the Eastern Ocean They were surprised that the climate was, in May, 'somewhat' colder than Rome, the latter being on the same parallel — an observation that was to become all too familiar to northern explorers and settlers. All considerations, indeed, are consistent with the assumption that this MS is a clerk's copy of the letter as Verrazzano wrote it in his native Italian; and it is quite likely the very one to which Verrazzano appended in his own hand important notes to be incorporated in the translation into French for the King-an idea supported by the fact that many of the notes are such as would be of personal complimentary interest to King Francis. "These people", wrote Verrazzano of the Rhode Islanders, "are the most beautiful and have the most civil customs we have found on this voyage. They are taller than we are; they are a bronze colour, some tending towards whiteness, others to a tawny colour; the face is clear-cut, the hair is long and black".
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Bernard J. Hoffman, 1961
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Luca Codignola Giovanni da Verrazzano, Cèllere Codex, c.1524 dbr:William_Francis_Ganong dbr:Robert_Knecht
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The text itself shows that we are dealing with the work of a man of letters. The humanistic culture of the Renaissance is everywhere in evidence, particularly in the cosmographical appendix, in which Verrazzano's empirical philosophy appears with great clarity.
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dbo:abstract
Il Codice Cellere (ufficialmente, Del Viaggio del Verrazzano Nobile Fiorentino al Servizio di Francesco I, Ri de Francia, fatto nel 1524 all'America Settentrionale, anche Morgan MS. MA. 776) è una delle tre copie superstiti di un manoscritto originariamente creato nel 1524. Questo manoscritto, noto come Lettera a Francesco I, era una lettera inviata da Giovanni da Verrazzano (1481–1528) al re Francesco I di Francia che descriveva la navigazione del primo sulla costa orientale degli Stati Uniti. Verrazzano era un italiano che viveva in Francia, e intraprese il suo viaggio al servizio di Francesco I. Il Re, spinto dalla comunità mercantile francese, incaricò Verrazzano di scoprire se vi fosse un passaggio diretto dall'Atlantico al Catai (antico nome della Cina) e al Giappone. Questi erano importanti partner commerciali, in particolare nelle sete e nelle spezie, per la maggior parte delle nazioni europee. Il Codice è considerato dagli studiosi la più importante delle tre copie, anche se si discute su quanto peso debba essere dato ad alcuni dettagli che fornisce. In dodici pagine, il Codice descrive come Verrazzano salpò verso ovest da Madera nel dicembre 1523, e in poco più di un mese giunse nella odierna Carolina del Nord. Da lì si diresse a sud, verso la Florida. Questa rotta non era priva di pericoli, poiché la Florida rappresentava il punto settentrionale dell'Impero spagnolo e le navi da guerra spagnole pattugliavano il mare. Verrazzano virò quindi di nuovo verso nord e, costeggiando, passò Virginia, New Jersey e infine New York, dove si ancorò in quello che oggi è il porto di New York. Proseguì quindi a nord intorno al New England, verso Terranova, dove, con le provviste in esaurimento, si diresse verso est. Verrazzano e l'equipaggio tornarono a Dieppe nel luglio 1524. Il Codice descrive il viaggio di Verrazzano in modo molto più dettagliato rispetto alle altre versioni della sua lettera, forse perché originariamente trascritto dal fratello di Verrazzano e poi ulteriormente annotato dallo stesso Giovanni. Fu inviato tramite una serie di lettere ai colleghi di Verrazzano in Francia e poi in Italia, dove rimase poi sconosciuto in una biblioteca viterbese fino ai primi del Novecento. Fino alla sua scoperta c'erano stati dei dubbi sul fatto che Verrazzano avesse mai fatto quel viaggio. The Cèllere Codex (officially, Del Viaggio del Verrazzano Nobile Fiorentino al Servizio di Francesco I, Ri de Francia, fatto nel 1524 all'America Settentrionale, also Morgan MS. MA. 776) is one of three surviving copies of a manuscript originally created in 1524. This manuscript was a letter sent by Giovanni da Verrazzano (1481–1528) to King Francis I of France describing the former's navigation of the East Coast of the United States. Verrazzano was an Italian who lived in France, and he undertook his voyage in Francis' service. The King, prompted by the French mercantile community, charged Verrazzano to discover whether there was a direct passage from the Atlantic to China and Japan. These were important trading partners—particularly in silks and spices— for most European nations. The Codex is considered by scholars to be the most important of the three copies, although there is debate as to how much weight should be given to some of the detail it provides. Over twelve pages, the Codex describes how Verrazzano sailed due west from Madeira in December 1523, and in little more than a month had arrived at North Carolina. From there they journeyed south, towards Florida. This direction was not without danger, as Florida represented the northerly point of the Spanish Empire, and Spanish warships patrolled the sea. Verrazzano then turned northwards again and, hugging the coast, passed Virginia, New Jersey, and eventually New York, where he anchored in what is now New York Harbor. He then continued north around New England, to Newfoundland, where, with provisions running low, he turned eastwards. Verrazzano and crew returned to Dieppe in July 1524. The Codex describes Verrazzano's journey in a far greater degree of detail than the other versions of his letter, which may be because it was originally transcribed by Verrazzano's brother, and then further annotated by Verrazzano himself. It was sent via a series of letters to colleagues of Verrazzano in France and then to Italy, where it then remained undiscovered in a Viterbo library until the early twentieth century. Until its discovery there had been some doubt as to whether Verrazzano had ever made the voyage at all.
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