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- المنهج الفلسفي هو تحليل ودراسة القواعد التي تحدِّد كيفيَّة القيام بالفلسفة أو ممارسة الفلسفة، من المتَّفق عليه أنَّ الطرق الفلسفيَّة المختلفة في الإجابة عن الأسئلة أو معالجة المعضلات الفلسفيَّة تتبع لمنهجيَّة واحدة رغم أنَّ الفلاسفة لا يستخدمون طريقة واحدة في ذلك. (ar)
- In its most common sense, philosophical methodology is the field of inquiry studying the methods used to do philosophy. But the term can also refer to the methods themselves. It may be understood in a wide sense as the general study of principles used for theory selection, or in a more narrow sense as the study of ways of conducting one's research and theorizing with the goal of acquiring philosophical knowledge. Philosophical methodology investigates both descriptive issues, such as which methods actually have been used by philosophers, and normative issues, such as which methods should be used or how to do good philosophy. A great variety of philosophical methods have been employed. Methodological skepticism uses systematic doubt in its search for absolutely certain or indubitable first principles of philosophy. The geometrical method starts with a small set of such principles and tries to build a comprehensive philosophical system on this small foundation based on deductive inferences. The phenomenological method aims to arrive at certain knowledge about the realm of appearances by suspending one's judgments about the external world underlying these appearances. Verificationists focus on the conditions of empirical verification of philosophical claims in order to understand their meaning and to expose meaningless claims. Conceptual analysis is used to analyze philosophical concepts by determining their fundamental constituents with the goal of clarifying their meaning. Common-sense philosophy uses commonly accepted beliefs as its starting point for philosophizing. It is often used in a negative sense to criticize radical philosophical positions that constitute a significant departure from common sense. It is closely related to ordinary language philosophy, which approaches philosophical problems by studying how the related terms are used in ordinary language. Intuition-based methods use intuitions, i.e. non-inferential impressions concerning specific cases or general principles, to evaluate whether a philosophical claim is true or false. Intuitions play a central role in thought experiments, in which certain situations are imagined and their possible consequences are assessed in order to confirm or refute philosophical theories. The method of reflective equilibrium consists in considering all the relevant evidence for and against a theory with the goal of arriving at a balanced and coherent perspective on the issue in question. Pragmatists focus on the consequences of accepting or rejecting philosophical theories with the purpose of assessing whether the theories are true or false. The transcendental method usually starts with trivial facts about our mental life and tries to infer various interesting conclusions from them based on the claim that the trivial fact could not be true if these conclusions were false, i.e. that they constitute its conditions of possibility. Experimental philosophy applies the methods found in social psychology and the cognitive sciences, such as conducting surveys, to philosophical problems. Other methods include the Socratic method, theory selection based on theoretical virtues, methodological naturalism, truthmaker theory, and the genealogical method. The questions in philosophical methodology do not primarily concern which philosophical claims are true, but how to determine which ones are true. However, these two issues are closely related nonetheless since the choice of one's method often has important implications for the arguments cited for and against philosophical theories. In this sense, methodological disagreements are often reflected in philosophical disagreements. Philosophical methodology is closely related to various fields. Theorists often use the contrast to the natural sciences to emphasize how different the methods of philosophy are. Philsophical methodology has also an intimate relation with epistemology since both fields are interested in studying how to determine what we should believe. (en)
- 철학방법(哲學方法, 철학방법론, Philosophical method, philosophical methodology) 철학을 어떻게하는지 방법에 관한 연구이다. 철학자들 가운데서 일반적인 견해는 철학이란 철학자들이 철학적 질문들을 진술하는 그 방법들과는 구별된다는 것이다. 철학자들이 철학적 질문들에 답변하는데는 꼭 하나의 방법만 있는 것이 아니다. (ko)
- 哲学方法論（英語：philosophical methodology）是关于如何做哲学的研究。哲学家之间的观点是，哲學家解决哲学问题时遵循的方式与众不同，並且哲学家不仅使用一种方法来回答哲学问题。 (zh)
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- المنهج الفلسفي هو تحليل ودراسة القواعد التي تحدِّد كيفيَّة القيام بالفلسفة أو ممارسة الفلسفة، من المتَّفق عليه أنَّ الطرق الفلسفيَّة المختلفة في الإجابة عن الأسئلة أو معالجة المعضلات الفلسفيَّة تتبع لمنهجيَّة واحدة رغم أنَّ الفلاسفة لا يستخدمون طريقة واحدة في ذلك. (ar)
- 철학방법(哲學方法, 철학방법론, Philosophical method, philosophical methodology) 철학을 어떻게하는지 방법에 관한 연구이다. 철학자들 가운데서 일반적인 견해는 철학이란 철학자들이 철학적 질문들을 진술하는 그 방법들과는 구별된다는 것이다. 철학자들이 철학적 질문들에 답변하는데는 꼭 하나의 방법만 있는 것이 아니다. (ko)
- 哲学方法論（英語：philosophical methodology）是关于如何做哲学的研究。哲学家之间的观点是，哲學家解决哲学问题时遵循的方式与众不同，並且哲学家不仅使用一种方法来回答哲学问题。 (zh)
- In its most common sense, philosophical methodology is the field of inquiry studying the methods used to do philosophy. But the term can also refer to the methods themselves. It may be understood in a wide sense as the general study of principles used for theory selection, or in a more narrow sense as the study of ways of conducting one's research and theorizing with the goal of acquiring philosophical knowledge. Philosophical methodology investigates both descriptive issues, such as which methods actually have been used by philosophers, and normative issues, such as which methods should be used or how to do good philosophy. (en)
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