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- Filipo el Árabe fue uno de los pocos emperadores romanos del siglo III que le tuvo simpatía a los cristianos, aunque su relación con el cristianismo es una temática oscura y polémica. Filipo nació en Auranitis, un distrito árabe al este del Mar de Galilea. Los centros urbanos y helénicos de la región fueron cristianizados en los primeros años del siglo III a través de los principales centros cristianos en Bosra y Edessa; hay poca evidencia de la presencia cristiana en los pueblos pequeños de la región en este período, como en el lugar de nacimiento de Filipo en Shahba. Filipo sirvió como prefecto del pretorio, comandante de la Guardia Pretoriana, a partir del año 242; posteriormente, fue nombrado emperador en el año 244. En el año 249, después de una breve guerra civil, murió a manos de su sucesor, Decio. A finales del siglo III y durante el IV, algunos clérigos sostuvieron que Filipo había sido el primer emperador cristiano; así fue descrito en la de Jerónimo que era muy conocida durante la Edad Media y en el muy popular de Orosio (la Historia Contra los Paganos). La mayoría de los expertos sostienen que éstos y otros informes derivan finalmente de Historia Ecclesiastica (la Historia Eclesiástica) de Eusebio de Cesarea. La más importante sección de la Historia de Eusebio sobre las creencias religiosas de Filipo describe la visita del emperador a una Iglesia en Sábado Santo cuando se le negó la entrada por parte del obispo hasta que éste confesase sus pecados. (es)
- Philip the Arab was one of the few 3rd-century Roman emperors sympathetic to Christians, although his relationship with Christianity is obscure and controversial. Philip was born in Auranitis, an Arab district east of the Sea of Galilee. The urban and Hellenized centers of the region were Christianized in the early years of the 3rd century via major Christian centers at Bosra and Edessa, but there is little evidence of Christian presence in the small villages of the region in this period, such as Philip's birthplace at Philippopolis. Philip served as praetorian prefect, commander of the Praetorian Guard, from 242; he was made emperor in 244. In 249, after a brief civil war, he was killed at the hands of his successor, Decius. During the late 3rd century and into the 4th, it was held by some churchmen that Philip had been the first Christian emperor; he was described as such in Jerome's Chronicon (Chronicle), which was well known during the Middle Ages, and in Paulus Orosius' highly popular Historia Adversus Paganos (History Against the Pagans). Most scholars hold that these and other early accounts ultimately derive from Eusebius of Caesarea's Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History). The most important section of Eusebius' Historia on Philip's religious beliefs describes the emperor's visit to a church on Easter Eve when he was denied entry by the presiding bishop until he confessed his sins. The account is paralleled by John Chrysostom's homily, which celebrates Saint Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, for denying a sinful emperor entry to his church; and quotations of Leontius in the Chronicon Paschale which describe Philip seeking penitence from Babylas for the sin of murdering his predecessor. Given the parallels between the accounts, most scholars believe that Eusebius, Chrysostom, and Leontius are referring to the same event. With the growth of scholarly criticism in the 17th and 18th centuries, fewer historians believed Philip to be a Christian. Historians had become increasingly aware of secular texts, which did not describe Philip as a Christian—and which, indeed, recorded him participating as pontifex maximus (chief priest) over the millennial Secular Games in 248. Modern scholars are divided on the issue. Some, like Hans Pohlsander and Ernst Stein, argue that the ecclesiastic narratives are ambiguous, based on oral rumor, and do not vouch for a Christian Philip; others, like John York, Irfan Shahîd, and Warwick Ball, argue that the ecclesiastic narratives are clear and dependable enough that Philip can be described as a Christian; still others, like Glen Bowersock, argue that the sources are strong enough to describe Philip as a man interested in and sympathetic to Christianity, but not strong enough to call him a Christian. (en)
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- Filipo el Árabe fue uno de los pocos emperadores romanos del siglo III que le tuvo simpatía a los cristianos, aunque su relación con el cristianismo es una temática oscura y polémica. Filipo nació en Auranitis, un distrito árabe al este del Mar de Galilea. Los centros urbanos y helénicos de la región fueron cristianizados en los primeros años del siglo III a través de los principales centros cristianos en Bosra y Edessa; hay poca evidencia de la presencia cristiana en los pueblos pequeños de la región en este período, como en el lugar de nacimiento de Filipo en Shahba. Filipo sirvió como prefecto del pretorio, comandante de la Guardia Pretoriana, a partir del año 242; posteriormente, fue nombrado emperador en el año 244. En el año 249, después de una breve guerra civil, murió a manos de (es)
- Philip the Arab was one of the few 3rd-century Roman emperors sympathetic to Christians, although his relationship with Christianity is obscure and controversial. Philip was born in Auranitis, an Arab district east of the Sea of Galilee. The urban and Hellenized centers of the region were Christianized in the early years of the 3rd century via major Christian centers at Bosra and Edessa, but there is little evidence of Christian presence in the small villages of the region in this period, such as Philip's birthplace at Philippopolis. Philip served as praetorian prefect, commander of the Praetorian Guard, from 242; he was made emperor in 244. In 249, after a brief civil war, he was killed at the hands of his successor, Decius. (en)
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