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- Un transvasament és la canalització d'aigua de la conca d'un riu fins a una altra conca que es considera deficitària. (ca)
- Interbasin transfer or transbasin diversion are (often hyphenated) terms used to describe man-made conveyance schemes which move water from one river basin where it is available, to another basin where water is less available or could be utilized better for human development. The purpose of such water resource engineering schemes can be to alleviate water shortages in the receiving basin, to generate electricity, or both. Rarely, as in the case of the Glory River which diverted water from the Tigris to Euphrates River in modern Iraq, interbasin transfers have been undertaken for political purposes. While ancient water supply examples exist, the first modern developments were undertaken in the 19th century in Australia, India and the United States, feeding large cities such as Denver and Los Angeles. Since the 20th century many more similar projects have followed in other countries, including Israel and China, and contributions to the Green Revolution in India and hydropower development in Canada. Since conveyance of water between natural basins are described as both a subtraction at the source and as an addition at the destination, such projects may be controversial in some places and over time; they may also be seen as controversial due to their scale, costs and environmental or developmental impacts. In Texas, for example, a 2007 report analyzed the costs and benefits of IBTs in Texas, concluding that while some are essential, barriers to IBT development include cost, resistance to new reservoir construction and environmental impacts. Despite the costs and other concerns involved, IBTs play an essential role in the state's 50-year water planning horizon. Of 44 recommended ground and surface water conveyance and transfer projects included in the 2012 Texas State Water Plan, 15 would rely on IBTs. While developed countries often have exploited the most economical sites already with large benefits, many large-scale diversion/transfer schemes have been proposed in developing countries such as Brazil, African countries, India and China. These more modern transfers have been justified because of their potential economic and social benefits in more heavily populated areas, stemming from increased for irrigation, industrial and municipal water supply, and renewable energy needs. These projects are also justified because of possible climate change and a concern over decreased water availability in the future; in that light, these projects thus tend to hedge against ensuing droughts and increasing demand. Projects conveying water between basins economically are often large and expensive, and involve major public and/or private infrastructure planning and coordination. In some cases where desired flow is not provided by gravity alone, additional use of energy is required for pumping water to the destination. Projects of this type can also be complicated in legal terms, since water and riparian rights are affected; this is especially true if the basin of origin is a transnational river. Furthermore, these transfers can have significant environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems at the source. In some cases water conservation measures at the destination can make such water transfers less immediately necessary to alleviate water scarcity, delay their need to be built, or reduce their initial size and cost. (en)
- Los trasvases son obras hidráulicas cuya finalidad es la de incrementar la disponibilidad de agua en una población adicionando agua desde una cuenca vecina. Los usos específicos del agua pueden ser los más variados, sin embargo los más comunes son:
* Abastecimiento de agua potable a ciudades con un número de habitantes superior al que podrían soportar los recursos hídricos de la cuenca en la cual se sitúa la ciudad. Esta necesidad se da en casi todas si no en todas las megaciudades. Esta situación acarrea una serie de impactos ambientales, sobre todo si se considera que las aguas servidas se restituirán en una cuenca diferente de la que se extrajo el agua.
* Riego, este tipo de obras se hace necesario cuando las tierras de buena calidad se encuentran en áreas con escasos recursos hídricos. Un caso muy típico es toda la Vertiente del Pacífico, en la costa peruana, donde se han construido una serie de trasvases de cuencas, entre otros:
* Proyecto Especial Chira Piura, en el norte del Perú, donde las aguas regularizadas por un embalse en la cuenca del río Chira se trasvasan a la cuenca del río Piura;
* Proyecto Especial Majes, en el Departamento de Arequipa, en el sur del Perú donde las aguas del río Colca se trasvasan al río Chili.
* Proyecto Especial Choclococha, en el Departamento de Ica, en el centro de la costa peruana. Una parte del agua que se produce en la parte alta de la cuenca del río Pampas, de la vertiente del Atlántico es revertida hacia la vertiente del Pacífico.
* Generación de energía hidroeléctrica. Estas obras son bastante frecuentes y es una forma de construir embalses más pequeños y maximizar el uso de la potencia instalada en la central Hidroeléctrica.
* Para usos múltiples. (es)
- 유역간 물이동은 하천의 물줄기를 인위적으로 본래와 다른 방향으로 바꾸어 다른 하천이나 바다로 물 흐름의 방향을 변경시키는 것을 말한다. 특히 발전소에서는 유역변경식(流域變更式)이라는 말이 쓰인다. 한국에서 유역간 물이동은 주로 발전의 목적이나 이를 겸하여 활용된다. 용수 이용와 발전을 겸한 목적의 유역변경은 대표적으로 섬진강댐이, 전력 생산 목적이 주된 곳은 장진호 등이 있다. 효율성을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일제강점기에는 압록강지류인 허천강, 부전강에 댐을 설치하고 낙차가 큰 동해 쪽으로 유로를 돌려 수력발전 시설을 설치하였다. 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 1986년부터 2003년까지 북한강상류에 금강산댐(임남댐)을 건설하여 원산 방향으로 유로를 돌려서 수력발전 및 공업용수 등으로 이용하고 있다. 대한민국에서는 이 댐의 하류인 휴전선 부근에 평화의 댐을 건설하였다. 대한민국에서는 남한강 상류인 송천에 을 건설하고 동해로 유로를 돌려 전력을 생산하고자 강릉수력발전소를 건설하였다. 발전 목적이 없는 수자원 활용 목적의 유역간 물이동으로는 최근 4대강 정비 사업 과정에서 금강물을 보령댐 보령호로 옮긴 도수로나, 1990년대에서 2000년대에 건설된 안동댐-임하댐 연결 도수로 및 임하댐 물을 금호강으로 보내는 등이 있다. (ko)
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| rdfs:comment
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- Un transvasament és la canalització d'aigua de la conca d'un riu fins a una altra conca que es considera deficitària. (ca)
- Interbasin transfer or transbasin diversion are (often hyphenated) terms used to describe man-made conveyance schemes which move water from one river basin where it is available, to another basin where water is less available or could be utilized better for human development. The purpose of such water resource engineering schemes can be to alleviate water shortages in the receiving basin, to generate electricity, or both. Rarely, as in the case of the Glory River which diverted water from the Tigris to Euphrates River in modern Iraq, interbasin transfers have been undertaken for political purposes. While ancient water supply examples exist, the first modern developments were undertaken in the 19th century in Australia, India and the United States, feeding large cities such as Denver and Lo (en)
- Los trasvases son obras hidráulicas cuya finalidad es la de incrementar la disponibilidad de agua en una población adicionando agua desde una cuenca vecina. Los usos específicos del agua pueden ser los más variados, sin embargo los más comunes son: (es)
- 유역간 물이동은 하천의 물줄기를 인위적으로 본래와 다른 방향으로 바꾸어 다른 하천이나 바다로 물 흐름의 방향을 변경시키는 것을 말한다. 특히 발전소에서는 유역변경식(流域變更式)이라는 말이 쓰인다. 한국에서 유역간 물이동은 주로 발전의 목적이나 이를 겸하여 활용된다. 용수 이용와 발전을 겸한 목적의 유역변경은 대표적으로 섬진강댐이, 전력 생산 목적이 주된 곳은 장진호 등이 있다. 효율성을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일제강점기에는 압록강지류인 허천강, 부전강에 댐을 설치하고 낙차가 큰 동해 쪽으로 유로를 돌려 수력발전 시설을 설치하였다. 조선민주주의인민공화국에서는 1986년부터 2003년까지 북한강상류에 금강산댐(임남댐)을 건설하여 원산 방향으로 유로를 돌려서 수력발전 및 공업용수 등으로 이용하고 있다. 대한민국에서는 이 댐의 하류인 휴전선 부근에 평화의 댐을 건설하였다. 대한민국에서는 남한강 상류인 송천에 을 건설하고 동해로 유로를 돌려 전력을 생산하고자 강릉수력발전소를 건설하였다. (ko)
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