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The Green Revolution was a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers. Mainly led by agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan in India, this period was part of the larger Green Revolution endeavor initiated by Norman E Borlaug, which leveraged agricultural research and technology to increase agricultural productivity in the developing world.

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  • The Green Revolution was a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers. Mainly led by agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan in India, this period was part of the larger Green Revolution endeavor initiated by Norman E Borlaug, which leveraged agricultural research and technology to increase agricultural productivity in the developing world. Under premiership of Congress leader Lal Bahadur Shastri, the Green Revolution within India commenced in 1968, leading to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat, and rust resistant strains of wheat. The long-term effects of green revolution have been analysed by environmentalists like Vandana Shiva and others who say that it caused greater environmental, financial and sociological problems like droughts, rural indebtedness and farmer suicides. Reports have shown soil deterioration from the use of chemicals which has led to the collapse of agricultural systems in many regions of the country, and negatively affected the farmers, food and water supply. (en)
  • La révolution verte en Inde est une période de forte augmentation de la production agricole dans les années 1960 grâce à une modernisation des techniques. Au moment de son indépendance en 1947, la situation alimentaire de l’Inde était très mauvaise, et beaucoup d'observateurs prévoyaient une évolution catastrophique du pays. Nehru, le nouveau Premier Ministre de l'Inde, déclarait en 1948 « everything else can wait but not agriculture ». Ce qui se traduit par « tout le reste peut attendre, mais pas l'agriculture. » Le pays a cependant déjoué ces sombres pronostics, parvenant à mettre en œuvre une révolution verte qui, par une agriculture à haut rendement, a pu apporter en quelques années l'autosuffisance alimentaire au pays. De nombreux paysans ont pu profiter des progrès, tandis que des dégâts environnementaux sont déplorés. Depuis 1947, la population a plus que triplé, dépassant le milliard d'habitants (1,3 milliard), faisant de l'Inde le deuxième pays le plus peuplé au monde après la Chine. (fr)
  • Revolusi Hijau di India adalah sebuah periode ketika meningkatkan lahan-lahannya karena untuk menerapkan teknologi agronomi. Revolusi tersebut memperbolehkan negara-negara berkembang, untuk mengurusi urusan pangannya sendiri. Revolusi tersebut dimulai di India pada awal 1960an dan berujung pada peningkatan produksi makanan, khususnya di Punjab, Haryana dan Uttar Pradesh pada fase awal. Pengembangan utama adalah varietas perladangan tinggi gandum, yang dikembangkan oleh beberapa ilmuwan, yang meliputi agronom Amerika Dr. Norman Borlaug, ahli genetik Amerika M. S. Swaminathan, dan lain-lain. juga diklaim ikut serta dalam Revolusi Hijau tersebut. Pengenalan varietas benih perladangan tinggi (benih hibrida) dan peningkatan penggunaan pupuk kimia dan irigasi berujuk pada peningkatan produksi yang dibunuhkan untuk membuat negara menjadi berdikari dalam biji-bijian pangan, yang diterapkan dalam . Metode-metode yang diadposi meliputi penggunaan varietas benih perladangan tinggi dengan metode perkebunan modern. Produksi gandum telah memproduksi hasil-hasil terbaik dalam pencukupan bahan bakar sendiri di India. Bersmaa dengan biji-bijian perladangan tinggi dan fasilitas irigasi, keantusiasan para petani memobilisasikan gagasan revolusi pertanian. Karena meningkatnya penggunaan pestisida dan pupuk kimia, terdapat dampak negatif terhadap tanah dan lahan seperti degradasi lahan. (in)
  • A Revolução Verde da Índia aconteceu em 1965, com a introdução de sementes híbridas, fertilizantes e a implantação de técnicas de irrigação, tornando a Índia auto-suficiente na produção de alimentos. A revolução, embora tenha causado concentrado terras nas mãos de poucos proprietários, foi essencial para salvar milhões de pessoas da fome, já que as políticas de esquerda se mostravam ineficientes. Os agricultores desejavam uma revolução através da implementação de fertilizantes e sementes híbridas.No entanto, essa modernização não atingiu todos os agricultores, apenas os grandes latifundiários, adeptos ao modo de produção agrícola plantation, se beneficiaram do processo. Isso criou um verdadeiro apartheid agropecuários no país:de um lado, áreas de monocultura altamente produtivas, voltadas para exportação e responsáveis por cerca de 25% do PIB atual ; do outro, pequenas áreas de baixa produtividade e difícil acesso, o que torna a produção de alimentos insuficiente para a gigantesca população da Índia. (pt)
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  • Farmers, young and old, educated and uneducated, have easily taken to the new agronomy. It has been heart-warming to see young college graduates, retired officials, ex-army men, illiterate peasants and small farmers queuing up to get the new seeds. (en)
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  • Punjab Miracle. The Illustrated Weekly of India (en)
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  • The Green Revolution was a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers. Mainly led by agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan in India, this period was part of the larger Green Revolution endeavor initiated by Norman E Borlaug, which leveraged agricultural research and technology to increase agricultural productivity in the developing world. (en)
  • Revolusi Hijau di India adalah sebuah periode ketika meningkatkan lahan-lahannya karena untuk menerapkan teknologi agronomi. Revolusi tersebut memperbolehkan negara-negara berkembang, untuk mengurusi urusan pangannya sendiri. Revolusi tersebut dimulai di India pada awal 1960an dan berujung pada peningkatan produksi makanan, khususnya di Punjab, Haryana dan Uttar Pradesh pada fase awal. Pengembangan utama adalah varietas perladangan tinggi gandum, yang dikembangkan oleh beberapa ilmuwan, yang meliputi agronom Amerika Dr. Norman Borlaug, ahli genetik Amerika M. S. Swaminathan, dan lain-lain. juga diklaim ikut serta dalam Revolusi Hijau tersebut. (in)
  • La révolution verte en Inde est une période de forte augmentation de la production agricole dans les années 1960 grâce à une modernisation des techniques. Au moment de son indépendance en 1947, la situation alimentaire de l’Inde était très mauvaise, et beaucoup d'observateurs prévoyaient une évolution catastrophique du pays. Nehru, le nouveau Premier Ministre de l'Inde, déclarait en 1948 « everything else can wait but not agriculture ». Ce qui se traduit par « tout le reste peut attendre, mais pas l'agriculture. » (fr)
  • A Revolução Verde da Índia aconteceu em 1965, com a introdução de sementes híbridas, fertilizantes e a implantação de técnicas de irrigação, tornando a Índia auto-suficiente na produção de alimentos. A revolução, embora tenha causado concentrado terras nas mãos de poucos proprietários, foi essencial para salvar milhões de pessoas da fome, já que as políticas de esquerda se mostravam ineficientes. (pt)
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  • Revolusi Hijau di India (in)
  • Green Revolution in India (en)
  • Révolution verte en Inde (fr)
  • Revolução Verde da Índia (pt)
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