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- منذ بداية الحياة البشرية كان هنالك اهتمام بشكل كبير في قياس الزمن ومعرفة الوقت، وذلك لإنجاز وترتيب بعض الأعمال والواجبات التي نقوم بها بشكل يومي، فالوقت و الزمن عبارة عن أمر حسي نشعر به ونخمّنه ونقيسه بوسائل مختلفة، وذلك لمعرفة متى تبدأ وتنتهي الأحداث المختلفة خلال فترة زمنية معينة، وقد اهتم الإنسان بشكل كبير في معرفة أزمان وأوقات العديد من الأحداث .....وجهة النظر الهندوسية من الوقت يمكن أن يشار إليها على نطاق واسع باسم نظام الوقت الفيدية. يعتبر كالا الوقت ليس حركة خطية أو أحادية الاتجاه، مثل مسرعة السهم من الماضي إلى المستقبل. كانت فكرة الوقت نفسه متقدمة جدا في التراث الهندوسي. محادثات مفهوم الهندوسية من إيقاع أو النظام العالمي الذي يتجلى كما الوقت. الوقت مجموعة إيقاع من موقوتة بسرعة من الذرة لتوسيع الكون كله - الوقت تتكشف ضمن عملية جيولوجية الأرض تغيير الموسم، ودورة حياة ذبابة الخ. (ar)
- Hindu units of time are described in Hindu texts ranging from microseconds to trillions of years, including cycles of cosmic time that repeat general events in Hindu cosmology. Time (kāla) is described as eternal. Various fragments of time are described in the Vedas, Manusmriti, Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, Mahabharata, Surya Siddhanta etc. (en)
- La mesure védique du temps utilise les unités décrites ci-dessous : (fr)
- Hindu tijdseenheid is een overzicht van de oude gebruikte tijdaanduidingen in India. (nl)
- Індуські одиниці часу (Kaala Vyavahara) і раніше поширені серед індуїстів, джайнів і буддистів. Вони використовуються як база для ведення певного виду астрологічних розрахунків, виконання релігійних обрядів тощо. Індуїстські релігійні писання, такі як Веди і Пурани описують масивний діапазон одиниць Кала вимірювання, що охоплюють прямо з парамане (близько 17 їй) Маха-Манвантари (311040 млрд років). У відповідності з цими текстами, створення і руйнування Всесвіту є циклічним процесом, який повторюється вічно. Кожен цикл починається з народження і розширення (вік існування) Всесвіту, рівний 311040 млрд років, а потім її повного знищення (який також переважає на той же термін). (uk)
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- (en)
- Eighteen nimeshas , thirty kashthas one kala, thirty kalas one muhurta, and as many one day and night. (en)
- The Rishis, measuring time, have given particular names to particular portions. Five and ten winks of the eye make what is called a Kashtha. Thirty Kashthas make what is called a Kala. Thirty Kalas, with the tenth part of a Kala, make a Muhurta. Thirty Muhurtas make up one day and night. Thirty days and nights form a month, and twelve months form a year.
Persons well-read in mathematical science say that a year is made up of two solar motions, viz, the northern and the southern.
The sun makes the day and the night for men. The night is for the sleep of all living creatures and the day is for work.
A month of human beings is equal to a day and night of the departed manes. That division consists in this the light half of the month is their day which is for work, and the dark fortnight is their night for sleep.
A year is equal to a day and night of the gods. This division consists in this the half year for which the sun travels from the vernal to the autumnal equinox is the day of the gods, and the half year for which the sun moves from the latter to the former is their night.
Calculating by the days and nights of human beings about which I have told you I shall speak of the day and night of Brahman [] and his years also.
I shall, in their order, tell you the number of years that are for different purposes calculated differently, in the Krita, the Treta, the Dwapara, and the Kali yugas.
Four thousand celestial years is the duration of the first or Krita age. The morning of that cycle consists of four hundred years and its evening is of four hundred years.
Regarding the other cycles, the duration of each gradually decreases by a quarter in respect of both the principal period with the minor portion and the conjoining portion itself.
The learned say that these twelve thousand celestial years form what is called a cycle. A thousand such cycles form a single day of Brahman [].
The same is the duration of Brahman's [] night. With the beginning of Brahman's [] day the universe begins to come into being. During the period of universal dissolution the Creator sleeps in Yoga meditation. When the period of sleep expires, He awakes.
What is Brahman's [] day covers a thousand such cycles. His night also covers a thousand similar cycles. They who know this are said to know the day and the night. (en)
- Those know that the holy day of Brahman [], indeed, ends after one thousand ages and that his night lasts as long, men acquainted with days and nights. (en)
- These twelve thousand which thus have been just mentioned as the total of four ages, are called one age of the gods. (en)
- Time is the destroyer of the worlds; another Time has for its nature to bring to pass. This latter, according as it is gross or minute, is called by two names, real and unreal .
That which begins with respirations is called real; that which begins with atoms is called unreal. Six respirations make a vinadi, sixty of these a nadi;
And sixty nadis make a sidereal day and night. Of thirty of these sidereal days is composed a month; a civil month consists of as many sunrises;
A lunar month, of as many lunar days ; a solar month is determined by the entrance of the sun into a sign of the zodiac : twelve months make a year. This is called a day of the gods.
The day and night of the gods and of the demons are mutually opposed to one another. Six times sixty [360] of them are a year of the gods, and likewise of the demons.
Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a Quadruple Age ; of ten thousand times four hundred and thirty-two [4,320,000] solar years
Is composed that Quadruple Age, with its dawn and twilight. The difference of the Golden and the other Ages, as measured by the difference in the number of the feet of Virtue in each, is as follows:
The tenth part of an Age, multiplied successively by four, three, two, and one, gives the length of the Golden and the other Ages, in order : the sixth part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.
One and seventy [71] Ages are styled here a Patriarchate ; at its end is said to be a twilight which has the number of years of a Golden Age, and which is a deluge.
In an Æon are reckoned fourteen such Patriarchs with their respective twilights; at the commencement of the Æon is a fifteenth dawn, having the length of a Golden Age.
The Æon, thus composed of a thousand Ages, and which brings about the destruction of all that exists, is styled a day of Brahma; his night is of the same length.
His extreme age is a hundred, according to this valuation of a day and a night... (en)
- A month is a day and night of the manes, but the division is according to fortnights. The dark is their day for active exertion, the bright their night for sleep. (en)
- The Manvantaras, the creations and destructions numberless; sporting, as it were, Brahman [] repeats this again and again. (en)
- The before-mentioned age of the gods, twelve thousand , being multiplied by seventy-one, is here named the period of a Manu . (en)
- A year is a day and a night of the gods; their division is : the half year during which the sun progresses to the north will be the day, that during which it goes southwards the night. (en)
- But hear now the brief the duration of a night and a day of Brahman [] and of the several ages according to their order. (en)
- In the other three ages with their twilights preceding and following, the thousands and hundreds are diminished by one . (en)
- The sun divides days and nights, both human and divine, the night for the repose of created beings and the day for exertion. (en)
- But know that the sum of one thousand ages of the gods one day of Brahman [], and that his night has the same length. (en)
- They declare that the Krita age four thousand years ; the twilight preceding it consists of as many hundreds, and the twilight following it of the same number. (en)
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