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In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president.

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  • In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president. The contingent election process is specified in Article Two, Section 1, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution. The procedure was modified by the 12th Amendment in 1804, under which the House chooses one of the three candidates who received the most electoral votes, while the Senate chooses one of the two candidates who received the most electoral votes. The phrase "contingent election" is not in the text of the Constitution but has been used to describe this procedure since at least 1823. Contingent elections have occurred three times in American history: in 1801, 1825, and 1837. In 1800, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, the presidential and vice-presidential nominees on the ticket of the Democratic-Republican Party, received the same number of electoral votes. Under the pre-Twelfth Amendment Constitution, a contingent election was held the following year to decide which one would be president and which vice president. In 1824, the Electoral College was split between four candidates, with Andrew Jackson losing the subsequent contingent election to John Quincy Adams even though he won a plurality of both the popular and electoral vote. In 1836, faithless electors in Virginia refused to vote for Martin Van Buren's vice presidential nominee, Richard Mentor Johnson, denying him a majority of the electoral vote and forcing the Senate to elect him in a contingent election. The past three contingent elections were conducted by the outgoing Congress because congressional terms then ended / began on March 4, the same day as presidential terms. In 1933, the 20th Amendment set the new congressional term to start on January 3 and the new presidential term on January 20. The amendment shortened the length of lame-duck sessions of Congress by two months, and any future contingent elections would be conducted by the incoming Congress. (en)
  • En los Estados Unidos, una elección contingente hace referencia al procedimiento utilizado para elegir al presidente o vicepresidente del país en el caso de que ningún candidato para uno o ambos cargos obtenga la mayoría absoluta de votos en el colegio electoral. Las elecciones contingentes presidenciales se deciden por votación de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, mientras que las elecciones contingentes vicepresidenciales se deciden por votación en el Senado. Durante una elección de contingencia, la delegación de la Cámara de Representantes de cada estado emite un voto en bloque para determinar al presidente, en lugar de un voto por cada representante. Los senadores, por otro lado, votan de manera individual al vicepresidente. El proceso de elección contingente se estableció por primera vez en el Artículo II, Sección 1, Cláusula 3 de la Constitución. Posteriormente fue modificado por la Duodécima Enmienda en el año 1804. Bajo el formato revisado, la Cámara elige uno de los tres candidatos que hayan recibido la mayor cantidad de votos electorales, mientras que el Senado elige uno de los dos candidatos que recibieron la mayor cantidad de votos electorales. El formato de "elección contingente" o "elección de contingencia" no se encuentra en el texto de la Constitución en sí, pero se ha utilizado para describir este procedimiento desde al menos 1823.​ Este proceso solo ha tenido lugar tres veces en la historia de Estados Unidos: en 1801, 1825 y 1837. En 1800, Thomas Jefferson y Aaron Burr, los candidatos presidenciales y vicepresidenciales en la fórmula del Partido Demócrata-Republicano, recibieron el mismo número de votos electorales. Según los procedimientos vigentes en ese momento, esto requirió una elección contingente el año siguiente para decidir quién sería presidente y quién el vicepresidente. En 1824, el colegio electoral se dividió entre cuatro candidatos, y Andrew Jackson perdió la elección contingente posterior ante John Quincy Adams, pese a haber ganado el voto popular en los comicios. En 1836, los electores infieles de Virginia se negaron a votar por el candidato a vicepresidente de Martin Van Buren, Richard M. Johnson, negándole la mayoría de los votos electorales y obligando al Senado a elegirlo en una elección contingente. Las tres elecciones de contingencia del siglo XIX fueron realizadas por el Congreso saliente, ya que, en ese momento, los mandatos del Congreso terminaban o comenzaban el mismo día que los mandatos presidenciales. En 1933, la Vigésima Enmienda estipuló que el período del congreso entrante debería comenzar antes que el del presidente entrante, y que debería ser el congreso entrante el que elegiría al presidente en cualquier elección contingente futura. (es)
  • 在美国,权变选举(或:临时选举;英语:Contingent election)是依据美国宪法第十二条修正案中提到的解决如果没有总统候选人获得过半选举人票的情况下,由众议院选总统,参议院选副总统程的程序。这种情况极为罕见,至今只发生过三次。触发这一选举程序的情形包括: * 多名被选举人竞选,没有单一被选举人获得50%以上的绝对多数选举人票; * 两名被选举人竞选,双方同时获得50%的选举人票。 美国宪法第十二条修正案中相关条文如下: ...The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President... 译文如下: * ...获得总统选票最多的人,如所得票数超过所选派选举人总数的半数,即为总统。如无人获得这种过半数票,众议院应立即从被选为总统之人名单中得票最多的但不超过三人中间,投票选举总统。但选举总统时,以州为单位计票,每州代表有一票表决权。2/3的州各有一名或多名众议员出席,即构成选举总统的法定人数,选出总统需要所有州的过半数票。当选举总统的权力转移到众议院时,如该院在次年3月4日前尚未选出总统,则由副总统代理总统,如同总统死亡或宪法规定的其他丧失任职能力的情况一样...—— (zh)
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  • Four candidates received votes in the Electoral College in 1824, with no candidate attaining a majority. The House of Representative elected John Quincy Adams ' even though Andrew Jackson ' had won a plurality of both the electoral and popular votes in the original election. (en)
  • The Democratic-Republican Party intended for Thomas Jefferson ' to be elected president and Aaron Burr ' to be vice president, but they tied in the Electoral College and many Federalists in the House of Representatives voted for Burr in the contingent election due to their opposition to Jefferson. (en)
  • While Democratic presidential candidate Martin Van Buren won a majority of the Electoral College, Virginia's electors refused to vote for his running mate Richard Mentor Johnson ', forcing a contingent election in the Senate against Whig candidate Francis Granger '. (en)
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  • Vanderlyn Burr.jpg (en)
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  • In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president. (en)
  • En los Estados Unidos, una elección contingente hace referencia al procedimiento utilizado para elegir al presidente o vicepresidente del país en el caso de que ningún candidato para uno o ambos cargos obtenga la mayoría absoluta de votos en el colegio electoral. Las elecciones contingentes presidenciales se deciden por votación de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, mientras que las elecciones contingentes vicepresidenciales se deciden por votación en el Senado. Durante una elección de contingencia, la delegación de la Cámara de Representantes de cada estado emite un voto en bloque para determinar al presidente, en lugar de un voto por cada representante. Los senadores, por otro lado, votan de manera individual al vicepresidente. (es)
  • 在美国,权变选举(或:临时选举;英语:Contingent election)是依据美国宪法第十二条修正案中提到的解决如果没有总统候选人获得过半选举人票的情况下,由众议院选总统,参议院选副总统程的程序。这种情况极为罕见,至今只发生过三次。触发这一选举程序的情形包括: * 多名被选举人竞选,没有单一被选举人获得50%以上的绝对多数选举人票; * 两名被选举人竞选,双方同时获得50%的选举人票。 美国宪法第十二条修正案中相关条文如下: 译文如下: * ...获得总统选票最多的人,如所得票数超过所选派选举人总数的半数,即为总统。如无人获得这种过半数票,众议院应立即从被选为总统之人名单中得票最多的但不超过三人中间,投票选举总统。但选举总统时,以州为单位计票,每州代表有一票表决权。2/3的州各有一名或多名众议员出席,即构成选举总统的法定人数,选出总统需要所有州的过半数票。当选举总统的权力转移到众议院时,如该院在次年3月4日前尚未选出总统,则由副总统代理总统,如同总统死亡或宪法规定的其他丧失任职能力的情况一样...—— (zh)
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  • Contingent election (en)
  • Elección de contingencia (es)
  • 权变选举 (zh)
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