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- Scottish ophthalmologist, described the Argyll Robertson pupil a sign of neurosyphilis (en)
- Became the first Indian to receive a British medical degree and established the National Church of India in Madras. (en)
- Physician, ophthalmologist and founder of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; Surgeon-Oculist to King Edward VIII, George VI and Queen Elizabeth II; awarded the 1957 Lister Medal (en)
- Comparative anatomist, extramural teacher in anatomy, and director of the Highland Society of Scotland (en)
- President of the Royal Medical Society and the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh, founder of the first lunatic asylum in Edinburgh, Professor of Theory of Medicine at University of Edinburgh (en)
- Physician, psychiatrist, phrenologist, editor of the New Edinburgh Review, the Phrenological Journal and Encyclopædia Edinensis (en)
- Scottish physician, Surgeon Major of the British Army, recipient of the Victoria Cross (en)
- Plastic surgeon, co-founder and President of the British Association of Plastic Surgeons, founding editor of the British Journal of Plastic Surgery, developed the Wallace rule of nines, a method of determining the proportion of body affected by burns (en)
- Physician; authority on kidney disease; known for his work in the medical uses of electricity and electrochemistry (en)
- Anatomist and pioneer of cell biology (en)
- Physician, military physician and correspondent of David Hume (en)
- Physician and president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (en)
- Royal Army Surgeon, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (en)
- Physician, homeopath, critic of the medical establishment of the time (en)
- Obstetric physician and amateur artist (en)
- Physician and military engineer (en)
- Physician and pioneer of the smallpox vaccine (en)
- Physician and the author of the Black Report (en)
- Physician, 'father of military medicine' (en)
- Physician, an original member of the Royal Society (en)
- Physician, and personal physician to George IV (en)
- Physician, haematologist (en)
- Physician, haematologist, haemophilia expert (en)
- President of the Royal Meteorological Society (en)
- Professor of Anatomy at University of Cambridge (en)
- Physician to Queen Anne, satirist, polymath, creator of the character John Bull (en)
- Founder of the University of Melbourne Medical School (en)
- Surgeon who pioneered the mechanical dilation of the mitral valve to treat mitral stenosis (en)
- Surgeon and parasitologist, discovered filariasis (en)
- British physician, introduced over 14 anesthetics including methylene bichloride, invented the double valve mouthpiece for administration of chloroform (en)
- Medical academic and the second Chandos Professor of Medicine and Anatomy at the University of St Andrews (en)
- Honorary consultant physician, nutrition scientist, and editor of the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (en)
- Pediatrician and author of the Forfar and Arneil's Textbook of Paediatrics, awarded the Military Cross for service during the Second World War (en)
- Physician, surgeon, regius professor of military surgery at Edinburgh University (en)
- Diana Princess of Wales Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine and Science at the Royal Brompton Hospital, Head of the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College School of Medicine, Editor in Chief of the European Heart Journal and President of the European Society of Cardiology (en)
- Honorary Physician in Ordinary to King Edward VII in Scotland. (en)
- Bacteriologist known for preventing a typhoid outbreak in Edinburgh in 1970. (en)
- Physician, known for contributions to the study of mental illness and epidemiology (en)
- Anatomist, physiologist, founder of the first medical school in Australia, the University of Melbourne School of Medicine (en)
- Physician and broadcaster who pioneered research on the psychosomatic approach in gynecology (en)
- Obstetrician and Chancellor of the University of Dundee (en)
- Chief Medical Officer of the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Chair of Surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine (en)
- Physician, psychiatrist, professor of psychiatry at St George's Medical School (en)
- President of the London Royal School of Medicine, Physician in Chief of Jamaica, the genus Wrightia are named after him (en)
- Physician, academic, first woman to hold a professorial chair in Scotland (en)
- Scottish physician, Surgeon General of the British Army, recipient of the Victoria Cross (en)
- Dean of Medicine of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, First Vice-Chancellor of the Open University, Life Peer of the House of Lords (en)
- Physician, divine, religious and political reformer, Fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge (en)
- Physician, antiquarian, personal physician to King James VII (II of England) (en)
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