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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Great_Hanoi_Rat_Massacre
rdfs:label
Great Hanoi Rat Massacre
rdfs:comment
The Great Hanoi Rat Massacre (Vietnamese: Cuộc thảm sát chuột ở Hà Nội; Chữ Nôm: 局摻刹𤝞於河內; French: Massacre des rats de Hanoï) occurred in 1902, in Hanoi, Tonkin, French Indochina (present day Hanoi, Vietnam), when the French government authorities attempted to control the rat population of the city by hunting them down. As they felt that they weren't making enough progress and due to labour strikes they created a bounty programme that paid a reward of 1¢ for each rat killed. To collect the bounty, people would need to provide the severed tail of a rat. Colonial officials, however, began noticing rats in Hanoi with no tails. The Vietnamese rat catchers would capture rats, sever their tails, then release them back into the sewers so that they could produce more rats.
foaf:depiction
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dcterms:subject
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dbo:thumbnail
n9:1_cent_-_French_Indo-China_1902_Art-Hanoi_(Indo-Chine_Française_side).png?width=300
dbp:outcome
Bounty programme cancelled, other anti-pandemic measures taken.
dbp:align
center
dbp:alsoKnownAs
The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt
dbp:awards
1
dbp:caption
A French Indochinese 1 cent coin from 1902, which was offered as a reward per rat's tail.
dbp:casualties
Hundreds of thousands of rats Unknown number of rats afterwards.
dbp:cause
Third plague pandemic, expansion of the Hanoian rat population due to the expansion of Hanoi's French Quarter.
dbp:date
1902
dbp:location
Hanoi, Tonkin, French Indochina
dbp:motive
To prevent a potential outbreak of the Bubonic Plague caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria.
dbp:nativeName
Grand massacre des rats de Hanoï Cuộc đại thảm sát chuột tại Hà Nội
dbp:participants
Government-General of French Indochina, professional rat-catching services, and vigilante rat hunters
dbp:quote
"If industrialisation changed the world for human beings, it also created new opportunities for their furry neighbours. Expanding cities and long-distance trade networks offered rats new habitats and new ways to travel distances far greater than they could with just their stubby little legs. As with humans, these technological changes resulted in a demographic explosion. I’m not sure if we breed like rats or they breed like people. It is impossible to know the exact rat population, but scientific estimates indicate that these rodents currently outnumber human beings by several billion. I find it fascinating that as humans went through an unprecedented population boom from 1800 to the present, rats, which most people consider a pest, increased in number as a direct consequence of human actions." "One had to enter the dark and cramped sewer system, make one’s way through human waste in various forms of decay, and hunt down a relatively fierce wild animal which could be carrying fleas with the bubonic plague or other contagious diseases. This is not even to mention the probable existence of numerous other dangerous animals, such as snakes, spiders, and other creatures, that make this author’s skin crawl with anxiety."
dbp:source
Michael G. Vann at "The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt: A Conversation with Michael G. Vann" - The Made in China Journal. Michael G. Vann at "The Cobra Effect: A New Freakonomics Radio Podcast".
dbp:target
Rats
dbp:title
Great Hanoi Rat Massacre of 1902
dbp:type
dbr:Pest_control
dbp:width
75.0
dbo:abstract
The Great Hanoi Rat Massacre (Vietnamese: Cuộc thảm sát chuột ở Hà Nội; Chữ Nôm: 局摻刹𤝞於河內; French: Massacre des rats de Hanoï) occurred in 1902, in Hanoi, Tonkin, French Indochina (present day Hanoi, Vietnam), when the French government authorities attempted to control the rat population of the city by hunting them down. As they felt that they weren't making enough progress and due to labour strikes they created a bounty programme that paid a reward of 1¢ for each rat killed. To collect the bounty, people would need to provide the severed tail of a rat. Colonial officials, however, began noticing rats in Hanoi with no tails. The Vietnamese rat catchers would capture rats, sever their tails, then release them back into the sewers so that they could produce more rats. The Great Hanoi Rat Massacre happened in the middle of a global pandemic only a few years after Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin linked the spread of the pandemic to rodents. Today, the events are often used as an example of a perverse incentive, commonly referred to as the Cobra Effect. The modern discoverer of this event, American historian Michael G. Vann argues that the cobra example from the British Raj cannot be proven, but that the rats in Vietnam case can be proven, so the term should be changed to the Rat Effect.
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