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The Valtellina Redoubt or, officially, in Italian: Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano (transl.  Republican Alpine Redoubt) or RAR, was the intended final stronghold or redoubt of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini at the end of World War II in Europe. It was to be based in the Valtellina, a valley in the Italian Alps, which had the natural protection afforded by the surrounding mountains as well as the possibility of re-using fortifications built in the area for World War I. The idea was initially proposed in September 1944 by Alessandro Pavolini, one of the fascist leaders, who saw it as the place for the regime to make a "heroic" last stand which would inspire a future fascist revolution.

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  • El Reducte alpí italià, en italià, Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano o RAR, era l'intent de resistència final del règim feixista italià de Benito Mussolini a la fi de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Havia de dur-se a terme a laValtellina, una vall dels Alps italians que gaudeix de la protecció natural de les muntanyes circumdants i que també oferia la possibilitat de reutilitzar fortificacions construïdes durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. La idea fou proposada per primera vegada el setembre de 1944 per , un dels dirigents feixistes de més alt rang, qui creia que l'indret reunia totes les condicions per tal que el règim fes una mentre el lloc pel règim per fer una "darrera defensa heroica" que inspiraria una futura revolució feixista. Tot i que Mussolini donava suport a la idea de Pavolini, els principals jerarques feixistes s'hi mostraven dividits. Per aquest motiu, només es va dur a terme una mínima feina preparatòria per a establir la zona com una fortalesa i, conseqüentment, a l'abril de 1945, quan la victòria aliada a Itàlia era evident. la Valtellina no era a punt per al seu ús com a últim reducte. A la fi de l'abril, la resistència a l'avançament aliat va col·lapsar sense que es dugués a terme cap darrera defensa significativa i la guerra va acabar al país el 29 d'abril de 1945, després que les forces de l'Eix signessin la Rendició de Caserta. (ca)
  • The Valtellina Redoubt or, officially, in Italian: Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano (transl.  Republican Alpine Redoubt) or RAR, was the intended final stronghold or redoubt of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini at the end of World War II in Europe. It was to be based in the Valtellina, a valley in the Italian Alps, which had the natural protection afforded by the surrounding mountains as well as the possibility of re-using fortifications built in the area for World War I. The idea was initially proposed in September 1944 by Alessandro Pavolini, one of the fascist leaders, who saw it as the place for the regime to make a "heroic" last stand which would inspire a future fascist revolution. Although Pavolini's idea was supported by Mussolini, the fascist leadership as a whole was divided over it. Only minimal preparatory work was carried out to establish the area as a stronghold and, as a result, when the Allied victory in Italy approached in April 1945, the Valtellina was not ready to be used by the fascists as a redoubt. At the end of April, resistance to the Allied advance quickly collapsed without any major "last stand", and the war in Italy soon ended with the Axis forces signing the Surrender of Caserta on 29 April 1945. (en)
  • Il Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano, conosciuto anche come Ridotto della Valtellina, era il luogo dove i fascisti avrebbero dovuto organizzare la difesa finale della Repubblica Sociale Italiana. L'idea emerse undici giorni prima della Liberazione, il 14 aprile 1945, in una riunione nella residenza di Mussolini, presso Palazzo Feltrinelli a Gargnano, tra i rappresentanti tedeschi e i massimi dirigenti di Salò. Tale incontro fu l'ultimo ad alto livello. Erano presenti, oltre allo stesso Mussolini, il capo delle Brigate Nere Alessandro Pavolini, il generale Rodolfo Graziani, l'ambasciatore tedesco Rudolf Rahn, il generale delle SS Karl Wolff e il colonnello Eugen Dollmann. (it)
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  • The upper Valtellina at Sondalo, bending northwards (en)
  • Western entrance of the Valtellina, overlooked by WWI Fort Montecchio (en)
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  • The Valtellina (en)
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  • Sondalo, Valtellina Italy.jpg (en)
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  • Test (en)
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  • Test (en)
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  • El Reducte alpí italià, en italià, Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano o RAR, era l'intent de resistència final del règim feixista italià de Benito Mussolini a la fi de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Havia de dur-se a terme a laValtellina, una vall dels Alps italians que gaudeix de la protecció natural de les muntanyes circumdants i que també oferia la possibilitat de reutilitzar fortificacions construïdes durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. La idea fou proposada per primera vegada el setembre de 1944 per , un dels dirigents feixistes de més alt rang, qui creia que l'indret reunia totes les condicions per tal que el règim fes una mentre el lloc pel règim per fer una "darrera defensa heroica" que inspiraria una futura revolució feixista. (ca)
  • The Valtellina Redoubt or, officially, in Italian: Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano (transl.  Republican Alpine Redoubt) or RAR, was the intended final stronghold or redoubt of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini at the end of World War II in Europe. It was to be based in the Valtellina, a valley in the Italian Alps, which had the natural protection afforded by the surrounding mountains as well as the possibility of re-using fortifications built in the area for World War I. The idea was initially proposed in September 1944 by Alessandro Pavolini, one of the fascist leaders, who saw it as the place for the regime to make a "heroic" last stand which would inspire a future fascist revolution. (en)
  • Il Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano, conosciuto anche come Ridotto della Valtellina, era il luogo dove i fascisti avrebbero dovuto organizzare la difesa finale della Repubblica Sociale Italiana. L'idea emerse undici giorni prima della Liberazione, il 14 aprile 1945, in una riunione nella residenza di Mussolini, presso Palazzo Feltrinelli a Gargnano, tra i rappresentanti tedeschi e i massimi dirigenti di Salò. (it)
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  • Reducte alpí italià (ca)
  • Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano (it)
  • Valtellina Redoubt (en)
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