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- The siege of Bukhara took place during the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire, in March 1220. Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. While the Shah planned to defend his major cities individually, the Mongols laid siege to the border town of Otrar, and struck further into Khwarazmia. The city of Bukhara was a major trading and cultural centre of the Khwarazmian Empire, but was located far from the border with the Mongol Empire, and so the Shah allocated fewer than 20,000 soldiers to defend it. However, a Mongol force, estimated to number between 30,000 and 50,000 men, managed to traverse the Kyzylkum Desert, previously thought to be impassable for large armies. Bukhara was caught completely by surprise, and after a failed sortie, the outer city surrendered within three days. Khwarazmian loyalists continued to defend the citadel for less than two weeks, before it was breached. The Mongol army killed everybody in the citadel, and enslaved most of the population. The work of skilled craftsmen and artisans was appropriated by the Mongols, while others were conscripted into the armies. Although Bukhara was then destroyed by fires, the devastation was relatively mild; within a fairly short space of time, the city was once again a centre of trade and learning, and profited greatly from the Pax Mongolica. (en)
- 不花剌之战，成吉思汗十五年（1220年）春，蒙古第一次西征河中之战中，蒙古帝国军队在河中不花剌（布哈剌，今乌兹别克斯坦布哈拉城）击败花剌子模的作战。 不花剌是当时中亚的大城市。分内外二城，城池坚固阔大，周围12门。地处要道咽喉，是撒马尔罕（今乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕）西方屏障。花剌子模大汗摩诃末派将军库克汗率领部将哈迷的布尔、舍去治汗和怯失力汗等，统率二万（一说三万）骑兵防守此城。 成吉思汗为了断绝玉龙杰赤（今土库曼斯坦乌尔根奇）与撒马尔罕的交通，隔绝锡尔河沿岸被围攻各城堡的外援，他和拖雷带领中路军秘密过锡尔河，越过基吉尔库姆沙漠，实施远距离穿插迂回，出其不意的抵达、包围不花剌。当守军拒绝投降后，蒙古军便猛烈进攻，数日昼夜连续进攻，守军不支，二月初十夜率军突围逃出。蒙古军追击，在阿姆河消灭大部突围守军。第二天，城里派出伊斯兰教教长及名门，至成吉思汗行营献城乞降。这时，不花剌的康里骑兵四百人，坚守内城不降。成吉思汗下令进攻，并烧毁内城，城外用抛石机射巨石，城内用炮、火油筒反击。激战二日，内城破，守军皆死。成吉思汗下令毁城，并强征青壮年充军往攻撒马尔罕。不花刺一经陷落，花刺子模新都撒马尔罕、旧都玉龙杰赤之交通断绝，东西部互相支援也被切断，花刺子国立刻呈现出瘫痪状态。 (zh)
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- Khwarazmian Empire
- Mongol Empire
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- Modern estimates range from 2,000 to 20,000
- Modern estimates range from 30,000 to 50,000
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- 26481 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Unknown (en)
- Most of the garrison (en)
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- Buildings which survived the siege. Clockwise from top left: The Kalyan minaret; the Samanid Mausoleum, which survived because it was buried in mud; and the Magok-i-Attari Mosque. (en)
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- Bukhara sights8.jpg (en)
- Bukhara01.jpg (en)
- UZ Bukhara Samanid-mausoleum.jpg (en)
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- Location of the siege on a map of modern Uzbekistan (en)
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- Uzbekistan#West Asia (en)
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- the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire (en)
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| dbp:place
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- Bukhara, present-day Uzbekistan (en)
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| dbp:result
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| dbp:source
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- Tarikh-i Jahangushay (en)
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| dbp:strength
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- Modern estimates range from 2,000 to 20,000 (en)
- Modern estimates range from 30,000 to 50,000 (en)
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| dbp:text
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- When these forces reached the banks of the Oxus, the patrols and advance parties of the Mongol army fell upon them and left no trace ... On the following day from the reflection of the sun the plain seemed to be a tray filled with blood. (en)
- O People, know that you have committed great sins, and that the great ones among you have committed these sins. If you ask me what proof I have for these words, I say it is because I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you. (en)
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| dbp:units
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- dbr:Horse_archers
- (en)
- Siege engines, including Chinese gunpowder weapons (en)
- Auxiliaries, and engineers (en)
- City garrison (en)
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- 39.77777777777778 64.41027777777778
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| rdfs:comment
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- 不花剌之战，成吉思汗十五年（1220年）春，蒙古第一次西征河中之战中，蒙古帝国军队在河中不花剌（布哈剌，今乌兹别克斯坦布哈拉城）击败花剌子模的作战。 不花剌是当时中亚的大城市。分内外二城，城池坚固阔大，周围12门。地处要道咽喉，是撒马尔罕（今乌兹别克斯坦撒马尔罕）西方屏障。花剌子模大汗摩诃末派将军库克汗率领部将哈迷的布尔、舍去治汗和怯失力汗等，统率二万（一说三万）骑兵防守此城。 成吉思汗为了断绝玉龙杰赤（今土库曼斯坦乌尔根奇）与撒马尔罕的交通，隔绝锡尔河沿岸被围攻各城堡的外援，他和拖雷带领中路军秘密过锡尔河，越过基吉尔库姆沙漠，实施远距离穿插迂回，出其不意的抵达、包围不花剌。当守军拒绝投降后，蒙古军便猛烈进攻，数日昼夜连续进攻，守军不支，二月初十夜率军突围逃出。蒙古军追击，在阿姆河消灭大部突围守军。第二天，城里派出伊斯兰教教长及名门，至成吉思汗行营献城乞降。这时，不花剌的康里骑兵四百人，坚守内城不降。成吉思汗下令进攻，并烧毁内城，城外用抛石机射巨石，城内用炮、火油筒反击。激战二日，内城破，守军皆死。成吉思汗下令毁城，并强征青壮年充军往攻撒马尔罕。不花刺一经陷落，花刺子模新都撒马尔罕、旧都玉龙杰赤之交通断绝，东西部互相支援也被切断，花刺子国立刻呈现出瘫痪状态。 (zh)
- The siege of Bukhara took place during the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire, in March 1220. Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. While the Shah planned to defend his major cities individually, the Mongols laid siege to the border town of Otrar, and struck further into Khwarazmia. (en)
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- Siege of Bukhara (en)
- 不花剌之战 (zh)
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- POINT(64.410278320312 39.777778625488)
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