| dbo:abstract
|
- قسطنطين آي. دوبريسكو (المعروف باسم دوبريسكو من أرجيش) (28 يونيو 1856-10 ديسمبر 1903)، هو ناشط وسياسي من الفلاحين الرومانيين، ونشط أيضًا كمعلم وصحافي وقانوني. بدأ من موطنه الأصلي في موشاتيشت في إقليم أرجيش، وأسس قاعدة إقليمية وأخيرًا وطنية للسياسة الزراعية. يُعتبر ثاني مهندس زراعي في رومانيا بعد أيون أيونسكو من براد ودينكو شيليرو، وهو أول من شارك في قضية الفلاحين في عصر المملكة الرومانية. لم تعترف الاشتراكية الزراعية بدوبريسكو على نطاق واسع، مفضلة مزيجًا من الشيوعية والقومية الرومانية مع القليل من النزعة المحافظة. توقف عن الدعوة إلى إصلاح الأراضي، وركز معاركه على التغير الديمقراطي من خلال الاقتراع العام، وعلى الحصول على دعم الدولة للحركة التعاونية. أسس بعض التعاونيات الأولى في المملكة، وأنشأ العديد من المدارس النموذجية والمسرح الريفي الأول وأول مطبعة قروية طُبعت فيها مجلاته الدورية المختلفة. كان دوبريسكو محبوبًا من قبل الشخصيات الثقافية والسياسية من جميع الأشكال، وتعاون معهم في مشاريع مختلفة، ولكن دعم دوبريسكو السري لمفهوم «رومانيا الكبرى» جعله ذا مسؤولية سياسية. استُعين بالعديد من التقنيات لإخراجه من مجلس النواب، على الرغم من فوزه المتكرر في الانتخابات. خدم أربع ولايات متتالية في ثمانينيات وتسعينيات القرن الماضي، وانتقل من التحالفات مع الأحزاب المحافظة والراديكالية إلى منصب مستقل، وإلى زعيم حزبه الخاص الذي عُرف بحزب الفلاحين في عام 1895. ساهمت قومية دوبريسكو وارتباطه بشخصيات سيئة السمعة مثل ألكساندرو بوغدان من بيتيشت في تهميشه. أُدين دوبريسكو بالاحتيال بعد انتهاء محاكمة علنية استمرت حتى عام 1903، وخرج من السجن بعد ثلاثة أشهر بسبب تعرض صحته للخطر وتوفي في منزله الريفي. استُشهد به كشهيد وسلفٍ للحركات الزراعية والشعبية التي أعيد إحياءها خلال فترة الحرب، بالإضافة إلى كونه رائدًا لحزب الفلاحين الوطنيين. (ar)
- Constantin I. Dobrescu, better known as Dobrescu-Argeș (June 28, 1856 – December 10, 1903), was a Romanian peasant activist and politician, also noted as a teacher, journalist, and jurist. Active from his native Mușătești, in Argeș County, he established a regional, and finally national, base for agrarian politics. He is considered Romania's second agrarianist, after Ion Ionescu de la Brad, and, with Dincă Schileru, a revivalist of the peasant cause in the Romanian Kingdom era. Dobrescu was notoriously unpersuaded by agrarian socialism, preferring a mixture of communalism and Romanian nationalism, with some echoes of conservative populism. Thus, he stopped short of advocating land reform, focusing his battles on democratization through universal suffrage, and on obtaining state support for the cooperative movement. He himself founded some of the Kingdom's first cooperatives, also setting up model schools, the first rural theater, and the first village printing press—which put out his various periodicals. Although well liked by cultural and political figures of all hues, with whom he collaborated on various projects, Dobrescu's clandestine support for the concept of "Greater Romania" made him a political liability. He also perplexed the ruling classes with his advocacy of universal suffrage and corporatism, both of which would have been politically advantageous for his peasant constituents. The Argeș squire Ion Brătianu, who was serving as Prime Minister and National Liberal chairman, allegedly viewed Dobrescu as a personal enemy, and had him kidnapped for several hours in 1884. Technicalities were invoked to block Dobrescu out of the Assembly of Deputies, despite his repeatedly winning in elections. Eventually, he served four contiguous terms in the 1880s and '90s, moving from alliances with the Conservative and to the position of an isolated independent, and, in 1895, to leader of his own Partida Țărănească ("Peasants' Party"). Dobrescu remained largely opposed to the left-wing caucus formed around the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party, but, especially after studying at the Free University of Brussels, became interested in anarchism, which claimed him as an ally. Dobrescu's nationalism and his association with ill-reputed figures such as Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești contributed to his marginalization—as did his reputation as a "carnival peasant", one who had backstage dealings with the establishment. Such ridicule and one public beating closely preceded scandals involving his financial misdeeds, alleged or proven. His dossier was personally handled by Justice Minister George D. Pallade, a personal enemy, leading to questions about the integrity of the process. Upon the end of a publicized trial lasting to 1901, Dobrescu was found guilty of fraud, and emerged from prison after three months with his health compromised, dying in his peasant home. His brother-in-law and associate, Alexandru Valescu, carried on with Dobrescu's work and made efforts to reestablish Partida, being ultimately drawn into conspiracies leading up to the peasants' revolt of March 1907. Dobrescu himself remained cited as a martyr and precursor of agrarian and Poporanist movements, revived during the interwar, as well as being credited as a forerunner of the National Peasants' Party. Under the Romanian communist regime (1948–1989), Mușătești endured as a center for peasant culture, although official literature proscribed Dobrescu as a bourgeois or "diversionary" figure. (en)
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- قسطنطين آي. دوبريسكو (المعروف باسم دوبريسكو من أرجيش) (28 يونيو 1856-10 ديسمبر 1903)، هو ناشط وسياسي من الفلاحين الرومانيين، ونشط أيضًا كمعلم وصحافي وقانوني. بدأ من موطنه الأصلي في موشاتيشت في إقليم أرجيش، وأسس قاعدة إقليمية وأخيرًا وطنية للسياسة الزراعية. يُعتبر ثاني مهندس زراعي في رومانيا بعد أيون أيونسكو من براد ودينكو شيليرو، وهو أول من شارك في قضية الفلاحين في عصر المملكة الرومانية. (ar)
- Constantin I. Dobrescu, better known as Dobrescu-Argeș (June 28, 1856 – December 10, 1903), was a Romanian peasant activist and politician, also noted as a teacher, journalist, and jurist. Active from his native Mușătești, in Argeș County, he established a regional, and finally national, base for agrarian politics. He is considered Romania's second agrarianist, after Ion Ionescu de la Brad, and, with Dincă Schileru, a revivalist of the peasant cause in the Romanian Kingdom era. Dobrescu was notoriously unpersuaded by agrarian socialism, preferring a mixture of communalism and Romanian nationalism, with some echoes of conservative populism. Thus, he stopped short of advocating land reform, focusing his battles on democratization through universal suffrage, and on obtaining state support for (en)
|
.JPG){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}