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There has been much speculation as to the botanical identity of soma or haoma. Soma is a plant described in Hindu sacred texts including the Rigveda, while haoma is a plant described in the Avesta, a collection of Zoroastrian writings. Both names are derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma. Proposed candidates include various species of plants and or fungi. Traditional etymology of Indian Soma is Somalata (Sarcostemma acidum; 'moon plant') used traditionally by the Srauta Brahmins called Somayajis whereas the Avestan Haoma is an Ephedra (Ephedra distachya), which are totally unconnected species sourced from different areas. European researchers suggest other plants, such as the perennial Peganum harmala, Nelumbo nucifera (also known as the "sacred lotus"), Cannabis sativa, and the sugar

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  • There has been much speculation as to the botanical identity of soma or haoma. Soma is a plant described in Hindu sacred texts including the Rigveda, while haoma is a plant described in the Avesta, a collection of Zoroastrian writings. Both names are derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma. Proposed candidates include various species of plants and or fungi. Traditional etymology of Indian Soma is Somalata (Sarcostemma acidum; 'moon plant') used traditionally by the Srauta Brahmins called Somayajis whereas the Avestan Haoma is an Ephedra (Ephedra distachya), which are totally unconnected species sourced from different areas. European researchers suggest other plants, such as the perennial Peganum harmala, Nelumbo nucifera (also known as the "sacred lotus"), Cannabis sativa, and the sugarcane species Tripidium bengalense (synonym Saccharum sara); while fungal candidates include the fly-agaric mushroom Amanita muscaria, the psilocybin-containing mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, and the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea. Other scholarly proposals include mixtures of these candidates with each other (e.g. Peganum harmala and Phalaris aquatica) and with other substances (e.g. fermented mare's milk or fermented honey). (en)
  • Soma – roślina, opisywana w Wedach. Jej sok był głównym składnikiem wedyjskiego napoju rytualnego nazywanego również soma. Napój miał obdarzać pijącego siłą. Soma jest identyfikowana przez współczesnych parsów z haomą o cierpkim smaku. Jest to jednak nieprawdopodobne, ponieważ haoma nie zawiera żadnych właściwości psychoaktywnych. Do napoju soma używano soku rośliny, który mieszano z mlekiem. Prawdopodobnie somą był gatunek toinowatych . Starożytni Hindusi wierzyli, że wzrastanie somy zależy od faz księżyca, toteż z upływem czasu zaczęli go nazywać Soma. (pl)
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  • Soma – roślina, opisywana w Wedach. Jej sok był głównym składnikiem wedyjskiego napoju rytualnego nazywanego również soma. Napój miał obdarzać pijącego siłą. Soma jest identyfikowana przez współczesnych parsów z haomą o cierpkim smaku. Jest to jednak nieprawdopodobne, ponieważ haoma nie zawiera żadnych właściwości psychoaktywnych. Do napoju soma używano soku rośliny, który mieszano z mlekiem. Prawdopodobnie somą był gatunek toinowatych . Starożytni Hindusi wierzyli, że wzrastanie somy zależy od faz księżyca, toteż z upływem czasu zaczęli go nazywać Soma. (pl)
  • There has been much speculation as to the botanical identity of soma or haoma. Soma is a plant described in Hindu sacred texts including the Rigveda, while haoma is a plant described in the Avesta, a collection of Zoroastrian writings. Both names are derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma. Proposed candidates include various species of plants and or fungi. Traditional etymology of Indian Soma is Somalata (Sarcostemma acidum; 'moon plant') used traditionally by the Srauta Brahmins called Somayajis whereas the Avestan Haoma is an Ephedra (Ephedra distachya), which are totally unconnected species sourced from different areas. European researchers suggest other plants, such as the perennial Peganum harmala, Nelumbo nucifera (also known as the "sacred lotus"), Cannabis sativa, and the sugar (en)
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  • Botanical identity of soma–haoma (en)
  • Soma (botanika) (pl)
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