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Statements

Subject Item
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Racism in Japan Masalah etnis di Jepang 日本の民族問題 일본의 민족 문제 日本民族問題 المشاكل العرقية في اليابان Razzismo in Giappone Дискриминация в Японии
rdfs:comment
일본의 민족 문제(일본어: 日本の民族問題)는 일본에서의 민족 정책이나 민족 차별 등에 관한 문제이다. 이 기사에 따르면 현대의 일본이 가지고 있는 그러한 문제의 실정을, 역사적 배경 등을 언급하면서 개설한다. 개개의 문제에 관해서는 더욱 자세한 해설이 다른 항목에 존재하는 경우가 있다. Дискриминация в Японии в японских источниках обозначается словом «сабэцу» (差別). Однако этот термин обозначает также явления, которые скорее относятся к оскорблениям личности. Помимо дискриминации при трудоустройстве, получении образования или вступлении в брак, к «сабэцу» относятся такие явления, как анонимная рассылка писем дискриминационного содержания, массированные интернет-атаки на некоторые сайты и почтовые адреса, дискриминационные анонимные высказывания на общедоступных ресурсах в Интернете, расклеивание оскорбительных надписей вокруг какого-то конкретного дома, в котором проживают, например, уроженцы посёлка бураку. Menurut statistik sensus, 98.5% populasi Jepang adalah orang Jepang, dengan sisanya adalah warga asing yang menetap di Jepang. Namun, statustik tersebut mengukur kewarganegaraan, bukan suku bangsa, dengan seluruh minoritas domestik seperti suku Ainu, suku Ryukyu dan Burakumin dihitung sebagai "orang Jepang." Racism in Japan comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in Japan, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of Japan against racial or ethnic groups. وفقًا لإحصائيات التعداد السكاني لعام 2018، فإن 97.8٪ من سكان اليابان هم من السكان الأصليين، والباقي من الرعايا الأجانب المقيمين في اليابان. فقد ازداد عدد العمال الأجانب بشكل كبير في السنوات الأخيرة، وذلك بسبب شيخوخة السكان ونقص القوى العاملة في البلاد. إذ تشير مقالة إخبارية في عام 2018 إلى أن 1 من كل 10 من الشباب المقيمين في طوكيو هم من الرعايا الأجانب. 日本の民族問題（にほんのみんぞくもんだい）では、日本における民族政策や民族的出身に基づく差別などに関して概説する。個々の問題の詳細については当該項目を参照されたい。 日本民族问题（日语：日本の民族問題／にほんのみんぞくもんだい），指与日本的民族政策和种族歧视等相关的问题。 I casi di discriminazione e razzismo in Giappone riguardano soprattutto le minoranze etniche presenti nel Paese, talvolta emarginate e trattate con disparità in ambito lavorativo, scolastico e sociale dai giapponesi di etnia Yamato, che sono considerati i discendenti del gruppo etnico nativo dominante dell'arcipelago nipponico. Nonostante la costituzione giapponese proclami l'uguaglianza di tutti i cittadini davanti alla legge senza distinzione di razza, genere e religione, il sistema legislativo nipponico non prevede pene ai danni di coloro che compiono attività discriminatorie.
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謝蓮舫
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Xiè Liánfǎng
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Sha Renhō
dbo:abstract
Racism in Japan comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in Japan, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of Japan against racial or ethnic groups. According to census statistics in 2018, 97.8% of Japan's population are Japanese, with the remainder being foreign nationals residing in Japan. The number of foreign workers has increased dramatically in recent years, due to the aging population and a shrinking labor force. A news article in 2018 suggests that approximately 1 out of 10 people among the younger population residing in Tokyo are foreign nationals. According to the CIA World Factbook, Japanese make up 98.1% of the population, Chinese 0.5%, and Korean 0.4%, with the remaining 1% representing all other ethnic groups. Japan lacks any law which prohibits racial, ethnic, or religious discrimination. The country also has no national human rights institutions. Non-Japanese individuals in Japan often face human rights violations that Japanese citizens may not. In recent years, non-Japanese media has reported that Japanese firms frequently confiscate the passports of guest workers in Japan, particularly unskilled laborers. Critics call this practice, which is legal and encouraged in Japan, coercive and a form of human trafficking. In the early 20th century, driven by an ideology of Japanese nationalism under the guise of national unity, the Japanese government identified and forcefully assimilated marginalized populations, which included Ryukyuans, Ainu, and other underrepresented groups, imposing assimilation programs in language, culture and religion. Japan considers these ethnic groups as a mere "subgroup" of the Japanese people and therefore synonymous to the Yamato people, and do not recognize them as a minority group with a distinct culture. Дискриминация в Японии в японских источниках обозначается словом «сабэцу» (差別). Однако этот термин обозначает также явления, которые скорее относятся к оскорблениям личности. Помимо дискриминации при трудоустройстве, получении образования или вступлении в брак, к «сабэцу» относятся такие явления, как анонимная рассылка писем дискриминационного содержания, массированные интернет-атаки на некоторые сайты и почтовые адреса, дискриминационные анонимные высказывания на общедоступных ресурсах в Интернете, расклеивание оскорбительных надписей вокруг какого-то конкретного дома, в котором проживают, например, уроженцы посёлка бураку. Явления второй группы не являются дискриминацией в прямом смысле этого слова, однако совершенно необходимы для более полного видения обстановки, существующей в Японии в связи с рассматриваемой проблемой. В Японии в настоящее время существует несколько видов дискриминации, к которым относятся дискриминация по национальным и половым признакам, дискриминация по традиционной профессиональной принадлежности (дискриминация так называемых буракуминов), дискриминация лиц с психическими расстройствами. В 2006 г. докладчик ООН по расизму и ксенофобии Д. Дьен в своём докладе о Японии выделил три вида групп, против которых направлены расовая дискриминация и ксенофобия: * национальные меньшинства (буракумины, айны и жители Окинавы); * выходцы из бывших японских колоний (Кореи и Китая); * иностранцы и мигранты из других стран. 일본의 민족 문제(일본어: 日本の民族問題)는 일본에서의 민족 정책이나 민족 차별 등에 관한 문제이다. 이 기사에 따르면 현대의 일본이 가지고 있는 그러한 문제의 실정을, 역사적 배경 등을 언급하면서 개설한다. 개개의 문제에 관해서는 더욱 자세한 해설이 다른 항목에 존재하는 경우가 있다. 日本民族问题（日语：日本の民族問題／にほんのみんぞくもんだい），指与日本的民族政策和种族歧视等相关的问题。 وفقًا لإحصائيات التعداد السكاني لعام 2018، فإن 97.8٪ من سكان اليابان هم من السكان الأصليين، والباقي من الرعايا الأجانب المقيمين في اليابان. فقد ازداد عدد العمال الأجانب بشكل كبير في السنوات الأخيرة، وذلك بسبب شيخوخة السكان ونقص القوى العاملة في البلاد. إذ تشير مقالة إخبارية في عام 2018 إلى أن 1 من كل 10 من الشباب المقيمين في طوكيو هم من الرعايا الأجانب. Menurut statistik sensus, 98.5% populasi Jepang adalah orang Jepang, dengan sisanya adalah warga asing yang menetap di Jepang. Namun, statustik tersebut mengukur kewarganegaraan, bukan suku bangsa, dengan seluruh minoritas domestik seperti suku Ainu, suku Ryukyu dan Burakumin dihitung sebagai "orang Jepang." 日本の民族問題（にほんのみんぞくもんだい）では、日本における民族政策や民族的出身に基づく差別などに関して概説する。個々の問題の詳細については当該項目を参照されたい。 I casi di discriminazione e razzismo in Giappone riguardano soprattutto le minoranze etniche presenti nel Paese, talvolta emarginate e trattate con disparità in ambito lavorativo, scolastico e sociale dai giapponesi di etnia Yamato, che sono considerati i discendenti del gruppo etnico nativo dominante dell'arcipelago nipponico. Secondo un rapporto del 2006 a cura delle Nazioni Unite le minoranze più discriminate in Giappone sono la popolazione Ainu, i burakumin, i ryukyuani, i discendenti degli immigrati dai paesi vicini (Corea e Cina) e i nuovi immigrati giunti da altri paesi (ad esempio brasiliani, filippini e vietnamiti). Ciò è dovuto principalmente alla tradizionale convinzione dei giapponesi che solo persone del loro ceppo siano in grado di capire e apprezzare la loro cultura. Nonostante la costituzione giapponese proclami l'uguaglianza di tutti i cittadini davanti alla legge senza distinzione di razza, genere e religione, il sistema legislativo nipponico non prevede pene ai danni di coloro che compiono attività discriminatorie.
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