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- Sir Percy Cradock, GCMG, PC (* 26. Oktober 1923 in , County Durham, England; † 22. Januar 2010 in London) war ein britischer Diplomat, der zwischen 1976 und 1978 britischer Botschafter in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik sowie von 1978 bis 1983 war. Darüber hinaus war er zwischen 1985 und 1992 Vorsitzender des Gemeinsamen Geheimdienstausschusses JIC. (de)
- Sir Percy Cradock GCMG PC (Chinese: 柯利達爵士, 26 October 1923 – 22 January 2010) was a British diplomat, civil servant and sinologist who served as British Ambassador to the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1983, playing a significant role in the Sino-British negotiations which led up to the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984. Joining the Foreign Office in 1954, Cradock served primarily in Asia and was posted to the British Chargé d'affaires Office in Peking (now referred to in English as Beijing) at the outset of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. He, along with other British subjects, was manhandled by the Red Guards and the mobs when the office was set on fire on 22 August 1967. After the rioting, Cradock served as Chargé d'affaires in Peking from 1968 to 1969, and later succeeded Sir Edward Youde as British Ambassador to the People's Republic of China in 1978. His ambassadorship witnessed the start of the Sino-British negotiations in 1982, which subsequently resulted in the Joint Declaration in 1984, an agreement deciding the future of the sovereignty of Hong Kong after 1997. However, the decision of Cradock, who was the British chief negotiator in the negotiations, to compromise with the Chinese authorities, was regarded as a major retreat by the general media in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, and was heavily criticised at that time as betraying the people of Hong Kong. Cradock remained a trusted advisor to the then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, who appointed him as Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee in 1985. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he was the first senior British official to pay a visit to the Chinese leadership in the hope of maintaining the much criticised Joint Declaration. He was successful in fighting to guarantee, in the Basic Law of Hong Kong, that half of the seats of the Legislative Council would be directly elected by 2007. However, Cradock worsened his relationship with Thatcher's successor, John Major, by forcing him to visit China in 1991 after the row between the two countries over the Airport Core Programme of Hong Kong. Major had enough of the compromising attitude of Cradock and the-then Governor of Hong Kong, Sir David Wilson, and finally decided to have both of them replaced in 1992, choosing instead his Conservative-ally Chris Patten as Governor. Unlike his predecessors, Patten was strongly criticised by the Chinese authorities during his governorship because he introduced a series of democratic reforms without consulting them. Although Cradock had retired, he joined the pro-Beijing camp, and became one of the most prominent critics of Governor Patten, censuring him for wrecking the hand-over agreement that had been agreed with the Chinese government. Cradock and Patten blamed each other publicly a number of times in the final years of British administration of Hong Kong. He once famously denounced Patten as an "incredible shrinking Governor", while Patten mocked him openly, in another occasion, as a "dyspeptic retired ambassador" suffering from "Craddockitis". Cradock spent his later years in writing a number of books on realpolitik diplomacy and was a non-executive director of the South China Morning Post. (en)
- 柯利達爵士，GCMG（英語：Sir Percy Cradock，1923年10月26日－2010年1月22日），英國外交官及公務員，1978年至1983年出任英國駐華大使，是英方的「中國通」和主要參與草擬《中英聯合聲明》的英方人物。 柯利達爵士在1954年加入外交部，1967年中國大陸爆發文化大革命時，他正在英國駐北京代辦處任職。同年8月22日，北京發生火燒英國代辦處事件，柯利達與代辦等其他職工被紅衛兵毆傷，事後一度被軟禁。柯利達後來在1968年至1969年出任英國駐華代辦，1978年接替尤德爵士任駐華大使，任內促成中、英雙方就香港前途展開談判、以及後來在1984年簽署《中英聯合聲明》，解決香港在1997年以後的主權問題。然而，他在前途談判中作出重大讓步，又強調與中方妥協對香港前途最為有利的看法，激起爭議，不少香港及英國輿論更批評他與英政府出賣港人利益。 儘管如此，柯利達仍深獲首相戴卓爾夫人信任，更在1985年起任主席。在1989年六四事件後，他多番訪問北京領導人，設法維持《聯合聲明》，並成功爭取將日後香港特別行政區立法會在2007年有半數議席透直選產生的承諾，寫進《基本法》附件二內。柯利達後來就新機場計劃向中方多次「解畫」，迫使首相馬卓安於1991年訪華示好，引來馬卓安的不滿。馬卓安因柯利達與香港總督衛奕信爵士對華過份妥協，在1992年將兩人撤換，且以黨友彭定康接任港督。 彭定康上任後，立即對立法局推動大幅度的民主改革，引來中方強烈不滿。柯利達雖已退出政府，但仍就彭定康推翻中、英早前達成的過渡安排感到相當不滿，多番責難彭定康，指他是「難以置信的畏縮港督」。兩人在香港主權移交前數年多次互相指責，彭定康則以「性情憂鬱的退休大使」揶揄柯利達，並以「柯利達症」嘲諷他對華妥協示好的策略。柯利達晚年主要專注寫作，曾任《南華早報》非執行董事。 (zh)
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- Sir Percy Cradock, GCMG, PC (* 26. Oktober 1923 in , County Durham, England; † 22. Januar 2010 in London) war ein britischer Diplomat, der zwischen 1976 und 1978 britischer Botschafter in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik sowie von 1978 bis 1983 war. Darüber hinaus war er zwischen 1985 und 1992 Vorsitzender des Gemeinsamen Geheimdienstausschusses JIC. (de)
- Sir Percy Cradock GCMG PC (Chinese: 柯利達爵士, 26 October 1923 – 22 January 2010) was a British diplomat, civil servant and sinologist who served as British Ambassador to the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1983, playing a significant role in the Sino-British negotiations which led up to the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984. Cradock spent his later years in writing a number of books on realpolitik diplomacy and was a non-executive director of the South China Morning Post. (en)
- 柯利達爵士，GCMG（英語：Sir Percy Cradock，1923年10月26日－2010年1月22日），英國外交官及公務員，1978年至1983年出任英國駐華大使，是英方的「中國通」和主要參與草擬《中英聯合聲明》的英方人物。 柯利達爵士在1954年加入外交部，1967年中國大陸爆發文化大革命時，他正在英國駐北京代辦處任職。同年8月22日，北京發生火燒英國代辦處事件，柯利達與代辦等其他職工被紅衛兵毆傷，事後一度被軟禁。柯利達後來在1968年至1969年出任英國駐華代辦，1978年接替尤德爵士任駐華大使，任內促成中、英雙方就香港前途展開談判、以及後來在1984年簽署《中英聯合聲明》，解決香港在1997年以後的主權問題。然而，他在前途談判中作出重大讓步，又強調與中方妥協對香港前途最為有利的看法，激起爭議，不少香港及英國輿論更批評他與英政府出賣港人利益。 儘管如此，柯利達仍深獲首相戴卓爾夫人信任，更在1985年起任主席。在1989年六四事件後，他多番訪問北京領導人，設法維持《聯合聲明》，並成功爭取將日後香港特別行政區立法會在2007年有半數議席透直選產生的承諾，寫進《基本法》附件二內。柯利達後來就新機場計劃向中方多次「解畫」，迫使首相馬卓安於1991年訪華示好，引來馬卓安的不滿。馬卓安因柯利達與香港總督衛奕信爵士對華過份妥協，在1992年將兩人撤換，且以黨友彭定康接任港督。 (zh)
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