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- Ion Dobre, más conocido por su pseudónimo de Nichifor Crainic , fue un teólogo, político, poeta, y periodista rumano de extrema derecha, profesor universitario en la Universidad de Bucarest y ministro de Propaganda del gobierno de Ion Antonescu, conocido por su publicismo de signo ultranacionalista y antisemita en el período de entreguerras. (es)
- Nichifor Crainic, ou Nichifor Cranic, de son vrai nom Ion Dobre, né le 22 décembre 1889 à Bulbucata, mort le 20 août 1972 à Mogosoaia, est un théologien, écrivain, poète, journaliste, homme politique, éditeur, philosophe roumain. Il est un important idéologue raciste et fasciste et antisémite d'extrême droite. Il a également utilisé les pseudonymes Victor Rațiu (1908), D. Crainic (1909), DI Crainic, DI Nichifor, N. Crainic (1910), Victor Mărginaș. Nichifor Crainic est son nom légal depuis avril 1926. En 1940, il est élu membre de l'Académie roumaine en remplacement d'Octavian Goga, expulsé en 1945 et réabilité post-mortem en 1994. Crainic était aussi l'un des théoriciens de l' de l'entre-deux-guerres. (fr)
- Nichifor Crainic (Romanian pronunciation: [niˈcifor ˈkrajnik]; pseudonym of Ion Dobre [iˈon ˈdobre]; 22 December 1889, Bulbucata, Giurgiu County – 20 August 1972, Mogoșoaia) was a Romanian writer, editor, philosopher, poet and theologian famed for his traditionalist activities. Crainic was also a professor of theology at the Bucharest Theological Seminary and the Chișinău Faculty of Theology. He was an important racist ideologue, and a far-right politician. He was one of the main Romanian fascist and antisemite ideologues. Crainic was a contributor of poetry to the modernist magazine Gândirea. After become disenfranchised with the publication's progressive views, rather than disassociate with the magazine he became increasingly intertwined in leadership positions in order to de-modernize it. At the end of a series of intellectual sparings within the publication itself, Crainic managed to wrest control of the magazine and institute a sea-change in editorial character supporting mystical Orthodoxy. He developed an ideology given the name Gândirism (from gând – "thought"), a nationalist and neo-Orthodox Christian social and cultural trend. He edited the Gândirea magazine, and collaborated with numerous other publications such as , România Nouă, Cuvântul, and Sfarmă-Piatră. He was also the editor in chief of the newspaper . Nichifor Crainic became a leading pro-Fascist figure in the political turmoil of the late 1930s, openly praising Mussolini and Hitler. He was an ideologue of antisemitism, although his prejudice was a defense of the Gospels rather than a vision of racial hierarchies. His beliefs were a major influence on the Iron Guard legionary movement, although Crainic viewed himself as a supporter of the legionnaires' rival King Carol II. In a 1938 essay, he theoretised the "ethnocratic state" as applied to Romania: Our state is monarchical throughout its entire history. The monarchy is the principle of its continuity. The crown of the Romanian king symbolizes the glory of the people and the permanence of Romanian consciousness. ... The ethnocratic state differs profoundly from the democratic state. The democratic state is based on the number of population, without racial or religious distinction. The foundation of the ethnocratic state is the Romanian soil and people. ... The soil of the Romanian people has today inhabitants of other races and faiths, as well. They came here through invasion (like the Hungarians), through colonization (like the Germans), or through crafty infiltrations (like the Jews). ... The Jews are a permanent danger for every national state. — Crainic, Program of the Ethnocratic State A fulfillment of ethnocracy was to be achieved through the means of a monarch-led corporatist system: Popularized and accepted by the entire nation, executed by government teams selected from the elites of the professions and controlled by parliament, it [a plan to redress Romania] will be supervised by His Majesty the King. ... The corporatist regime culminates in royal authority. — Crainic, Program of the Ethnocratic State Crainic advocated creation of a Romanian spirit that was “antisemitic in theory and antisemitic in practice.” He applied his theological and rhetorical skills to breaking the Judeo-Christian relationship by arguing that the Old Testament was not Jewish, that Jesus had not been Jewish, and that the Talmud, which he saw as the incarnation of modern Jewry, was, first and foremost, a weapon to combat the Christian Gospel and to destroy Christians. — Friling, Ioanid and Ionescu, 2005, BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HOLOCAUST Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The League of National Christian Defense and Iron Guard Antisemitism The Antisemitic Policies of the Goga Government and of the Royal Dictatorship In 1940 he was elected a member of the Romanian Academy. He studied theology at the Seminary in Bucharest, and received his Ph.D. diploma from the University of Vienna. He was appointed Minister of Propaganda for the Ion Antonescu regime. After the Soviet army defeated the Germans and occupied Romania, Crainic went into hiding. A trial was conducted in his absence and he was found guilty of crimes against the people. He was eventually caught and imprisoned by the Romanian authorities in 1947, and spent 15 years in and Aiud prisons. He was expelled from the Academy by the Communist regime. Between 1962 and 1968 he was the editor of the Communist propaganda magazine Glasul Patriei ("The Voice of the Fatherland")—a magazine published in Romania by the Romanian Communist regime but sold only abroad, which they used as a tool to try to influence the Romanian intellectual émigrés to be patriotic and not work against the Communist Romania. Described by the historian Zigu Ornea as “always adaptable” (249), Nichifor Crainic (1889–1972) joined and left a number of these groups while repeatedly attempting to establish himself as an ideologue who could draw the various ultra-nationalist parties together into a united front. ... Crainic occupied senior positions within right-wing regimes between 1940 and 1944, and after he was released from prison in the 1960s the Romanian Communist Party used his talents and reputation as an informer and a “reformed” ultra-nationalist to add credibility to its regime. — Clark (2012: 108) (en)
- Nichifor Crainic (pengucapan bahasa Rumania: ; pseudonim Ion Dobre ; 22 Desember 1889 – 20 Agustus 1972) adalah seorang penulis, penyunting, filsuf dan teolog Rumania yang dikenal karena kegiatan tradisionalisnya. Crainic juga merupakan profesor teologi di Seminari Teologi Bucharest dan Fakultas Teologi Chișinău. Ia adalah seorang ideolog rasis, dan politikus sayap kanan jauh. Ia adalah salah satu fasis Rumania utama dan ideolog antisemit. (in)
- Nichifor Crainic, pseudonimo di Ion Dobre, (Distretto di Giurgiu, 22 dicembre 1889 – Distretto di Ilfov, 20 agosto 1972) è stato un filosofo, giornalista e politico rumeno. Nichifor Crainic è stato un ideologo razzista, fascista, antisemita e un politico di estrema destra. Nel 1940 fu eletto membro dell'Accademia romena su posto vacante di Octavian Goga. (it)
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- Ion Dobre, más conocido por su pseudónimo de Nichifor Crainic , fue un teólogo, político, poeta, y periodista rumano de extrema derecha, profesor universitario en la Universidad de Bucarest y ministro de Propaganda del gobierno de Ion Antonescu, conocido por su publicismo de signo ultranacionalista y antisemita en el período de entreguerras. (es)
- Nichifor Crainic, ou Nichifor Cranic, de son vrai nom Ion Dobre, né le 22 décembre 1889 à Bulbucata, mort le 20 août 1972 à Mogosoaia, est un théologien, écrivain, poète, journaliste, homme politique, éditeur, philosophe roumain. Il est un important idéologue raciste et fasciste et antisémite d'extrême droite. Il a également utilisé les pseudonymes Victor Rațiu (1908), D. Crainic (1909), DI Crainic, DI Nichifor, N. Crainic (1910), Victor Mărginaș. Nichifor Crainic est son nom légal depuis avril 1926. En 1940, il est élu membre de l'Académie roumaine en remplacement d'Octavian Goga, expulsé en 1945 et réabilité post-mortem en 1994. Crainic était aussi l'un des théoriciens de l' de l'entre-deux-guerres. (fr)
- Nichifor Crainic (pengucapan bahasa Rumania: ; pseudonim Ion Dobre ; 22 Desember 1889 – 20 Agustus 1972) adalah seorang penulis, penyunting, filsuf dan teolog Rumania yang dikenal karena kegiatan tradisionalisnya. Crainic juga merupakan profesor teologi di Seminari Teologi Bucharest dan Fakultas Teologi Chișinău. Ia adalah seorang ideolog rasis, dan politikus sayap kanan jauh. Ia adalah salah satu fasis Rumania utama dan ideolog antisemit. (in)
- Nichifor Crainic, pseudonimo di Ion Dobre, (Distretto di Giurgiu, 22 dicembre 1889 – Distretto di Ilfov, 20 agosto 1972) è stato un filosofo, giornalista e politico rumeno. Nichifor Crainic è stato un ideologo razzista, fascista, antisemita e un politico di estrema destra. Nel 1940 fu eletto membro dell'Accademia romena su posto vacante di Octavian Goga. (it)
- Nichifor Crainic (Romanian pronunciation: [niˈcifor ˈkrajnik]; pseudonym of Ion Dobre [iˈon ˈdobre]; 22 December 1889, Bulbucata, Giurgiu County – 20 August 1972, Mogoșoaia) was a Romanian writer, editor, philosopher, poet and theologian famed for his traditionalist activities. Crainic was also a professor of theology at the Bucharest Theological Seminary and the Chișinău Faculty of Theology. He was an important racist ideologue, and a far-right politician. He was one of the main Romanian fascist and antisemite ideologues. — Crainic, Program of the Ethnocratic State — Clark (2012: 108) (en)
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