About: Mohnyin Thado

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Mohnyin Thado (Burmese: မိုးညှင်း သတိုး, pronounced [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó]; 1379–1439) was king of Ava from 1426 to 1439. He is also known in Burmese history as Mohnyin Min Taya (မိုးညှင်း မင်းတရား, [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ mɪ́ɴ təjá], "Righteous Lord of Mohnyin") after his longtime tenure as the sawbwa of Mohnyin, a Shan-speaking frontier state (in present-day Kachin State, Myanmar). He founded the royal house (or dynasty) of Mohnyin (မိုးညှင်း ဆက်) that would rule the kingdom until 1527.

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  • Mohnyin Thado (birmano: မိုးညှင်းသတိုး; también Mohnyinthado o Mohnyin Mintaya; 1390-1440) fue el octavo rey de Ava, que gobernó de 1427 a 1440. El saopha (jefe) birmana de Mohnyin llegó al poder tras derrocar al rey y a su reina en 1427. Su reinado marca el punto culminante del poder de Ava. Desgastada por la contra (Bago) en el sur, y por las guerras de larga duración contra varios en el norte, Ava ya no estaba en condiciones de expandirse. Mohnyin Thado pasó sus doce años de reinado apaciguando las problemáticas regiones de Ava. En particular, luchó por controlar a Taungû, que se rebeló con éxito en 1437. Tuvo que tolerar a los gobernadores de otras regiones que lo trataron como si fuera un anciano. Hanthwaddy apoyó las rebeliones de en 1427 y 1437. Pero los dos reinos no promovieron una guerra a gran escala. En abril de 1438, Mohnyin Thado modificó el calendario tradicional birmano restando dos años siguiendo el consejo de un astrólogo de la corte. El cambio no se hizo efectivo ya que murió menos de dos años después. El rey Alaungpaya de la dinastía Konbaung reclamó ser descendiente de Mohnyin Thado. (es)
  • Mohnyin Thado (birman : မိုးညှင်းသတိုး, móɲ̥íɴ θədó), Mohnyinthado ou Mohnyin Mintaya (1379 – 1439) fut le huitième souverain du royaume d'Ava de 1426 à 1439. D'ethnie birmane, saopha (prince) de Mohnyin, il détrôna le roi Kale Kyetaungnyo et la reine Shin Bo-Me en 1426. Son règne marque l'apogée de la puissance d'Ava. Épuisé par la guerre de Quarante Ans (1385 – 1424) avec le royaume d'Hanthawaddy (Pégou) dans le Sud, plus d'autres conflits au long cours avec divers États Shans dans le Nord, le royaume n'était plus en mesure de s'étendre. Mohnyin Thado passa les douze années de son règne à y rétablir l'ordre. Il eut en particulier des problèmes avec Taungû, qui se révolta en 1437. Les gouverneurs des autres régions le traitèrent au mieux comme un supérieur. Hanthwaddy vint en aide à Taungû à deux reprises, en 1426 et 1437, mais les deux royaumes ne reprirent pas la guerre à grande échelle. En 1438, Mohnyin Thado modifia le en retirant deux ans sur le conseil d'un astrologue de la cour. Ce changement n'eut pas le temps de s'imposer, car il mourut moins de deux ans plus tard. Le roi Alaungpaya, fondateur de la dynastie Taungû (1752-1885) affirmait descendre de Mohnyin Thado. (fr)
  • Mohnyin Thado (Burmese: မိုးညှင်း သတိုး, pronounced [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó]; 1379–1439) was king of Ava from 1426 to 1439. He is also known in Burmese history as Mohnyin Min Taya (မိုးညှင်း မင်းတရား, [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ mɪ́ɴ təjá], "Righteous Lord of Mohnyin") after his longtime tenure as the sawbwa of Mohnyin, a Shan-speaking frontier state (in present-day Kachin State, Myanmar). He founded the royal house (or dynasty) of Mohnyin (မိုးညှင်း ဆက်) that would rule the kingdom until 1527. Born into minor nobility, Thado began his career as a royal army commander in 1401 during the Forty Years' War against Hanthawaddy Pegu. After making his name under the command of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa, including the 1406 conquest of Arakan, Thado was appointed sawbwa of Mohnyin in 1410 by King Minkhaung I. After surviving the Chinese incursions of 1412–1415, the sawbwa's influence in the northern Shan states grew over the next decade. He remained loyal to Minkhaung's successor King Thihathu, serving as a co-commander-in-chief alongside Prince Min Nyo of Kale in the successful final campaign of the Forty Years' War in 1422–1423. When Nyo seized the Ava throne with the help of Queen Shin Bo-Me in 1425, Thado was the only vassal to openly challenge the usurping couple; he drove them out of Ava (Inwa) in 1426. However, Thado himself was viewed as a usurper by many vassals, and could not find any support outside the Irrawaddy valley. He faced a pesky rebellion by Prince Minye Kyawhtin of the previous dynasty from the outset, and by 1427, multiple rebellions had sprung up in the peripheral regions, including his home base, Mohnyin. By 1429, he had largely given up on the reunification project, and began spending much of the royal treasury on a series of constructions of religious buildings. He was unprepared when his internal and external rivals took advantage of his inward-looking policy. He lost the irrigated Yamethin region to the rebel state of Toungoo (Taungoo) in 1429–1430; was forced to cede Tharrawaddy and Paungde to King Binnya Ran I of Hanthawaddy in 1431 after a brief war; and did nothing when Ran seized control of Toungoo in 1436. He grew increasingly eccentric in his last years, and despite the advice of his court, reset the Burmese calendar to year 2 in 1438. Although he never had any control over the peripheral regions, he did leave his successors with the most productive regions of the kingdom. His immediate successors—Minye Kyawswa I and Narapati I—would use the resources of the core regions to successfully reunify the kingdom in the following decade. His line would lead Ava to its "apogee" in the second half of the 15th century. (en)
  • Mohnyin Thado (birmanês: မိုးညှင်း သတိုး, pronunciado [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó]; Nyaungyan, 20 de outubro de 1379 — Ava, 1 de maio de 1439) foi um rei de Ava de 1426 a 1439. Ele também é conhecido na história birmanesa como Mohnyin Min Taya (မိုးညှင်း မင်းတရား, [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ mɪ́ɴ təjá], “Senhor Justo de Mohnyin”) após seu longo mandato como o saopha de Mohnyin, um Estado fronteiriço de língua xã (no atual estado de Cachim, Myanmar). Ele fundou a casa real (ou dinastia) de Mohnyin (မိုးညှင်း ဆက်) que governaria o reino até 1527. Nascido na nobreza menor, Thado começou sua carreira como comandante do exército real em 1401 durante a Guerra dos Quarenta Anos contra o reino de Hanthawaddy. Depois de fazer seu nome sob o comando do príncipe herdeiro Minye Kyawswa, incluindo a conquista de Arracão em 1406, Thado foi nomeado saopha de Mohnyin em 1410 pelo rei Minkhaung I. Depois de sobreviver às incursões chinesas de 1412-1415, a influência do saopha no norte dos Estados xãs cresceu na década seguinte. Ele permaneceu leal ao sucessor de Minkhaung, o rei Thihathu, servindo como cocomandante-chefe ao lado do príncipe Min Nyo de Kale na campanha final bem-sucedida da Guerra dos Quarenta Anos em 1422–1423. Quando Nyo tomou o trono de Ava com a ajuda da rainha Shin Bo-Me em 1425, Thado foi o único vassalo a desafiar abertamente o casal usurpador; ele os expulsou de Ava (Inwa) em 1426. No entanto, o próprio Thado foi visto como um usurpador por muitos vassalos e não conseguiu encontrar nenhum apoio fora do vale do Irauádi. Ele enfrentou uma rebelião incômoda do príncipe Minye Kyawhtin da dinastia anterior desde o início e, em 1427, várias rebeliões surgiram nas regiões periféricas, incluindo sua base, Mohnyin. Em 1429, ele desistiu em grande parte do projeto de reunificação e começou a gastar grande parte do tesouro real em uma série de construções de edifícios religiosos. Ele estava despreparado quando seus rivais internos e externos se aproveitaram de sua política introspectiva. Ele perdeu a região irrigada de Yamethin para o Estado rebelde de Toungoo (Taungoo) em 1429–1430; foi forçado a ceder Tharrawaddy e Paungde ao rei Binnya Ran I de Hanthawaddy em 1431 após uma breve guerra; e não fez nada quando Ran assumiu o controle de Toungoo em 1436. Ficou cada vez mais excêntrico em seus últimos anos e, apesar do conselho de sua corte, redefiniu o calendário birmanês para o ano 2 em 1438. Embora nunca tenha tido qualquer controle sobre as regiões periféricas, deixou seus sucessores com as regiões mais produtivas do reino. Seus sucessores imediatos — Minye Kyawswa I e Narapati I — usariam os recursos das regiões centrais para reunificar com sucesso o reino na década seguinte. Sua linhagem levaria Ava ao seu "apogeu" na segunda metade do século XV. (pt)
  • 孟養德多(緬甸語:မိုးညှင်းသတိုး,发音:[móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó];1379年-1439年),旧译孟養他忉,又稱孟養王,本名苗拉(Myo Hla)或敏南西(Min Nansi),《明史》作莽得剌,他是緬甸阿瓦王朝君主,1426年至1439年間在位。孟養德多在位時期,阿瓦王國的實力已大不如前,境內各地區的統治者已形同諸侯,各行其政,其中尤以東吁為甚。 (zh)
  • Могн'їнтадо (*бірм. မိုးညှင်း သတို; 23 жовтня 1379 — 1439) — 8-й володар царства Ава у 1426—1439 роках. Засновник нової династії Паган-Пінья. (uk)
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  • Sunday, 12th waxing of Tazaungmon 741 ME (en)
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  • Thiri Tri-Bawana-Ditya-Pawara-Pandita Dhamma-Yaza (en)
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  • မိုးညှင်း သတိုး (en)
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  • Eyewitness account by Venetian merchant Niccolò de' Conti, the first European to visit Burma. (en)
  • A contemporary inscription describing the discussions to recalibrate the Burmese calendar (en)
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  • 孟養德多(緬甸語:မိုးညှင်းသတိုး,发音:[móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó];1379年-1439年),旧译孟養他忉,又稱孟養王,本名苗拉(Myo Hla)或敏南西(Min Nansi),《明史》作莽得剌,他是緬甸阿瓦王朝君主,1426年至1439年間在位。孟養德多在位時期,阿瓦王國的實力已大不如前,境內各地區的統治者已形同諸侯,各行其政,其中尤以東吁為甚。 (zh)
  • Могн'їнтадо (*бірм. မိုးညှင်း သတို; 23 жовтня 1379 — 1439) — 8-й володар царства Ава у 1426—1439 роках. Засновник нової династії Паган-Пінья. (uk)
  • Mohnyin Thado (birmano: မိုးညှင်းသတိုး; también Mohnyinthado o Mohnyin Mintaya; 1390-1440) fue el octavo rey de Ava, que gobernó de 1427 a 1440. El saopha (jefe) birmana de Mohnyin llegó al poder tras derrocar al rey y a su reina en 1427. Su reinado marca el punto culminante del poder de Ava. Desgastada por la contra (Bago) en el sur, y por las guerras de larga duración contra varios en el norte, Ava ya no estaba en condiciones de expandirse. Mohnyin Thado pasó sus doce años de reinado apaciguando las problemáticas regiones de Ava. En particular, luchó por controlar a Taungû, que se rebeló con éxito en 1437. Tuvo que tolerar a los gobernadores de otras regiones que lo trataron como si fuera un anciano. Hanthwaddy apoyó las rebeliones de en 1427 y 1437. Pero los dos reinos no promovie (es)
  • Mohnyin Thado (Burmese: မိုးညှင်း သတိုး, pronounced [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó]; 1379–1439) was king of Ava from 1426 to 1439. He is also known in Burmese history as Mohnyin Min Taya (မိုးညှင်း မင်းတရား, [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ mɪ́ɴ təjá], "Righteous Lord of Mohnyin") after his longtime tenure as the sawbwa of Mohnyin, a Shan-speaking frontier state (in present-day Kachin State, Myanmar). He founded the royal house (or dynasty) of Mohnyin (မိုးညှင်း ဆက်) that would rule the kingdom until 1527. (en)
  • Mohnyin Thado (birman : မိုးညှင်းသတိုး, móɲ̥íɴ θədó), Mohnyinthado ou Mohnyin Mintaya (1379 – 1439) fut le huitième souverain du royaume d'Ava de 1426 à 1439. D'ethnie birmane, saopha (prince) de Mohnyin, il détrôna le roi Kale Kyetaungnyo et la reine Shin Bo-Me en 1426. Son règne marque l'apogée de la puissance d'Ava. Épuisé par la guerre de Quarante Ans (1385 – 1424) avec le royaume d'Hanthawaddy (Pégou) dans le Sud, plus d'autres conflits au long cours avec divers États Shans dans le Nord, le royaume n'était plus en mesure de s'étendre. Mohnyin Thado passa les douze années de son règne à y rétablir l'ordre. Il eut en particulier des problèmes avec Taungû, qui se révolta en 1437. Les gouverneurs des autres régions le traitèrent au mieux comme un supérieur. Hanthwaddy vint en aide à Taung (fr)
  • Mohnyin Thado (birmanês: မိုးညှင်း သတိုး, pronunciado [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ ðədó]; Nyaungyan, 20 de outubro de 1379 — Ava, 1 de maio de 1439) foi um rei de Ava de 1426 a 1439. Ele também é conhecido na história birmanesa como Mohnyin Min Taya (မိုးညှင်း မင်းတရား, [móɲ̥ɪ́ɴ mɪ́ɴ təjá], “Senhor Justo de Mohnyin”) após seu longo mandato como o saopha de Mohnyin, um Estado fronteiriço de língua xã (no atual estado de Cachim, Myanmar). Ele fundou a casa real (ou dinastia) de Mohnyin (မိုးညှင်း ဆက်) que governaria o reino até 1527. (pt)
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  • Mohnyin Thado (fr)
  • Mohnyin Thado (pt)
  • 孟養德多 (zh)
  • Могньїнтадо (uk)
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  • မိုးညှင်း သတိုး (en)
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