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- الجالية العراقية في أوروبا (بالإنجليزية: Iraqi diaspora in Europe) كانت هناك موجات عديدة من اللاجئين والمهاجرين من العراق منذ أواخر السبعينيات وحتى الوقت الحاضر، بسبب الأحداث الكبرى في التاريخ الحديث للعراق أسفرت عن مهاجرة ملايين العراقيين: من الحرب الإيرانية العراقية 1980-1988، وحرب الخليج عام 1991، والعقوبات الاقتصادية التي استمرت من عام 1991 حتى الإطاحة بحكم صدام حسين، والغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة للعراق عام 2003، وأيضا خلال العمليات العسكرية ضد تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) عام 2014. (ar)
- There have been many waves of refugees and emigrants from Iraq since the late 1970s until the present. Major events the modern history of Iraq resulted in the flight of what are now millions of Iraqis: more than three decades of repression and occasional violent attacks and massacres against the Kurdish population in the north and the Shi'a in the south perpetrated by Saddam Hussein's regime, the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988, the 1991 Gulf War, the economic sanctions that lasted from 1991 until the toppling of Saddam Hussein, and the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. Europe has hosted an important population of Iraqi exiles since the 1980s with the outbreak of the Iran–Iraq War. In particular, the Iraqi diaspora has had a strong presence in the UK, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands (which has hosted refugees since the 1991 Gulf War). Nevertheless, Europe's performance in addressing the refugee crisis that resulted from the US-led invasion of Iraq has been widely criticized by the UNHCR, which denounced the small number of asylum applicants accepted by the EU. By the end of 2008, only 10 per cent of the Iraqi refugees resettled by the UNHCR were hosted by EU countries, mainly Sweden and the Netherlands. In 2007 while the sectarian violence intensified in Iraq after the Al-Askari mosque bombing , the UN called on western nations to accept more Iraqi refugees. After 18 months of pressure by the UNHCR, the EU reached a (non-binding) agreement in November 2008 for accepting up to 10,000 Iraqi refugees, giving special treatment to those living in extreme conditions in Syria and Jordan. Unpleasant living and working conditions for Iraqi refugees in Jordan continued to trigger further migration to Europe. (en)
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