About: Gold lunula

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The Gold lunula (plural: lunulae) is a distinctive type of late Neolithic, Chalcolithic or (most often) early Bronze Age necklace or collar shaped like a crescent moon; most are from Prehistoric Ireland. They are normally flat and thin, with roundish spatulate terminals that are often twisted to 45 to 90 degrees from the plane of the body. Gold lunulae fall into three distinct groups, termed Classical, Unaccomplished and Provincial by archaeologists. Most have been found in Ireland, but there are moderate numbers in other parts of Europe as well, from Great Britain to areas of the continent fairly near the Atlantic coasts. Although no lunula has been directly dated, from associations with other artefacts it is thought they were being made sometime in the period between 2400–2000 BC; a wood

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  • Als Lunula (Mehrzahl: Lunulae, von lat. luna, der Mond; lunula, der kleine Mond bzw.‚ die Mondsichel‘) bezeichnet man in der Archäologie spätneolithische bis frühbronzezeitliche, halbmondförmige Gegenstände, meist aus dünnem Goldblech. In Südfrankreich (Dolmen de la Verdoline) und auf der Iberischen Halbinsel sind auch Exemplare aus Schiefer (Necropole von Baútas, Amadora) und Bronze bekannt. Eine Sonderform der Lunula ist das Gorget. (de)
  • The Gold lunula (plural: lunulae) is a distinctive type of late Neolithic, Chalcolithic or (most often) early Bronze Age necklace or collar shaped like a crescent moon; most are from Prehistoric Ireland. They are normally flat and thin, with roundish spatulate terminals that are often twisted to 45 to 90 degrees from the plane of the body. Gold lunulae fall into three distinct groups, termed Classical, Unaccomplished and Provincial by archaeologists. Most have been found in Ireland, but there are moderate numbers in other parts of Europe as well, from Great Britain to areas of the continent fairly near the Atlantic coasts. Although no lunula has been directly dated, from associations with other artefacts it is thought they were being made sometime in the period between 2400–2000 BC; a wooden box associated with one Irish find has recently given a radiocarbon dating range of 2460–2040 BC. Of the more than a hundred gold lunulae known from Western Europe, more than eighty are from Ireland; it is possible they were all the work of a handful of expert goldsmiths, though the three groups are presumed to have had different creators. Several examples have a heavily crinkled appearance suggesting that they had been rolled up at some point. One Irish example, from Ballinagroun, has had its original Classical engraved decoration beaten over to erase it (not quite successfully), and then a new Unaccomplished scheme added (see below for these classifications). This and the fact that it had been folded over several times suggest that it had been in use for a long time before it was deposited. The first two examples illustrated show roughly the range of widths of the lowest part of the lunula that is found. Finds in graves are rare, perhaps suggesting they were regarded as clan or group property rather than personal possessions, and though some were found in bogs, perhaps suggesting ritual deposits, more were found on higher ground, often under standing stones. Most gold lunulae have decorative patterns very much resembling beaker pottery from roughly the same period, using geometrical patterns made up of straight lines, with zig-zags and criss-cross patterns, and many different axes of symmetry. The curving edges of the lunula are generally followed by curving border-lines, often with decoration between them. The decoration is typically most dense at the tips and edges, and the broad lower central area is often undecorated between the borders. The decoration also resembles that on amber and jet spacer necklaces, which are thought to be slightly later in date. (en)
  • La lúnula es un tipo de collar con la forma geométrica de su mismo nombre, característico de la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro. Este objeto arqueológico de orfebrería está hecho normalmente de oro o plata, y en ocasiones decorado con repujados o incisiones. Se han encontrado lúnulas en varios lugares de Europa, pero son particularmente abundantes en Irlanda.​ En la península ibérica se han descubierto varios ejemplares, especialmente en Portugal. De entre los de este país, son un ejemplo notable, por su calidad artística, las dos lúnulas lusitanas de plata repujada halladas en 1912 en de Lamas, una localidad de la freguesia de Lamas, en Miranda do Corvo (distrito de Coímbra). Están datadas en el siglo II a. C., y acompañaban a otras piezas de minuciosa elaboración, también de plata. Hoy en día se exponen en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España, en Madrid.​ (es)
  • Con la definizione di Lunula d'oro (plurale: lunule) si usa descrivere un tipo particolare di collana dell'antica età del bronzo di forma simile alla luna crescente. Generalmente le lunule vengono trovate in Irlanda, ma ci sono quantità moderate anche in altre parti d'Europa, particolarmente in Gran Bretagna. Sebbene nessuna lunula sia stata direttamente datata, dalle associazioni con altri manufatti, si pensa che esse siano state fabbricate talvolta tra il 2200 e il 2000 a.C. (Needham 1996, 124). Si conoscono poco meno di duecento lunule d'oro ed è possibile che esse fossero tutte il frutto del lavoro di un piccolo numero di specialisti. Le lunule più espressive scoperte provengono da Kerivoa, Bretagna. Qui le lunule vennero scoperte nei resti di una cassa con dell'oro in fogli e un bastone d'oro. Il bastone aveva la sua estremità martellata piatta alla maniera delle lunule. Da qui si è ipotizzato che le lunule fossero fatte martellando un bastone d'oro piatto in modo da farlo diventare simile a una lamina e adatto alla forma desiderata. La decorazione era allora applicata imprimendo i motivi ornamentali con uno stilo. Lo stilo usato spesso lasciava le impronte rivelatrici sulla superficie dell'oro, sì da far pensare che tutte le lunule provenienti da Kerivoa, e altre due da Saint-Potan, Bretagna e la baia di , Cornovaglia, fossero tutte fatte con lo stesso strumento. Questo suggerisce che le cinque lunule fossero il lavoro di un solo artigiano e i contenuti della scatola di Kerivoa la materia prima derivata dal commercio. Le lune d'oro hanno modelli decorativi che somigliano moltissimo alla contemporanea ceramica campaniforme e anche alle collane d'ambra e giaietto, le quali si pensa siano leggermente posteriori. L'ideologia associata a questo tipo di modello è sconosciuta. Allo stesso modo il collegamento ideologico tra i diversi materiali con cui queste collane vennero fatte rimane un mistero. (it)
  • Une lunule est une parure de cou en forme de croissant de lune produite en Europe de l'Ouest à la fin du Néolithique et plus souvent au début de l'âge du bronze. Le terme vient du latin lunula qui signifie « petite lune ». Plates et minces, les lunules sont constituées de métal, le plus souvent en or, mais aussi parfois en laiton ou en bronze. Sur la centaine d'exemplaires trouvés, plus de quatre-vingt provenaient d'Irlande. Bien qu'elles n'ont pu être directement datées, par association avec d'autres artefacts on estime la période de production vers 2200-2000 AEC.Généralement les lunules sont ornées de formes géométriques, lignes et zigzags, la partie centrale restant non décorée. (fr)
  • Лунула (от лат. lunula — «маленькая луна, лунка или серп небольшого размера») — разновидность пекторали, особый тип шейных украшений эпохи раннего бронзового века в виде полумесяца, выполненного из золота, бронзы или другого металла.Ударение падает на первый слог.Помимо этого, лунулой называется полумесяц у основания ногтя. (ru)
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  • Als Lunula (Mehrzahl: Lunulae, von lat. luna, der Mond; lunula, der kleine Mond bzw.‚ die Mondsichel‘) bezeichnet man in der Archäologie spätneolithische bis frühbronzezeitliche, halbmondförmige Gegenstände, meist aus dünnem Goldblech. In Südfrankreich (Dolmen de la Verdoline) und auf der Iberischen Halbinsel sind auch Exemplare aus Schiefer (Necropole von Baútas, Amadora) und Bronze bekannt. Eine Sonderform der Lunula ist das Gorget. (de)
  • Лунула (от лат. lunula — «маленькая луна, лунка или серп небольшого размера») — разновидность пекторали, особый тип шейных украшений эпохи раннего бронзового века в виде полумесяца, выполненного из золота, бронзы или другого металла.Ударение падает на первый слог.Помимо этого, лунулой называется полумесяц у основания ногтя. (ru)
  • The Gold lunula (plural: lunulae) is a distinctive type of late Neolithic, Chalcolithic or (most often) early Bronze Age necklace or collar shaped like a crescent moon; most are from Prehistoric Ireland. They are normally flat and thin, with roundish spatulate terminals that are often twisted to 45 to 90 degrees from the plane of the body. Gold lunulae fall into three distinct groups, termed Classical, Unaccomplished and Provincial by archaeologists. Most have been found in Ireland, but there are moderate numbers in other parts of Europe as well, from Great Britain to areas of the continent fairly near the Atlantic coasts. Although no lunula has been directly dated, from associations with other artefacts it is thought they were being made sometime in the period between 2400–2000 BC; a wood (en)
  • La lúnula es un tipo de collar con la forma geométrica de su mismo nombre, característico de la Edad del Bronce y la Edad del Hierro. Este objeto arqueológico de orfebrería está hecho normalmente de oro o plata, y en ocasiones decorado con repujados o incisiones. Se han encontrado lúnulas en varios lugares de Europa, pero son particularmente abundantes en Irlanda.​ (es)
  • Une lunule est une parure de cou en forme de croissant de lune produite en Europe de l'Ouest à la fin du Néolithique et plus souvent au début de l'âge du bronze. Le terme vient du latin lunula qui signifie « petite lune ». (fr)
  • Con la definizione di Lunula d'oro (plurale: lunule) si usa descrivere un tipo particolare di collana dell'antica età del bronzo di forma simile alla luna crescente. Generalmente le lunule vengono trovate in Irlanda, ma ci sono quantità moderate anche in altre parti d'Europa, particolarmente in Gran Bretagna. Sebbene nessuna lunula sia stata direttamente datata, dalle associazioni con altri manufatti, si pensa che esse siano state fabbricate talvolta tra il 2200 e il 2000 a.C. (Needham 1996, 124). Si conoscono poco meno di duecento lunule d'oro ed è possibile che esse fossero tutte il frutto del lavoro di un piccolo numero di specialisti. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Lunula (Archäologie) (de)
  • Lúnula (arqueología) (es)
  • Gold lunula (en)
  • Lunule (parure) (fr)
  • Lunula d'oro (it)
  • Лунула (ru)
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