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- Fanum Voltumnae va ser el principal santuari d'Etrúria, on les ciutats etrusques tenien les seves reunions anyals, de caràcter més religiós que polític. Sembla que els etruscs es governaven de forma autònoma a cada ciutat, però feien reunions generals a Fanum Voltumnae, encontres que se celebraven una vegada a l'any. Eren més aviat trobades que tractaven temes econòmics i religiosos, on s'elegia un gran sacerdot que oficiava en nom de les dotze ciutats. Sembla evident que pel seu nom era un temple on es feien reunions sagrades, però amb el temps va anar canviant la seva funció. No hi ha cap raó per pensar que en aquell lloc hi havia una ciutat, encara que segurament a aquestes reunions anuals hi feien cap comerciants i firaires de totes les parts d'Etrúria, segons diu Titus Livi. El temple estava dedicat a Voltumna, una divinitat ctònica etrusca que correspon al déu romà Vertumne. La seva situació no està documentada enlloc i no torna a ser esmentada després de la conquesta de les darreres ciutats etrusques per Roma. Titus Livi el menciona cinc cops, i el situa a prop de Volsinii. Es va localitzar al Campo della Fiera, sobre el que es troba Orvieto, i s'havia especulat que estigués a Viterbo, Castel d'Asso o al mont Fiascone, a uns 15 km de Bolsena. (ca)
- Fanum Voltumnae je nejdůležitější etruskou svatyní a shromaždištěm. Byla zasvěcena podsvětnímu božstvu jménem Voltumna (taktéž Veltha). Slovo fanum představuje posvátné místo. V díle římského historika Marca Terentia Varrona je Voltumna uváděn jako deus Etruriae princeps, tedy hlavní bůh Etrurie. (cs)
- Το Fanum Voltumnae ήταν το ετρουσκικό ομοσπονδιακό ιερό, όπου οι εκπρόσωποι των δώδεκα πόλεων που αποτελούσαν την συγκεντρώνονταν για την διεξαγωγή συμβουλίων, καθώς και για τον εορτασμό των . Η ιερή αυτή τοποθεσία ήταν αφιερωμένη στον , μια από τις μορφές του Τινς, του Γιούπιτερ των Ετρούσκων. Η ακριβής τοποθεσία του παραμένει ακόμη αβέβαιη (Βιτέρμπο ή ή Ορβιέτο). (el)
- The Fanum Voltumnae (‘shrine of Voltumna’) was the chief sanctuary of the Etruscans; fanum means a sacred place, a much broader notion than a single temple. Numerous sources refer to a league of the "Twelve Peoples" of Etruria, formed for religious purposes but evidently having some political functions. The Etruscan league of twelve city-states met annually at the Fanum, located in a place chosen as omphalos (sacred navel), the geographical and spiritual centre of the whole Etruscan nation. Each spring political and religious leaders from the cities would meet to discuss military campaigns and civic affairs and pray to their common gods. Chief amongst these was Voltumna (or Veltha), possibly state god of the Etruria. Roman historian Livy mentioned the Fanum Voltumnae five times in his works and indicated "...apud Volsinios..." as the place where the shrine was located. Modern historians have been looking for the Fanum since at least the 15th century but the exact location of the shrine is still unknown, though it may have been in an area near modern Orvieto, believed by many to be the ancient Volsinii. Livy describes the meetings that took place at the Fanum between Etruscan leaders. Livy refers in particular to a meeting in which two groups applied to assist the city of Veii in a war it was waging. The council's answer was no, because Veii had declared war without first notifying it. Livy also says that Roman merchants who travelled to a huge fair attached to the meeting acted as spies, reporting back on Etruscan affairs to authorities in the city-state of Rome. Livy was alone in mentioning the god Voltumna, whereas Marcus Terentius Varro indicated a god-prince of Etruria. The Latin elegiac poet Propertius writes of an Etruscan god taken to Rome from Velzna (the town of Orvieto).That the Fanum was somewhere in central Italy in the area between Orvieto and Viterbo is probable enough, but as Livy gave no clue to its locality, and as no inscriptions have thrown light on the subject, at the current time it can be but pure conjecture to assign to it this or that particular site. (en)
- Le Fanum Voltumnae était, selon Tite-Live, le sanctuaire fédéral étrusque où les représentants des douze cités de la dodécapole se réunissaient pour tenir conseil et célébrer les jeux sacrés. Le lieu sacré était dédié à Voltumna. Son lieu précis est encore incertain (Viterbe ou Montefiascone ou Orvieto). (fr)
- Il Fanum Voltumnae (dal latino "santuario di Voltumna") era il santuario federale etrusco descritto dalle fonti antiche, ma di incerta identificazione. Recenti scavi archeologici sembrerebbero localizzarlo sotto la rupe di Orvieto, nel pianoro del Campo della Fiera. Il santuario era dedicato al dio Voltumna (dal quale derivava la divinità romana Vertumno), probabilmente un aspetto del dio Tinia (equivalente al romano Giove e al greco Zeus). Ogni anno a primavera vi si riunivano i capi dei dodici popoli della Lega etrusca. Veniva eletto il capo supremo della Lega, si tenevano feste religiose e si prendevano deliberazioni di politica interna ed estera. Altre riunioni straordinarie potevano tenersi nel santuario per deliberare di affari urgenti. (it)
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- Fanum Voltumnae je nejdůležitější etruskou svatyní a shromaždištěm. Byla zasvěcena podsvětnímu božstvu jménem Voltumna (taktéž Veltha). Slovo fanum představuje posvátné místo. V díle římského historika Marca Terentia Varrona je Voltumna uváděn jako deus Etruriae princeps, tedy hlavní bůh Etrurie. (cs)
- Το Fanum Voltumnae ήταν το ετρουσκικό ομοσπονδιακό ιερό, όπου οι εκπρόσωποι των δώδεκα πόλεων που αποτελούσαν την συγκεντρώνονταν για την διεξαγωγή συμβουλίων, καθώς και για τον εορτασμό των . Η ιερή αυτή τοποθεσία ήταν αφιερωμένη στον , μια από τις μορφές του Τινς, του Γιούπιτερ των Ετρούσκων. Η ακριβής τοποθεσία του παραμένει ακόμη αβέβαιη (Βιτέρμπο ή ή Ορβιέτο). (el)
- Le Fanum Voltumnae était, selon Tite-Live, le sanctuaire fédéral étrusque où les représentants des douze cités de la dodécapole se réunissaient pour tenir conseil et célébrer les jeux sacrés. Le lieu sacré était dédié à Voltumna. Son lieu précis est encore incertain (Viterbe ou Montefiascone ou Orvieto). (fr)
- Fanum Voltumnae va ser el principal santuari d'Etrúria, on les ciutats etrusques tenien les seves reunions anyals, de caràcter més religiós que polític. Sembla que els etruscs es governaven de forma autònoma a cada ciutat, però feien reunions generals a Fanum Voltumnae, encontres que se celebraven una vegada a l'any. Eren més aviat trobades que tractaven temes econòmics i religiosos, on s'elegia un gran sacerdot que oficiava en nom de les dotze ciutats. (ca)
- The Fanum Voltumnae (‘shrine of Voltumna’) was the chief sanctuary of the Etruscans; fanum means a sacred place, a much broader notion than a single temple. Numerous sources refer to a league of the "Twelve Peoples" of Etruria, formed for religious purposes but evidently having some political functions. The Etruscan league of twelve city-states met annually at the Fanum, located in a place chosen as omphalos (sacred navel), the geographical and spiritual centre of the whole Etruscan nation. Each spring political and religious leaders from the cities would meet to discuss military campaigns and civic affairs and pray to their common gods. Chief amongst these was Voltumna (or Veltha), possibly state god of the Etruria. (en)
- Il Fanum Voltumnae (dal latino "santuario di Voltumna") era il santuario federale etrusco descritto dalle fonti antiche, ma di incerta identificazione. Recenti scavi archeologici sembrerebbero localizzarlo sotto la rupe di Orvieto, nel pianoro del Campo della Fiera. Il santuario era dedicato al dio Voltumna (dal quale derivava la divinità romana Vertumno), probabilmente un aspetto del dio Tinia (equivalente al romano Giove e al greco Zeus). (it)
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