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- Anismus or dyssynergic defecation is the failure of normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles during attempted defecation. It can occur in both children and adults, and in both men and women (although it is more common in women). It can be caused by physical defects or it can occur for other reasons or unknown reasons. Anismus that has a behavioral cause could be viewed as having similarities with parcopresis, or psychogenic fecal retention. Symptoms include tenesmus (the sensation of incomplete emptying of the rectum after defecation has occurred) and constipation. Retention of stool may result in fecal loading (retention of a mass of stool of any consistency) or fecal impaction (retention of a mass of hard stool). This mass may stretch the walls of the rectum and colon, causing megarectum and/or megacolon, respectively. Liquid stool may leak around a fecal impaction, possibly causing degrees of liquid fecal incontinence. This is usually termed encopresis or soiling in children, and fecal leakage, soiling or liquid fecal incontinence in adults. Anismus is usually treated with dietary adjustments, such as dietary fiber supplementation. It can also be treated with a type of biofeedback therapy, during which a sensor probe is inserted into the person's anal canal in order to record the pressures exerted by the pelvic floor muscles. These pressures are visually fed back to the patient via a monitor who can regain the normal coordinated movement of the muscles after a few sessions. Some researchers have suggested that anismus is an over-diagnosed condition, since the standard investigations or digital rectal examination and anorectal manometry were shown to cause paradoxical sphincter contraction in healthy controls, who did not have constipation or incontinence. Due to the invasive and perhaps uncomfortable nature of these investigations, the pelvic floor musculature is thought to behave differently than under normal circumstances. These researchers went on to conclude that paradoxical pelvic floor contraction is a common finding in healthy people as well as in people with chronic constipation and stool incontinence, and it represents a non-specific finding or laboratory artifact related to untoward conditions during examination, and that true anismus is actually rare. (en)
- El anismo es la dificultad para defecar por una descoordinación entre el recto y el ano que impide que puedan salir las heces con normalidad. Hay un bloqueo de la defecación, sin alteración anatómica, causada por un fallo en la relajación o por una contracción paradójica de la y del durante la defecación. La principal consecuencia es una dificultad para la expulsión de las heces que puede originar . (es)
- La sindrome del pubo-rettale riguarda la difficoltà dei muscoli rettali a rilassarsi, causato a sua volta da una deficienza motoria della fionda del pubo-rettale, portando alla persona che ne soffre una difficoltà defecatoria. Non mostrano sintomi di particolare rilievo e si manifesta solitamente con l'ulcera solitaria del retto (it)
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- Dyssynergic defecation (en)
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- El anismo es la dificultad para defecar por una descoordinación entre el recto y el ano que impide que puedan salir las heces con normalidad. Hay un bloqueo de la defecación, sin alteración anatómica, causada por un fallo en la relajación o por una contracción paradójica de la y del durante la defecación. La principal consecuencia es una dificultad para la expulsión de las heces que puede originar . (es)
- La sindrome del pubo-rettale riguarda la difficoltà dei muscoli rettali a rilassarsi, causato a sua volta da una deficienza motoria della fionda del pubo-rettale, portando alla persona che ne soffre una difficoltà defecatoria. Non mostrano sintomi di particolare rilievo e si manifesta solitamente con l'ulcera solitaria del retto (it)
- Anismus or dyssynergic defecation is the failure of normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles during attempted defecation. It can occur in both children and adults, and in both men and women (although it is more common in women). It can be caused by physical defects or it can occur for other reasons or unknown reasons. Anismus that has a behavioral cause could be viewed as having similarities with parcopresis, or psychogenic fecal retention. (en)
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- Anismus (en)
- Anismo (es)
- Sindrome del pubo-rettale (it)
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