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Acclimatisation societies were voluntary associations in the 19th and 20th centuries that encouraged the introduction of non-native species in various places around the world, in the hope that they would acclimatise and adapt to their new environments. The societies were formed during the colonial era, when Europeans began to settle in unfamiliar locations. One motivation for the activities of the acclimatisation societies was that introducing new species of plants and animals (mainly from Europe) would enrich the flora and fauna of a region. The movement also sought to establish plants and animals that were familiar to Europeans, while also bringing exotic and useful foreign plants and animals to European centres.

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  • Acclimatisation societies were voluntary associations in the 19th and 20th centuries that encouraged the introduction of non-native species in various places around the world, in the hope that they would acclimatise and adapt to their new environments. The societies were formed during the colonial era, when Europeans began to settle in unfamiliar locations. One motivation for the activities of the acclimatisation societies was that introducing new species of plants and animals (mainly from Europe) would enrich the flora and fauna of a region. The movement also sought to establish plants and animals that were familiar to Europeans, while also bringing exotic and useful foreign plants and animals to European centres. Today, it is widely understood that introducing species to foreign environments is often harmful to native species and their ecosystems. For example, in Australia the environment was seriously harmed by overgrazing by rabbits. In North America house sparrows displaced and kill native birds and, around the world, salamander populations are today threatened by introduced fungal infections. Consequently, the deliberate introduction of new species is now illegal in some countries. A definition of acclimatisation was attempted by Alfred Russel Wallace in his entry in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 11th edition (1911). Wallace tried to differentiate the idea from other terms, such as "domestication" and "naturalisation". He noted that a domesticated animal could live in environments controlled by humans. Naturalisation, he suggested, included the process of acclimatisation, which involved "gradual adjustment". The idea, at least in France, was associated with Lamarckism, and Wallace noted that there were some, such as Charles Darwin, who denied the possibility of forcing individual animals to adjust. However, Wallace pointed out that there was the possibility that there were variations among individuals and so some could have the ability to adapt to new environments. (en)
  • Als Akklimatisationsgesellschaft bezeichnet man Vereine oder Organisationen, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt haben, die bestehende Fauna und Flora durch die Ausbringung von Pflanzen (sogenannte Ansalbung) oder die Auswilderung von Tieren zu „bereichern“. Akklimatisationsgesellschaften sind vor allem ein Phänomen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Ihr Wirken ist vor allem für die Geschichte Australiens, Neuseelands, aber auch für Nordamerika typisch. Allerdings ist nicht jede dort eingeführte Tierart auf das Wirken von Akklimatisationsgesellschaften zurückzuführen. Viele Tierarten – wie beispielsweise die Wildkaninchen in Australien – wurden durch die Initiative Einzelner eingeführt und ausgewildert. Sowohl Ansalbung als auch die Auswilderung von nicht-einheimischen (in der Regel auch einheimischer) Tierarten ist mittlerweile in den meisten Ländern gesetzlich untersagt. (de)
  • Una sociedad de aclimatación era una organización creada con el fin de enriquecer la biodiversidad de una región concreta con animales y plantas de otras partes del mundo. La primera de estas sociedades fue La Société Zoologique d'Acclimatation fundada en París en 1854 por Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Estas sociedades se extendieron rápidamente por el mundo, especialmente en la colonias europeas de América y Australasia. En muchos casos realizaban una doble tarea: estudiaban la historia natural e introducían especies. Las sociedades de aclimatación basaban sus acciones en las colonias (especialmente en Nueva Zelanda)​ en la creencia de que la fauna local era de alguna manera deficiente o estaba empobrecida; había también un elemento de nostalgia en los colonos que deseaban ver especies familiares.​ Las introducciones también fueron realizadas con algunas especies por su valor económico y comercial. Algunas de estas introducciones fueron desastrosas en términos ecológicos; como por ejemplo el caso del conejo en Australia, donde una de cada ocho especies de mamíferos se extinguieron. (es)
  • 順化協会(じゅんかきょうかい、英語名:Acclimatization society)は、他地域の動植物を移入することで、その地域の生物相を第一次産業的及び植民地経営の視点から利益が上がるように改変するために創設された親睦団体。主に19世紀に活動し、今日世界各地の生態系に大きな負の遺産を残した。 (ja)
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  • 順化協会(じゅんかきょうかい、英語名:Acclimatization society)は、他地域の動植物を移入することで、その地域の生物相を第一次産業的及び植民地経営の視点から利益が上がるように改変するために創設された親睦団体。主に19世紀に活動し、今日世界各地の生態系に大きな負の遺産を残した。 (ja)
  • Acclimatisation societies were voluntary associations in the 19th and 20th centuries that encouraged the introduction of non-native species in various places around the world, in the hope that they would acclimatise and adapt to their new environments. The societies were formed during the colonial era, when Europeans began to settle in unfamiliar locations. One motivation for the activities of the acclimatisation societies was that introducing new species of plants and animals (mainly from Europe) would enrich the flora and fauna of a region. The movement also sought to establish plants and animals that were familiar to Europeans, while also bringing exotic and useful foreign plants and animals to European centres. (en)
  • Als Akklimatisationsgesellschaft bezeichnet man Vereine oder Organisationen, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt haben, die bestehende Fauna und Flora durch die Ausbringung von Pflanzen (sogenannte Ansalbung) oder die Auswilderung von Tieren zu „bereichern“. Akklimatisationsgesellschaften sind vor allem ein Phänomen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Ihr Wirken ist vor allem für die Geschichte Australiens, Neuseelands, aber auch für Nordamerika typisch. Allerdings ist nicht jede dort eingeführte Tierart auf das Wirken von Akklimatisationsgesellschaften zurückzuführen. Viele Tierarten – wie beispielsweise die Wildkaninchen in Australien – wurden durch die Initiative Einzelner eingeführt und ausgewildert. (de)
  • Una sociedad de aclimatación era una organización creada con el fin de enriquecer la biodiversidad de una región concreta con animales y plantas de otras partes del mundo. La primera de estas sociedades fue La Société Zoologique d'Acclimatation fundada en París en 1854 por Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Estas sociedades se extendieron rápidamente por el mundo, especialmente en la colonias europeas de América y Australasia. En muchos casos realizaban una doble tarea: estudiaban la historia natural e introducían especies. (es)
rdfs:label
  • Akklimatisationsgesellschaft (de)
  • Acclimatisation society (en)
  • Sociedad de aclimatación (es)
  • 順化協会 (ja)
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