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A Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz (BKL) singularity is a model of the dynamic evolution of the universe near the initial gravitational singularity, described by an anisotropic, chaotic solution of the Einstein field equation of gravitation. According to this model, the universe is chaotically oscillating around a gravitational singularity in which time and space become equal to zero or, equivalently, the spacetime curvature becomes infinitely big. This singularity is physically real in the sense that it is a necessary property of the solution, and will appear also in the exact solution of those equations. The singularity is not artificially created by the assumptions and simplifications made by the other special solutions such as the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker, quasi-isotropic, and

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  • تفرد بي كي إل (ar)
  • BKL singularity (en)
  • Singularité BKL (fr)
  • Singolarità BKL (it)
  • БХЛ-сингулярность (ru)
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  • Une singularité BKL est une solution de vide, asymétrique et chaotique aux d'Einstein conjecturée pour représenter la géométrie intérieure réelle d'un trou noir « physique » formé par effondrement gravitationnel. Le modèle cosmologique d'univers mixmaster est une solution à la relativité générale qui présente les propriétés similaires à celles discutées par la singularité BKL. (fr)
  • Una singolarità BKL (Belinskij–Chalatnikov–Lifšic) è un modello dell'evoluzione dinamica dell'universo vicino alla singolarità gravitazionale, descritto da una soluzione anisotropica, omogenea e caotica delle equazioni di campo di Einstein della gravitazione. (it)
  • تفرد بي كي إل (بالإنجليزية: Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL)) هو نموذج للتطور الديناميكي للكون بالقرب من تفرد الجاذبية الأولي، الموصوف بمحلول فوضوي متباين الخواص . وفقًا لهذا النموذج، يتأرجح الكون بشكل فوضوي حول تفرد الجاذبية حيث يصبح الزمان والمكان مساويين للصفر. هذا التفرد حقيقي ماديًا بمعنى أنه خاصية ضرورية للحل، وسيظهر أيضًا في لتلك المعادلات. لم يتم إنشاء التفرد بشكل مصطنع من خلال الافتراضات والتبسيط التي تم إجراؤها بواسطة الحلول الخاصة الأخرى مثل حلول فريدمان - لوميتري - روبرتسون - ووكر وشبه الخواص وحلول تحتوي الصورة التي طورتها بي كي إل على عدة عناصر مهمة. وهذه هي: (ar)
  • A Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz (BKL) singularity is a model of the dynamic evolution of the universe near the initial gravitational singularity, described by an anisotropic, chaotic solution of the Einstein field equation of gravitation. According to this model, the universe is chaotically oscillating around a gravitational singularity in which time and space become equal to zero or, equivalently, the spacetime curvature becomes infinitely big. This singularity is physically real in the sense that it is a necessary property of the solution, and will appear also in the exact solution of those equations. The singularity is not artificially created by the assumptions and simplifications made by the other special solutions such as the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker, quasi-isotropic, and (en)
  • БХЛ-сингулярность (или сингулярность Белинского — Халатникова — Лифшица) — нетривиальное, хаотическое и динамическое решение уравнения гравитации Эйнштейна, для однородной, замкнутой, но анизотропной вселенной с 3-сферической топологией (IX космологическая модель по классификации Бианки). Данная сингулярность является самой реалистичной из возможных, образуется при коллапсе вселенной в процессе «Большого хруста», и в недрах чёрных дыр. БХЛ-сингулярность характеризируется хаотически колеблющимися во времени приливными силами гравитации вблизи нее. (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BKLChaoticVIII.gif
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bkl_fig1.svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bkl_fig3a.svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kasner-simple.gif
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kasner_epochs.svg
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