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Statements

Subject Item
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Wettervorhersage für den 5. und 6. Juni 1944 im Ärmelkanal Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord Conditions météorologiques lors du débarquement de Normandie
rdfs:comment
The Overlord planners for the invasion of Europe in 1944 specified suitable weather (wind, cloud, tidal and moon conditions) for the assault landing; with only a few days in each month suitable. In May and June 1944 frequent pre-assault meetings were held at Southwick House in Hampshire near Portsmouth by Eisenhower with Group Captain James Stagg of the RAF, the Chief Meteorological Officer, SHAEF, his deputy Colonel Donald Yates of the USAAF, and his three two-man teams of meteorologists. Stagg was a "dour but canny Scot.. " He had been given the rank of group captain in the RAF "to lend him the necessary authority in a military milieu unused to outsiders". The senior commanders were General Bernard Montgomery, Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay and Air Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, plus Ei Die Wettervorhersage für den 5. und 6. Juni 1944 im Ärmelkanal ist als „vielleicht die wichtigste Wetterprognose, die je erstellt wurde“ bezeichnet worden, weil von ihr die Invasion der alliierten Truppen in der Normandie abhing. Für den Tag der Landung (D-Day) forderten die Militärs eine Fünf-Tage-Vorhersage, was auch noch heute in Gebieten mit hoch variablem Wetter an die Grenzen der Vorhersagemöglichkeiten geht. Immerhin konnten die Meteorologen eine Landung am 5. Juni verhindern, die am Wetter gescheitert wäre, und korrekt eine kurze Schönwetterperiode am 6. Juni vorhersagen. Vom tatsächlichen Ablauf der Ereignisse haben die Beteiligten teilweise widersprüchliche Berichte hinterlassen. Les conditions météorologiques lors du débarquement de Normandie furent un facteur décisif pour la réussite du débarquement. Les Alliés et les Allemands savaient que le débarquement ne pouvait s'effectuer avec des chances de succès que si certaines conditions de temps, de visibilité, de hauteur de marée étaient remplies. Toutes ces conditions devaient également correspondre autant que possible à une nuit de pleine lune.
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Les conditions météorologiques lors du débarquement de Normandie furent un facteur décisif pour la réussite du débarquement. Les Alliés et les Allemands savaient que le débarquement ne pouvait s'effectuer avec des chances de succès que si certaines conditions de temps, de visibilité, de hauteur de marée étaient remplies. Toutes ces conditions devaient également correspondre autant que possible à une nuit de pleine lune. Le débarquement de Normandie (opération Neptune) fut initialement prévu pour le 5 juin mais les mauvaises conditions menacèrent la remise du plan au 19 juin. Une accalmie prévue pour le 6 juin permit aux Alliés, après un report de 24 heures, de débarquer dans des conditions acceptables et en surprenant totalement le haut commandement allemand mais perturba néanmoins le déroulement des opérations en désorganisant les parachutages et l'arrivée des premières vagues sur les plages. Die Wettervorhersage für den 5. und 6. Juni 1944 im Ärmelkanal ist als „vielleicht die wichtigste Wetterprognose, die je erstellt wurde“ bezeichnet worden, weil von ihr die Invasion der alliierten Truppen in der Normandie abhing. Für den Tag der Landung (D-Day) forderten die Militärs eine Fünf-Tage-Vorhersage, was auch noch heute in Gebieten mit hoch variablem Wetter an die Grenzen der Vorhersagemöglichkeiten geht. Immerhin konnten die Meteorologen eine Landung am 5. Juni verhindern, die am Wetter gescheitert wäre, und korrekt eine kurze Schönwetterperiode am 6. Juni vorhersagen. Vom tatsächlichen Ablauf der Ereignisse haben die Beteiligten teilweise widersprüchliche Berichte hinterlassen. The Overlord planners for the invasion of Europe in 1944 specified suitable weather (wind, cloud, tidal and moon conditions) for the assault landing; with only a few days in each month suitable. In May and June 1944 frequent pre-assault meetings were held at Southwick House in Hampshire near Portsmouth by Eisenhower with Group Captain James Stagg of the RAF, the Chief Meteorological Officer, SHAEF, his deputy Colonel Donald Yates of the USAAF, and his three two-man teams of meteorologists. Stagg was a "dour but canny Scot.. " He had been given the rank of group captain in the RAF "to lend him the necessary authority in a military milieu unused to outsiders". The senior commanders were General Bernard Montgomery, Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay and Air Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, plus Eisenhower's deputy, Air Marshall Arthur Tedder, his chief of staff Walter Bedell Smith and his deputy chief of Staff Major General Harold R. Bull. Stagg reported the team consensus, although this has been glossed over in popular memory. Admiral Sir George Creasy remarked on 4 June: "Here comes six feet two inches of Stagg and six foot one inch of gloom….." (1.88m & 1.85m). British general Frederick Morgan (head of COSSAC) had half-jokingly said to him "Remember, if you don't read the runes (or signs) right, we’ll string you up from the nearest lamppost".
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