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rdfs:label
Weltraumgestützte Solarenergie طاقة شمسية فضائية 太空太陽能 Energia solar espacial Energía solar espacial 우주 태양광 발전 Space-based solar power Космическая энергетика 宇宙太陽光発電
rdfs:comment
La energía solar espacial (en inglés, Space-based Solar Power, SSP), término estrechamente relacionado con satélite de energía solar (en inglés, Solar Power Satellite, SPS), es la conversión de energía solar adquirida en el espacio en cualquier otro tipo de energía (principalmente electricidad), la cual se puede usar en el propio espacio o bien se puede transmitir a la Tierra. Desde mediados del siglo XX se vienen usando paneles fotovoltaicos en el espacio a bordo de satélites espaciales para producir la electricidad necesaria para su funcionamiento a partir de la luz solar. La novedad del concepto de SSP reside en la idea de adquirir energía a gran escala en el espacio y transmitirla a la Tierra de forma inalámbrica para su consumo sobre la superficie del planeta.​ 太空太陽能(Space-based solar power, SBSP)又稱為太陽能發電衛星、軌道發電機,自1970年代早期已在构想中的一種太陽能發電系統,在衛星軌道上的太陽能收集器,將從太陽光收集所得的能量以微波或激光形式传送到地球,在地球表面接收後轉化爲電能。其优势是在太阳與太陽能收集器之間無大氣層阻碍,因此效率較高,并且不受昼夜周期的影响。是一种可再生能源。目前的造价仍非常高,不具,技术进一步发展,或能源价格上涨后,有可能提上建造日程。 우주 태양광 발전(Space-based solar power, SBSP)이란 우주 공간에서 태양광 발전을 축척 후 그 전력을 지상에 보내는 발전 방법이다. 일반적으로 알려진 "마이크로파 발전"의 일종이며, 전송 수단으로 마이크로파를 응용한 것의 총칭이다. Space-based solar power (SBSP, SSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in outer space by solar power satellites (SPS) and distributing it to Earth. Its advantages include a higher collection of energy due to the lack of reflection and absorption by the atmosphere, the possibility of no (or very little) night, and a better ability to orient to face the sun. Space-based solar power systems convert sunlight to some other form of energy (such as microwaves) which can be transmitted through the atmosphere to receivers on the Earth's surface. It is attractive to those seeking large-scale solutions to anthropogenic climate change or fossil fuel depletion (such as peak oil). 宇宙太陽光発電(うちゅうたいようこうはつでん、英:Space-based solar power、略記 SBSP)とは、宇宙空間上で太陽光発電を行い、その電力を地球上に送る、というコンセプト、アイデアである。遠隔地に電力を届けることができるワイヤレス電力伝送の方法の一つとして研究が進んでおり、放射型ワイヤレス電力伝送に分類されている。 L'energia solar espacial (en anglès Space-based solar power, SSP), terme estretament relacionat amb satèl·lit d'energia solar (en anglès Solar Power Satellite), és la conversió d'energia solar adquirida a l'espai en qualsevol altre tipus d'energia (principalment electricitat), la qual es pot usar en el mateix espai o bé es pot transmetre a la Terra. Des de mitjan segle xx s'utilitzen els panells fotovoltaics a l'espai a bord de satèl·lits espacials per produir l'electricitat necessària per al seu funcionament a partir de la llum solar. La novetat del concepte de SSP resideix en la idea d'adquirir energia a gran escala a l'espai i transmetre-la a la Terra per al seu consum sobre la superfície del planeta. Космическая энергетика — вид альтернативной энергетики, предусматривающий использование энергии Солнца для выработки электроэнергии, с расположением энергетической станции на земной орбите или на Луне. الطاقة الشمسية الفضائية (بالإنجليزية: Space-based solar power, SBSP)‏ هو تحويل الطاقة الشمسية المكتسبة في الفضاء إلى أي نوع آخر من الطاقة (الكهربائية أساسا)، بوضع أقمار صناعية ضخمة في مدارات في الفضاء، تكون عبارة عن أجسام عملاقة قابلة للتمدد، وتكون مكونة من ألواح وهوائيات قادرة على تجميع أشعة الشمس لتحويلها إلى طاقة كهربائية بحيث تقوم بتلك المهمة بالتحديد. ومن ثم يمكن تحويل حزمة الأشعة، لدى تلقيها في محطات الاستقبال الموجودة على سطح الأرض، إلى تيار كهربائي أو وقود اصطناعي يتدفقان بشكل متواصل إلى شبكات خطوط الكهرباء بغض النظر عن الفصل (صيفاً أم شتاء) أو الطقس أو المكان، وذلك على النقيض من التيار الكهربائي المولد في المحطات الأرضية المستخدمة للطاقة الشمسية. Weltraumgestützte Solarenergie (englisch space-based solar power, SBSP) ist ein vorgeschlagenes Verfahren, um Sonnenenergie im Weltraum zu sammeln und auf die Erde zu übertragen. Ein erheblicher Teil der ankommenden Sonnenstrahlung (55–60 %) geht auf dem Weg durch die Erdatmosphäre durch Effekte wie Reflexion und Absorption verloren. Weltraumgestützte Solarstromsysteme würden Sonnenlicht außerhalb der Atmosphäre in Mikrowellen umwandeln und diese zur Erde hin abstrahlen. Damit würden sie die Verluste und – bei entsprechender Konstruktion – die durch die Erdrotation verursachten Ausfallzeiten vermeiden, allerdings bei extrem hohen Investitionsausgaben für den Transport von Material in die Umlaufbahn. Orbitale Sonnenkraftwerke gelten als eine Form der erneuerbaren Energien. Seit Anfang der 1
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Space-based solar power (SBSP, SSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in outer space by solar power satellites (SPS) and distributing it to Earth. Its advantages include a higher collection of energy due to the lack of reflection and absorption by the atmosphere, the possibility of no (or very little) night, and a better ability to orient to face the sun. Space-based solar power systems convert sunlight to some other form of energy (such as microwaves) which can be transmitted through the atmosphere to receivers on the Earth's surface. It is attractive to those seeking large-scale solutions to anthropogenic climate change or fossil fuel depletion (such as peak oil). Various SBSP proposals have been researched since the early 1970s, but none is economically viable with present-day space launch costs. Some technologists speculate that this may change in the distant future with space manufacturing from asteroids or lunar material, or with radical new space launch technologies other than rocketry. Besides cost, SBSP also introduces several technological hurdles, including the problem of transmitting energy from orbit. Since wires extending from Earth's surface to an orbiting satellite are not feasible with current technology, SBSP designs generally include the wireless power transmission with its concomitant conversion inefficiencies, as well as land use concerns for antenna stations to receive the energy at Earth's surface. The collecting satellite would convert solar energy into electrical energy, powering a microwave transmitter or laser emitter, and transmit this energy to a collector (or microwave rectenna) on Earth's surface. Contrary to appearances in fiction, most designs propose beam energy densities that are not harmful if human beings were to be inadvertently exposed, such as if a transmitting satellite's beam were to wander off-course. But the necessarily vast size of the receiving antennas would still require large blocks of land near the end users. The service life of space-based collectors in the face of long-term exposure to the space environment, including degradation from radiation and micrometeoroid damage, could also become a concern for SBSP. As of 2020, SBSP is being actively pursued by Japan, China, Russia, India, the United Kingdom and the US. In 2008, Japan passed its Basic Space Law which established space solar power as a national goal and JAXA has a roadmap to commercial SBSP. In 2015, the China Academy for Space Technology (CAST) showcased their roadmap at the International Space Development Conference. In February 2019, Science and Technology Daily (科技日报, Keji Ribao), the official newspaper of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, reported that construction of a testing base had started in Chongqing's Bishan District. CAST vice-president Li Ming was quoted as saying China expects to be the first nation to build a working space solar power station with practical value. Chinese scientists were reported as planning to launch several small- and medium-sized space power stations between 2021 and 2025. In December 2019, Xinhua News Agency reported that China plans to launch a 200-tonne SBSP station capable of generating megawatts (MW) of electricity to Earth by 2035. In May 2020, the US Naval Research Laboratory conducted its first test of solar power generation in a satellite. In August 2021, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) announced that it planned to launch a SBSP test array by 2023, and at the same time revealed that Donald Bren and his wife Brigitte, both Caltech trustees, had been since 2013 funding the institute's Space-based Solar Power Project, donating over $100 million. Космическая энергетика — вид альтернативной энергетики, предусматривающий использование энергии Солнца для выработки электроэнергии, с расположением энергетической станции на земной орбите или на Луне. 宇宙太陽光発電(うちゅうたいようこうはつでん、英:Space-based solar power、略記 SBSP)とは、宇宙空間上で太陽光発電を行い、その電力を地球上に送る、というコンセプト、アイデアである。遠隔地に電力を届けることができるワイヤレス電力伝送の方法の一つとして研究が進んでおり、放射型ワイヤレス電力伝送に分類されている。 L'energia solar espacial (en anglès Space-based solar power, SSP), terme estretament relacionat amb satèl·lit d'energia solar (en anglès Solar Power Satellite), és la conversió d'energia solar adquirida a l'espai en qualsevol altre tipus d'energia (principalment electricitat), la qual es pot usar en el mateix espai o bé es pot transmetre a la Terra. Des de mitjan segle xx s'utilitzen els panells fotovoltaics a l'espai a bord de satèl·lits espacials per produir l'electricitat necessària per al seu funcionament a partir de la llum solar. La novetat del concepte de SSP resideix en la idea d'adquirir energia a gran escala a l'espai i transmetre-la a la Terra per al seu consum sobre la superfície del planeta. L'energia solar és una font d'energia renovable i inesgotable i per això té el potencial de resoldre els problemes i ambientals associats amb la dependència dels recursos fòssils i de l'energia nuclear. L'energia solar espacial presenta pros i contres respecte a altres fonts energètiques, especialment respecte a la seva variant terrestre. L'aprofitament dels panells a l'espai és molt major que el dels panells terrestres, al no veure's afectats per l'atenuació de la radiació solar en l'atmosfera terrestre ni per les fases nocturnes, si bé l'energia ha de transmetre's a llargues distàncies amb les corresponents pèrdues energètiques. D'altra banda, l'energia solar espacial tindria l'avantatge d'estar situada fora del sistema ecològic terrestre, no generant pràcticament cap deixalla una vegada en funcionament. Els majors frens al desenvolupament dels sistemes de SSP són l'alt cost de la posada en òrbita dels panells i certs obstacles tècnics, especialment la baixa eficiència de les cèl·lules fotovoltaiques quan treballen a alta temperatura i la difícil transmissió de l'energia a la superfície de la Terra. Des que a la fi del segle XIX es van asseure les bases teòriques de la tecnologia fotovoltaica, el desenvolupament de totes les tecnologies involucrades ha estat notori. En la primera dècada del segle xxi, equips d'investigadors europeus, nord-americans i japonesos segueixen treballant per fer aquesta tecnologia possible algun dia. Per la SSP s'han proposat diverses aplicacions possibles així com diverses opcions tecnològiques, com per exemple el tipus de satèl·lit o la freqüència d'emissió de l'energia a la Terra. Igualment, incògnites com els possibles efectes mediambientals de la transmissió d'energia a la Terra, la vida útil dels panells a l'espai, el temps de tornada energètica o el paper que podria jugar la Lluna, segueixen sense una resposta clara. 太空太陽能(Space-based solar power, SBSP)又稱為太陽能發電衛星、軌道發電機,自1970年代早期已在构想中的一種太陽能發電系統,在衛星軌道上的太陽能收集器,將從太陽光收集所得的能量以微波或激光形式传送到地球,在地球表面接收後轉化爲電能。其优势是在太阳與太陽能收集器之間無大氣層阻碍,因此效率較高,并且不受昼夜周期的影响。是一种可再生能源。目前的造价仍非常高,不具,技术进一步发展,或能源价格上涨后,有可能提上建造日程。 Weltraumgestützte Solarenergie (englisch space-based solar power, SBSP) ist ein vorgeschlagenes Verfahren, um Sonnenenergie im Weltraum zu sammeln und auf die Erde zu übertragen. Ein erheblicher Teil der ankommenden Sonnenstrahlung (55–60 %) geht auf dem Weg durch die Erdatmosphäre durch Effekte wie Reflexion und Absorption verloren. Weltraumgestützte Solarstromsysteme würden Sonnenlicht außerhalb der Atmosphäre in Mikrowellen umwandeln und diese zur Erde hin abstrahlen. Damit würden sie die Verluste und – bei entsprechender Konstruktion – die durch die Erdrotation verursachten Ausfallzeiten vermeiden, allerdings bei extrem hohen Investitionsausgaben für den Transport von Material in die Umlaufbahn. Orbitale Sonnenkraftwerke gelten als eine Form der erneuerbaren Energien. Seit Anfang der 1970er Jahre werden verschiedene Konzepte diskutiert, aber keines ist mit den heutigen Trägerraketen wirtschaftlich sinnvoll, vor allem, weil erdgebundene Kraftwerke den Strom zu einem Bruchteil der Kosten erzeugen. Alle Entwürfe arbeiten mit Strahlenenergiedichten, die nicht schädlich wären, wenn Menschen kurzfristig exponiert würden. Die enorme Größe der benötigten Empfangsantennen würde aber große, ebene (d. h. meist landwirtschaftlich genutzte) Flächen in der Nähe der Endverbraucher erfordern. Stand 2020 werden Studien und Experimente zur Realisierbarkeit derartiger Projekte unter anderem von Japan, China und den USA aktiv betrieben, in Japan wegen der Ablehnung von Kernkraftwerken in breiten Schichten der Bevölkerung, in China und den USA aufgrund langfristiger strategischer Erwägungen insbesondere des Militärs. 우주 태양광 발전(Space-based solar power, SBSP)이란 우주 공간에서 태양광 발전을 축척 후 그 전력을 지상에 보내는 발전 방법이다. 일반적으로 알려진 "마이크로파 발전"의 일종이며, 전송 수단으로 마이크로파를 응용한 것의 총칭이다. الطاقة الشمسية الفضائية (بالإنجليزية: Space-based solar power, SBSP)‏ هو تحويل الطاقة الشمسية المكتسبة في الفضاء إلى أي نوع آخر من الطاقة (الكهربائية أساسا)، بوضع أقمار صناعية ضخمة في مدارات في الفضاء، تكون عبارة عن أجسام عملاقة قابلة للتمدد، وتكون مكونة من ألواح وهوائيات قادرة على تجميع أشعة الشمس لتحويلها إلى طاقة كهربائية بحيث تقوم بتلك المهمة بالتحديد. ومن ثم يمكن تحويل حزمة الأشعة، لدى تلقيها في محطات الاستقبال الموجودة على سطح الأرض، إلى تيار كهربائي أو وقود اصطناعي يتدفقان بشكل متواصل إلى شبكات خطوط الكهرباء بغض النظر عن الفصل (صيفاً أم شتاء) أو الطقس أو المكان، وذلك على النقيض من التيار الكهربائي المولد في المحطات الأرضية المستخدمة للطاقة الشمسية. La energía solar espacial (en inglés, Space-based Solar Power, SSP), término estrechamente relacionado con satélite de energía solar (en inglés, Solar Power Satellite, SPS), es la conversión de energía solar adquirida en el espacio en cualquier otro tipo de energía (principalmente electricidad), la cual se puede usar en el propio espacio o bien se puede transmitir a la Tierra. Desde mediados del siglo XX se vienen usando paneles fotovoltaicos en el espacio a bordo de satélites espaciales para producir la electricidad necesaria para su funcionamiento a partir de la luz solar. La novedad del concepto de SSP reside en la idea de adquirir energía a gran escala en el espacio y transmitirla a la Tierra de forma inalámbrica para su consumo sobre la superficie del planeta.​ La energía solar es una fuente de energía renovable e inagotable y por ello tiene el potencial de resolver los problemas socioeconómicos y ambientales asociados con la dependencia de los recursos fósiles y de la energía nuclear. La energía solar espacial presenta pros y contras respecto a otras fuentes energéticas, en especial respecto a su variante terrestre. El aprovechamiento de los paneles en el espacio es mucho mayor que el de los paneles terrestres, al no verse afectados por la atenuación de la radiación solar en la atmósfera terrestre ni por las fases nocturnas, si bien la energía debe transmitirse a largas distancias con las correspondientes pérdidas energéticas. Por otro lado, la energía solar espacial tendría la ventaja de estar ubicada fuera del sistema ecológico terrestre, no generando prácticamente ningún desecho una vez en funcionamiento. Los mayores frenos al desarrollo de los sistemas de SSP son el alto coste de la puesta en órbita de los paneles y ciertos obstáculos técnicos, especialmente la baja eficiencia de las células fotovoltaicas cuando trabajan a alta temperatura y la difícil transmisión de la energía a la superficie de la Tierra. Desde que a finales del siglo XIX se sentaron las bases teóricas de la tecnología fotovoltaica, el desarrollo de todas las tecnologías involucradas ha sido notorio. En la primera década del siglo XXI, equipos de investigadores europeos, estadounidenses y japoneses siguen trabajando para hacer esta tecnología posible algún día. Para la SSP se han propuesto varias aplicaciones posibles así como diversas opciones tecnológicas, como por ejemplo el tipo de satélite o la frecuencia de emisión de la energía a la Tierra. Igualmente, incógnitas como los posibles efectos medioambientales de la transmisión de energía a la Tierra, la esperanza de vida de los paneles en el espacio, el tiempo de retorno energético o el papel que podría jugar la Luna siguen sin una respuesta clara.
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dbr:Solar_satellite_power
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Subject Item
dbr:Lunar_solar_power
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Subject Item
dbr:Lunar_solar_power_station
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Subject Item
dbr:Lunar_solar_power_system
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Subject Item
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Subject Item
dbr:Space_solar_plant
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dbr:Space_solar_plants
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Subject Item
dbr:Extraplanetary_solar_power
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Subject Item
dbr:Powersat
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Subject Item
wikipedia-en:Space-based_solar_power
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