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- La Massacre de Rumbula va ser una massacre que va tenir lloc entre el 30 de novembre i el 8 de desembre de 1941 en el camí al bosc de Rumbula, a la vora de Riga, Letònia. En aquest lloc, van ser assassinats prop de 25.000 jueus pels Einsatzgruppen A amb l'ajut de col·laboradors locals letons del Sonderkommando Arājs. L'encarregat de l'operació va ser l'oficial de les SS , qui havia supervisat prèviament massacres similars a Ucraïna. , que més tard va assistir la Conferència de Wannsee, també va participar en l'organització de la massacre. Algunes de les acusacions en contra del letó Herberts Cukurs estan relacionats amb la neteja del gueto de Riga per part del Kommando Arajs. La matança de Rumbula, juntament amb moltes altres, van formar la base del Judici als Einsatzgruppen una vegada finalitzada la Segona Guerra Mundial. pel qual una sèrie de comandants dels Einsatzgruppen van ser trobats culpables de crims contra la humanitat. Llevat de la massacre de Babi Iar, a Ucraïna, aquesta va ser la més gran d'atrocitat de l'Holocaust abans que comencessin a operar els camps d'extermini. Unes 24.000 de les víctimes eren jueus letons del gueto de Riga i altres 1.000 van ser jueus alemanys transportats al bosc amb tren. (ca)
- Masakr v Rumbule bylo dvoudenní (30. listopadu 1941 a 8. prosince 1941) vraždění 25 000 Židů v lese nebo na cestě do lesa v nedaleko Rigy během holokaustu. Jednalo se o jednu z největších dvoudenních krutostí holokaustu až do akcí vyhlazovacích táborů. Asi 24 000 obětí byli lotyšští Židé z ghetta z Rigy a přibližně 1 000 obětí byli němečtí Židé, kteří byli převezeni do města vlakem. Masakr v Rumbule byl proveden nacistickou Einsatzgruppe A s pomocí místních spolupracovníků a s podporou od ostatních lotyšských pomocných jednotek. Operaci měl na starosti Friedrich Jeckeln, který již před tím dohlížel na podobné masakry na Ukrajině. , který se později zúčastnil konference ve Wannsee také organizoval masakr. Některá obvinění proti Lotyši Herbertsu Cukursovi se vztahují k vyvraždění ghetta v Rize Arajsovým komandem. Zabíjení v Rumbule, společně spolu s mnoha dalšími, bylo základem po druhé světové válce, kde bylo mnoho velitelů Einsatzgruppen shledáno vinnými ze zločinů proti lidskosti. (cs)
- Im Wald von Rumbula (deutsch Rummel), einem Kiefernwäldchen im gleichnamigen Stadtteil von Riga, ermordeten Angehörige der SS Ende 1941 an nur zwei Tagen über 26.000 lettische sowie 1053 Berliner Juden. (de)
- La masacre de Rumbula fue una masacre que tuvo lugar entre el 30 de noviembre y el 8 de diciembre de 1941 en el camino al bosque de Rumbula, cerca de Riga, Letonia. En ese lugar, fueron asesinados cerca de 25.000 judíos por los Einsatzgruppen A con la ayuda de colaboradores locales letones del Sonderkommando Arājs. El encargado de la operación fue el oficial de las SS Friedrich Jeckeln, quien había supervisado previamente masacres similares en Ucrania. Rudolf Lange, que más tarde asistió la Conferencia de Wannsee, también participó en la organización de la masacre. Algunas de las acusaciones en contra del letón Herberts Cukurs están relacionados con la limpieza del gueto de Riga por parte del Kommando Arajs. La matanza de Rumbula, junto con muchas otras, formaron la base del Juicio a los Einsatzgruppen una vez finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial por el cual una serie de comandantes de los Einsatzgruppen fueron encontrados culpables de crímenes contra la humanidad. Salvo la masacre de Babi Yar en Ucrania, esta fue la mayor de atrocidad del Holocausto antes que comenzaran a operar los campos de exterminio. Unas 24.000 víctimas eran judíos letones del gueto de Riga y otros 1000 fueron judíos alemanes transportados al bosque en tren. (es)
- Le massacre de Rumbula désigne des tueries de masse survenues deux jours non consécutifs — le 30 novembre 1941 et 8 décembre 1941 — au cours desquels environ 25 000 Juifs sont assassinés sur la route et à l'intérieur de la forêt de Rumbula près de Riga, en Lettonie, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À l'exception du massacre de Babi Yar en Ukraine, il s'agit de la plus grande atrocité sur deux jours de l'Holocauste jusqu'à la mise en service des camps d'extermination nazis. Environ 24 000 des victimes sont des Juifs lettons du ghetto de Riga et environ 1 000 Juifs allemands déportés par train. Le massacre de Rumbula a été mené par l'Einsatzgruppe A avec l'aide de collaborateurs locaux du Sonderkommando Arājs et le soutien d'autres auxiliaires lettons. Le Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer (HSSPf) Friedrich Jeckeln est chargé de l'opération. Il a précédemment encadré des massacres similaires en Ukraine. Rudolf Lange, qui a par la suite participé à la Conférence de Wannsee, a également participé à l'organisation du massacre. Le massacre de Rumbula, ainsi que des tueries similaires, sont la base du procès des Einsatzgruppen d'après-guerre où un certain nombre de commandants d'Einsatzgruppen sont reconnus coupables de crimes contre l'humanité. Un mémorial a été érigé. (fr)
- The Rumbula massacre is a collective term for incidents on November 30 and December 8, 1941, in which about 25,000 Jews were murdered in or on the way to Rumbula forest near Riga, Latvia, during the Holocaust. Except for the Babi Yar massacre in Ukraine, this was the biggest two-day Holocaust atrocity until the operation of the death camps. About 24,000 of the victims were Latvian Jews from the Riga Ghetto and approximately 1,000 were German Jews transported to the forest by train. The Rumbula massacre was carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppe A with the help of local collaborators of the Arajs Kommando, with support from other such Latvian auxiliaries. In charge of the operation was Höherer SS und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, who had previously overseen similar massacres in Ukraine. Rudolf Lange, who later participated in the Wannsee Conference, also took part in organizing the massacre. Some of the accusations against Latvian Herberts Cukurs are related to the clearing of the Riga Ghetto by the Arajs Kommando. The Rumbula killings, together with many others, formed the basis of the post-World War II Einsatzgruppen trial where a number of Einsatzgruppen commanders were found guilty of crimes against humanity. (en)
- Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941, dimana sekitar 25.000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga, Latvia, pada masa Holocaust. Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina, peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi . (in)
- Il massacro di Rumbula è un termine usato per indicare gli incidenti sia del 30 novembre che del 8 dicembre 1941, in cui circa 25 000 ebrei furono uccisi nella foresta di Rumbula vicino a Riga, durante l'Olocausto. Fatta eccezione per il massacro di Babi Yar in Ucraina, questa è stata la più grande atrocità dell'Olocausto fino all'inizio delle operazioni nei campi di sterminio. Circa 24 000 delle vittime erano ebrei lettoni del ghetto di Riga e circa 1 000 ebrei tedeschi furono trasportati nella foresta in treno. La strage di Rumbula fu condotta dall'Einsatzgruppen A nazista con l'aiuto dei collaboratori locali dell'Arajs Kommando, con il supporto di altri ausiliari lettoni. Il responsabile dell'operazione era il Höherer SS und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, che in precedenza aveva supervisionato l'esecuzione di massacri simili in Ucraina. All'organizzazione del massacro partecipò anche Rudolf Lange, che in seguito partecipò alla conferenza di Wannsee. Alcune delle accuse contro il lettone Herberts Cukurs sono legate allo sgombero del ghetto di Riga da parte dell'Arajs Kommando. Gli omicidi di Rumbula, insieme a molti altri, hanno costituito la base del processo Einsatzgruppen del secondo dopoguerra dove un certo numero di comandanti delle Einsatzgruppen sono stati giudicati colpevoli di crimini contro l'umanità. (it)
- Het Bloedbad van Rumbula vond plaats op acht kilometer buiten de Letse hoofdstad Riga. Tussen 29 november en 9 december 1941 vond er in Rumbula – een bebost gebied in de buurt van een station – een massamoord van grote omvang plaats. Na de Duitse verovering van de Baltische staten in 1941, werd ook in Letland op grootschalige wijze aan Jodenvervolging gedaan. De executieplaats bij Riga werd door de Duitsers gebruikt om 38.000 Joden te vermoorden. Het merendeel – 28.000 Joden – was afkomstig uit het getto van Riga, terwijl de overige tienduizend afkomstig waren uit Duitsland, Oostenrijk en het protectoraat Bohemen en Moravië. (nl)
- Masakra w Rumbuli – masowy mord na blisko 25 tysiącach Żydów, dokonany przez Niemców i ich łotewskich kolaborantów w ostatnich miesiącach 1941 roku. Pod koniec 1941 roku Niemcy przystąpili do likwidacji ostatnich żydowskich skupisk na terytorium okupowanej Łotwy. Podczas dwóch „akcji” – przeprowadzonych 30 listopada oraz 8 grudnia 1941 – funkcjonariusze SS i policji niemieckiej, wsparci przez łotewskich kolaborantów, wypędzili z getta w Rydze co najmniej 24 tysiące kobiet, starców i dzieci, których następnie rozstrzelali w lesie pod stacją kolejową Rumbula. Wraz z ryskimi Żydami wymordowano także transport niemieckich Żydów wysiedlonych z Berlina, co podniosło liczbę ofiar masakry do ok. 25 tysięcy. Masowy mord w Rumbuli był największą – obok masakry w Babim Jarze pod Kijowem – zbrodnią popełnioną przez niemieckie Einsatzgruppen w ramach „ostatecznego rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej”. Wiosną 1944 szczątki ofiar zostały ekshumowane i spalone w ramach akcji zacierania śladów zbrodni. Zatrudnieni przy tej pracy żydowscy więźniowie z obozu koncentracyjnego Kaiserwald zostali zamordowani przez Niemców. (pl)
- Rumbula är ett skogsområde i sydöstra Riga i Lettland. (sv)
- Massacre de Rumbula foi o assassinato em massa de 25,000 judeus ocorrido nos dias 30 de novembro de 8 de dezembro de 1941 na floresta de Rumbula, próximo a Riga, Letônia. À parte apenas o massacre de Babi Yar na Ucrânia, esta foi a maior atrocidade do Holocausto até o início das operações em campos de extermínio. Aproximadamente 24,000 vítimas eram judeus letões do gueto de Riga, enquanto aproximadamente 1,000 eram judeus alemães transportados de trem para a floresta. O Massacre de Rumbula foi conduzido pelo Einsatzgruppen A com o auxílio de colaboradores locais do Comando Arajs e apoio de outros grupos, como ajudantes letões. No comando da operação estava o SS-und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, que supervisionara massacres anteriores na Ucrânia. , que participaria mais tarde da Conferência de Wannsee, também tomou parte na organização da matança. O massacre de Rumbula, juntamente com muitos outros, formou a base do Processo Einsatzgruppen, cujo julgamento após a Segunda Guerra resultou na condenação à morte dos comandantes dos Einsatzgruppen por crimes contra a humanidade. (pt)
- Ма́ссовое уби́йство в Ру́мбуле — расстрел более 25 тысяч евреев в вблизи Риги в Латвии 30 ноября и 8 декабря 1941 года. За два дня айнзацгруппой «А» с помощью местных коллаборационистов из команды Арайса и латышских националистов было убито около 28 тысяч латвийских евреев из рижского гетто и одной тысячи евреев, привезённых накануне поездом из Германии. Операцией руководил обергруппенфюрер СС и генерал полиции Фридрих Еккельн. Согласно показаниям ряда свидетелей, в акции участвовал латвийский лётчик, член команды Арайса Герберт Цукурс. В Румбульском лесу в пригороде Риги советские военнопленные вырыли три огромных рва (затем все военнопленные были убиты). 29 ноября 1941 года команда Арайса пригнала евреев из рижского гетто на окраину города, где ночью они были расстреляны. При этом сотни людей были убиты в самом гетто. После этого расстрела в рижской газете «Тевия» 1 декабря 1941 года выступил журналист Янис Мартинсонс со статьёй «Борьба против жидовства», отметив: «Наконец, пришло время, когда почти все нации Европы научились распознавать своего общего врага — жида. Почти все народы Европы начали войну против этого врага, как на полях сражений, так и в деле внутреннего строительства. И для нас, латышей, пришел этот миг…» Для удобства был применён способ, который Еккельн называл «упаковка сардин». Евреев заставляли раздеваться и ложиться в яму лицом вниз сверху на уже убитых, после чего их расстреливали в затылок. Как показал один из свидетелей: «На расстрел гоняли женщин с детьми, детей было очень много, у иных матерей было 2-3 ребёнка. Много детей шли в колоннах под усиленной охраной полиции. Примерно к концу декабря месяца 1941 года, утром, около 8 часов, немецкие фашисты гнали на истребление 3 большие партии детей школьного возраста. В каждой партии было не менее 200 детей. Дети страшно плакали, звали своих матерей, вопили о помощи. Все эти дети были истреблены в румбульском лесу. Детей не стреляли, а убивали ударами автоматов и рукоятками пистолетов по голове и сваливали прямо в яму. Когда закапывали в могилу, то ещё не все были мертвы, и колыхалась земля от тел закопанных детей, женщин, стариков». Среди убитых был еврейский историк Семён Дубнов. В 2002 году на месте массовых захоронений сооружён мемориальный комплекс. Автор проекта — архитектор, инженер Сергей Рыж (1947 г. р.), выпускник Уральского государственного архитектурно-художественного университета — УрГАХУ. (ru)
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- 83215 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- Rumbula, Rumbuli, Rumbula Action, the Big Action, the Jeckeln Action (en)
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- Andrew Ezergailis (en)
- Christopher Browning (en)
- Gerald Fleming (en)
- Frida Michelson (en)
- Lyn Smith (en)
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- Remembrance stone, placed in 1964 by Jewish activists in memory of those murdered in the massacre. (en)
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- 0001-11-30 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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- Genocide, Mass shootings (en)
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- Rumbula forest, near Riga, Latvia, Reichskommissariat Ostland (en)
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- Einsatzgruppen, Ordnungspolizei, Arajs Kommando, Latvian Auxiliary Police and Wehrmacht (en)
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- Churbn Lettland - The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia (en)
- Churbn Lettland - The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia (en)
- Remembering: Voices of the Holocaust, pp. 100, 114, 128. (en)
- Hitler and the Final Solution (en)
- I Survived Rumbuli, pp. 77-8 (en)
- I Survived Rumbuli, pp. 85-8 (en)
- Jeckeln interrogation excerpts (en)
- The Murder of the Jews in Latvia, pp. 106-7 (en)
- The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944: The Missing Center, p. 255 (en)
- The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944: The Missing Center, pp. 253–4 (en)
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- Four young women initially escaped the bullets. Naked and trembling, they stood before their murderers' gun barrels and screamed in extreme mortal agony that they were Latvians, not Jews. They were believed and taken back to the city. The next morning Jeckeln himself decided their fate. One was indeed Latvian and had been adopted as a child by Jews. The others were Jewish. One of them hoped for support from her first husband, Army Lieutenant Skuja. Asked on the telephone about her nationality, he answered that she was a Jew and he was not interested in her fate. She was murdered. The second woman received no mercy from Jeckeln, because she was the Latvian wife of a Jew engaged in Judaic studies. With this answer she signed her death warrant, for Jeckeln decided she was "tainted by Judaism." Only the third girl, Ella Medalje, was clever enough to give Jeckeln plausible answers and thus escaped with her life. (en)
- The pit itself was still alive; bleeding and writhing bodies were regaining consciousness. ... Moans and whimpers could be heard well into the night. There were people who had been only slightly wounded, or not hit at all; they crawled out of the pit. Hundreds must have smothered under the weight of human flesh. Sentries were posted at the pits and a unit of Latvian Schutzmannschaften was sent out to guard the area. The orders were to liquidate all survivors on the spot. (en)
- ... we encountered the first evacuees. We slowed down. They were walking quite calmly, and hardly a sound was heard. The first person in the procession we met was Mrs. Pola Schmulian * * * Her head was deeply bowed and she seemed to be in despair. I also saw other acquaintances of mine among the people marching; the Latvians would occasionally beat one or another of them with truncheons. * * * On the way, I counted six murdered people who were lying with their faces in the snow. (en)
- As we came to the forest we heard shooting again. This was the horrible portent of our future. If I had any doubts about the intentions of our tormenters, they were all gone now. ... We were all numb with terror and followed orders mechanically. We were incapable of thinking and were submitting to everything like a docile herd of cattle. (en)
- It is no longer seriously in question that members of the German Order Police, both career professionals and reservists, in both battalion formations and precinct service or Einzeldienst, were at the center of the Holocaust, providing a major manpower source for carrying out numerous deportations, ghetto-clearing operations, and massacres. (en)
- Ludzas street in the center of the ghetto was full of murdered people. Their blood flowed in the gutters. In the houses there were also countless people who had been shot. Slowly people began to pick them up. The lawyer Wittenberg had taken this holy task upon himself, and he mobilized the remaining young people for this task. (en)
- It was already beginning to get light. An unending column of people, guarded by armed policemen, was passing by. Young women, women with infants in their arms, old women, handicapped helped by their neighbors, young boys and girls -- all marching, marching. Suddenly, in front of our window, a German SS man started firing with an automatic gun point blank into the crowd. People were mowed down by the shots, and fell on the cobblestones. There was confusion in the column. People were trampling over those who had fallen, they were pushing forward, away from the wildly shooting SS man. Some were throwing away their packs so they could run faster. The Latvian policemen were shouting 'Faster, faster' and lashing whips over the heads of the crowd.
... The columns of people were moving on and on, sometimes at a half run, marching, trotting, without end. There one, there another, would fall and they would walk right over them, constantly being urged on by the policemen, 'Faster, faster', with their whips and rifle butts.
... I stood by the window and watched until about midday when the horror of the march ended ... . Now the street was quiet, nothing moved. Corpses were scattered all over, rivulets of blood still oozing from the lifeless bodies. They were mostly old people, pregnant women, children, handicapped -- all those who could not keep up with the inhuman tempo of the march. (en)
- The victims were made to lie face down on top of those who had already been shot and were still writhing and heaving, oozing blood, stinking of brains and excrement. With their Russian automatic weapons set on single shots, the marksmen murdered the Jews from a distance of about two meters with a shot in the backs of their heads. One bullet per person was allotted in the Jeckeln system. (en)
- Q: Who did the shooting?
A: Ten or twelve German SD soldiers.
Q: What was the procedure?
A: All of the Jews went by foot from the ghetto in Riga to the liquidation site. Near the pits, they had to deposit their overclothes, which were washed, sorted, and shipped back to Germany. Jewsmen, women, and childrenpassed through police cordons on their way to the pits, where they were shot by German soldiers. (en)
- We found out later that three days before we arrived, they murdered 30,000 Latvian Jews who came into the Ghetto from Riga and the surrounding towns. They herded them into a nearby forest where previously the Russian prisoners of war had dug graves for them, they had to undress completely, leave their clothes in neat order, and then they had to go to the edge of the pits where they were mown down with machine guns. So when we came to the Riga Ghetto, we lived in the houses where those poor people had been driven out and murdered. (en)
- The first thing he came upon was a huge heap of clothes, then men, women, children and elderly people standing in a line and dressed in their underclothing. The head of the line ended in a small wood by a mass gravesite. Those first in line had to leap into the pit and then were murdered with a pistol bullet in the head. Six SS men were busy with this grisly chore. The victims maintained a perfect composure. There were no outcries, only light sobbing and crying, and saying soothing words to the children. (en)
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- About 24,000 Latvian Jews and 1,000 German Jews. (en)
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- Im Wald von Rumbula (deutsch Rummel), einem Kiefernwäldchen im gleichnamigen Stadtteil von Riga, ermordeten Angehörige der SS Ende 1941 an nur zwei Tagen über 26.000 lettische sowie 1053 Berliner Juden. (de)
- Pembantaian Rumbula adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941, dimana sekitar 25.000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga, Latvia, pada masa Holocaust. Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina, peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi . (in)
- Rumbula är ett skogsområde i sydöstra Riga i Lettland. (sv)
- La Massacre de Rumbula va ser una massacre que va tenir lloc entre el 30 de novembre i el 8 de desembre de 1941 en el camí al bosc de Rumbula, a la vora de Riga, Letònia. En aquest lloc, van ser assassinats prop de 25.000 jueus pels Einsatzgruppen A amb l'ajut de col·laboradors locals letons del Sonderkommando Arājs. La matança de Rumbula, juntament amb moltes altres, van formar la base del Judici als Einsatzgruppen una vegada finalitzada la Segona Guerra Mundial. pel qual una sèrie de comandants dels Einsatzgruppen van ser trobats culpables de crims contra la humanitat. (ca)
- Masakr v Rumbule bylo dvoudenní (30. listopadu 1941 a 8. prosince 1941) vraždění 25 000 Židů v lese nebo na cestě do lesa v nedaleko Rigy během holokaustu. Jednalo se o jednu z největších dvoudenních krutostí holokaustu až do akcí vyhlazovacích táborů. Asi 24 000 obětí byli lotyšští Židé z ghetta z Rigy a přibližně 1 000 obětí byli němečtí Židé, kteří byli převezeni do města vlakem. Masakr v Rumbule byl proveden nacistickou Einsatzgruppe A s pomocí místních spolupracovníků a s podporou od ostatních lotyšských pomocných jednotek. Operaci měl na starosti Friedrich Jeckeln, který již před tím dohlížel na podobné masakry na Ukrajině. , který se později zúčastnil konference ve Wannsee také organizoval masakr. Některá obvinění proti Lotyši Herbertsu Cukursovi se vztahují k vyvraždění ghetta v (cs)
- La masacre de Rumbula fue una masacre que tuvo lugar entre el 30 de noviembre y el 8 de diciembre de 1941 en el camino al bosque de Rumbula, cerca de Riga, Letonia. En ese lugar, fueron asesinados cerca de 25.000 judíos por los Einsatzgruppen A con la ayuda de colaboradores locales letones del Sonderkommando Arājs. La matanza de Rumbula, junto con muchas otras, formaron la base del Juicio a los Einsatzgruppen una vez finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial por el cual una serie de comandantes de los Einsatzgruppen fueron encontrados culpables de crímenes contra la humanidad. (es)
- The Rumbula massacre is a collective term for incidents on November 30 and December 8, 1941, in which about 25,000 Jews were murdered in or on the way to Rumbula forest near Riga, Latvia, during the Holocaust. Except for the Babi Yar massacre in Ukraine, this was the biggest two-day Holocaust atrocity until the operation of the death camps. About 24,000 of the victims were Latvian Jews from the Riga Ghetto and approximately 1,000 were German Jews transported to the forest by train. The Rumbula massacre was carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppe A with the help of local collaborators of the Arajs Kommando, with support from other such Latvian auxiliaries. In charge of the operation was Höherer SS und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, who had previously overseen similar massacres in Ukraine. R (en)
- Le massacre de Rumbula désigne des tueries de masse survenues deux jours non consécutifs — le 30 novembre 1941 et 8 décembre 1941 — au cours desquels environ 25 000 Juifs sont assassinés sur la route et à l'intérieur de la forêt de Rumbula près de Riga, en Lettonie, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le massacre de Rumbula, ainsi que des tueries similaires, sont la base du procès des Einsatzgruppen d'après-guerre où un certain nombre de commandants d'Einsatzgruppen sont reconnus coupables de crimes contre l'humanité. Un mémorial a été érigé. (fr)
- Il massacro di Rumbula è un termine usato per indicare gli incidenti sia del 30 novembre che del 8 dicembre 1941, in cui circa 25 000 ebrei furono uccisi nella foresta di Rumbula vicino a Riga, durante l'Olocausto. Fatta eccezione per il massacro di Babi Yar in Ucraina, questa è stata la più grande atrocità dell'Olocausto fino all'inizio delle operazioni nei campi di sterminio. Circa 24 000 delle vittime erano ebrei lettoni del ghetto di Riga e circa 1 000 ebrei tedeschi furono trasportati nella foresta in treno. La strage di Rumbula fu condotta dall'Einsatzgruppen A nazista con l'aiuto dei collaboratori locali dell'Arajs Kommando, con il supporto di altri ausiliari lettoni. Il responsabile dell'operazione era il Höherer SS und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, che in precedenza aveva super (it)
- Masakra w Rumbuli – masowy mord na blisko 25 tysiącach Żydów, dokonany przez Niemców i ich łotewskich kolaborantów w ostatnich miesiącach 1941 roku. Pod koniec 1941 roku Niemcy przystąpili do likwidacji ostatnich żydowskich skupisk na terytorium okupowanej Łotwy. Podczas dwóch „akcji” – przeprowadzonych 30 listopada oraz 8 grudnia 1941 – funkcjonariusze SS i policji niemieckiej, wsparci przez łotewskich kolaborantów, wypędzili z getta w Rydze co najmniej 24 tysiące kobiet, starców i dzieci, których następnie rozstrzelali w lesie pod stacją kolejową Rumbula. Wraz z ryskimi Żydami wymordowano także transport niemieckich Żydów wysiedlonych z Berlina, co podniosło liczbę ofiar masakry do ok. 25 tysięcy. Masowy mord w Rumbuli był największą – obok masakry w Babim Jarze pod Kijowem – zbrodnią po (pl)
- Het Bloedbad van Rumbula vond plaats op acht kilometer buiten de Letse hoofdstad Riga. Tussen 29 november en 9 december 1941 vond er in Rumbula – een bebost gebied in de buurt van een station – een massamoord van grote omvang plaats. (nl)
- Ма́ссовое уби́йство в Ру́мбуле — расстрел более 25 тысяч евреев в вблизи Риги в Латвии 30 ноября и 8 декабря 1941 года. За два дня айнзацгруппой «А» с помощью местных коллаборационистов из команды Арайса и латышских националистов было убито около 28 тысяч латвийских евреев из рижского гетто и одной тысячи евреев, привезённых накануне поездом из Германии. Операцией руководил обергруппенфюрер СС и генерал полиции Фридрих Еккельн. Согласно показаниям ряда свидетелей, в акции участвовал латвийский лётчик, член команды Арайса Герберт Цукурс. (ru)
- Massacre de Rumbula foi o assassinato em massa de 25,000 judeus ocorrido nos dias 30 de novembro de 8 de dezembro de 1941 na floresta de Rumbula, próximo a Riga, Letônia. À parte apenas o massacre de Babi Yar na Ucrânia, esta foi a maior atrocidade do Holocausto até o início das operações em campos de extermínio. Aproximadamente 24,000 vítimas eram judeus letões do gueto de Riga, enquanto aproximadamente 1,000 eram judeus alemães transportados de trem para a floresta. O Massacre de Rumbula foi conduzido pelo Einsatzgruppen A com o auxílio de colaboradores locais do Comando Arajs e apoio de outros grupos, como ajudantes letões. No comando da operação estava o SS-und Polizeiführer Friedrich Jeckeln, que supervisionara massacres anteriores na Ucrânia. , que participaria mais tarde da Conferên (pt)
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- Massacre de Rumbula (ca)
- Masakr v Rumbule (cs)
- Wald von Rumbula (de)
- Masacre de Rumbula (es)
- Pembantaian Rumbula (in)
- Massacro di Rumbula (it)
- Massacre de Rumbula (fr)
- Bloedbad van Rumbula (nl)
- Rumbula massacre (en)
- Masakra w Rumbuli (pl)
- Massacre de Rumbula (pt)
- Массовое убийство в Румбуле (ru)
- Rumbula (sv)
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