About: Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland

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Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC (5 September 1641 – 28 September 1702) was an English nobleman and politician of the Spencer family. An able and gifted statesman, his caustic temper and belief in absolute monarchy nevertheless made him numerous enemies. He was forced to flee England in 1688, but later established himself with the new regime after the Revolution of that year. Subsequently, he took on a more disinterested role as an adviser to the Crown, seeking neither office nor favour. He evinced no party loyalty, but was devoted to his country's interests, as he saw them. By the notoriously lax standards of the Restoration Court, his private life was remarkably free from scandal, which won him favour in the more sober post-Revolution state.

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  • روبرت سبنسر (بالإنجليزية: Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland)‏ (و. 1641 – 1702 م) هو دبلوماسي بريطاني، ولد في باريس، كان عضوًا في حزب الأحرار البريطاني، كان عضوًا في الجمعية الملكية، توفي عن عمر يناهز 61 عاماً. (ar)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. hrabě ze Sunderlandu (Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, 4th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton) (5. září 1641, Paříž, Francie – 28. září 1702, Althorp, Anglie) byl anglický státník a diplomat ze šlechtického rodu Spencerů. Jako katolík a stoupenec absolutismu dosáhl vysokého postavení v obnovené monarchii, prosadil se jako diplomat a ministr. Po pádu Stuartovců musel uprchnout do zahraničí, později se ale znovu uplatnil ve službách Viléma III. jako nejvyšší komoří. Byl rytířem Podvazkového řádu. Jeho syn Charles byl prvním ministrem, v další generaci rodina zdědila titul vévody z Marlborough. V přímé linii byli potomky Roberta Spencera Winston Churchill nebo princezna Diana. (cs)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. Earl of Sunderland, (* 5. September 1641 in Paris; † 28. September 1702 in Althorp) war ein englischer Diplomat und Politiker. Er war unter drei englischen Königen einer der einflussreichsten Berater. Da er keine Treue zu politischen Parteien kannte, war er auch sehr unbeliebt. (de)
  • Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC (5 September 1641 – 28 September 1702) was an English nobleman and politician of the Spencer family. An able and gifted statesman, his caustic temper and belief in absolute monarchy nevertheless made him numerous enemies. He was forced to flee England in 1688, but later established himself with the new regime after the Revolution of that year. Subsequently, he took on a more disinterested role as an adviser to the Crown, seeking neither office nor favour. He evinced no party loyalty, but was devoted to his country's interests, as he saw them. By the notoriously lax standards of the Restoration Court, his private life was remarkably free from scandal, which won him favour in the more sober post-Revolution state. (en)
  • Robert Spencer, né le 5 septembre 1641 à Paris et mort le 28 septembre 1702 à Althorp, 2e comte de Sunderland, est un militaire, diplomate et homme d'État anglais. (fr)
  • Robert Spencer, II conte di Sunderland (Parigi, 5 settembre 1641 – Althorp, 28 settembre 1702), fu Conte di Sunderland dal 1643 alla sua morte, avvenuta nel 1702. Statista abile e dotato, il suo temperamento caustico e la sua fede nella monarchia assoluta gli procurarono comunque numerosi nemici. Fu costretto a fuggire dall'Inghilterra nel 1688, ma in seguito si riconciliò con il nuovo regime dopo la rivoluzione di quell'anno. Successivamente, assunse un ruolo più disinteressato come consigliere della Corona, non cercando né un incarico né un favore. Non fece mostra di alcuna lealtà verso i partiti, ma fu devoto agli interessi del suo paese, per come li vedeva. Per i costumi libertini della corte della Restaurazione, la sua vita privata fu notevolmente morigerata, il che gli valse il favore del più sobrio stato guglielmita. (it)
  • 第2代サンダーランド伯ロバート・スペンサー（Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC, 1641年9月5日 - 1702年9月28日）は、イングランドの貴族・政治家。初代サンダーランド伯ヘンリー・スペンサーとレスター伯の娘ドロシー・シドニーの息子。名誉革命の招聘者の1人であるロムニー伯ヘンリー・シドニーは母方の叔父で、マールバラ公にもなったチャールズ・スペンサーは孫に当たる。 (ja)
  • Robert Spencer, 2.º Conde de Sunderland (Paris, 1640 - 28 de setembro de 1702) foi um estadista e nobre inglês. Nascido em Paris, França, filho único de Henry Spencer, 1.º Conde de Sunderland, e de sua esposa, . Aos três anos Spencer herdou as dignidades de pariato de seu pai, tornando-se o Barão Spencer de Wormleighton e o Conde de Sunderland. Robert Spencer juntou-se à como um capitão do regimento de cavalos do Príncipe Rupert. (pt)
  • Robert Spencer, 2:e earl av Sunderland, född den 5 september 1641 i Paris, död den 28 september 1702 på Althorp, var en engelsk politiker. Han var son till och far till Charles Spencer, 3:e earl av Sunderland. Sunderland användes av Karl II i viktiga diplomatiska uppdrag på 1670-talet, blev 1679 statssekreterare, motarbetade som sådan kungens bror Jakobs tronföljd, avskedades 1681, men lyckades återfå sitt ämbete 1683 och blev 1685 som lordpresident en av de inflytelserikaste medlemmarna av Jakob II:s råd. Samtidigt mottog han pension från Frankrike och underhöll hemliga förbindelser med Vilhelm av Oranien. Han övergick, för att stärka sin ställning hos Jakob, 1687 till katolicismen, men avskedades oktober 1688 för sitt dubbelspel. Efter statsvälvningen samma år kunde han av samma skäl först 1691 återvända till England. Han blev nu åter protestant och lyckades snart bli en av Vilhelm III:s mest anlitade rådgivare. Den allmänna misstro, som den opålitlige ränkmakaren åsamkat sig, nödgade honom att 1697 lämna statslivet. Han bär ansvaret för många bland de regeringsåtgärder av Jakob II, som mest bidrog att framkalla 1688 års revolution. (sv)
  • Роберт Спенсер, 2-й граф Сандерленд (англ. Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland; 5 сентября 1641 — 28 сентября 1702) — английский аристократ, дипломат и политик из рода Спенсеров. Государственный секретарь Северного департамента (1679—1680, 1683—1684) и Южного департамента (1680—1681, 1684—1688), лорд-председатель Совета (1685—1688), лорд-камергер и лорд-судья (1697), лорд-лейтенант Стаффордшира (1679—1681) и Уорикшира (1683—1686, 1687—1689). (ru)
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  • October 1688 (en)
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  • روبرت سبنسر (بالإنجليزية: Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland)‏ (و. 1641 – 1702 م) هو دبلوماسي بريطاني، ولد في باريس، كان عضوًا في حزب الأحرار البريطاني، كان عضوًا في الجمعية الملكية، توفي عن عمر يناهز 61 عاماً. (ar)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. hrabě ze Sunderlandu (Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, 4th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton) (5. září 1641, Paříž, Francie – 28. září 1702, Althorp, Anglie) byl anglický státník a diplomat ze šlechtického rodu Spencerů. Jako katolík a stoupenec absolutismu dosáhl vysokého postavení v obnovené monarchii, prosadil se jako diplomat a ministr. Po pádu Stuartovců musel uprchnout do zahraničí, později se ale znovu uplatnil ve službách Viléma III. jako nejvyšší komoří. Byl rytířem Podvazkového řádu. Jeho syn Charles byl prvním ministrem, v další generaci rodina zdědila titul vévody z Marlborough. V přímé linii byli potomky Roberta Spencera Winston Churchill nebo princezna Diana. (cs)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. Earl of Sunderland, (* 5. September 1641 in Paris; † 28. September 1702 in Althorp) war ein englischer Diplomat und Politiker. Er war unter drei englischen Königen einer der einflussreichsten Berater. Da er keine Treue zu politischen Parteien kannte, war er auch sehr unbeliebt. (de)
  • Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC (5 September 1641 – 28 September 1702) was an English nobleman and politician of the Spencer family. An able and gifted statesman, his caustic temper and belief in absolute monarchy nevertheless made him numerous enemies. He was forced to flee England in 1688, but later established himself with the new regime after the Revolution of that year. Subsequently, he took on a more disinterested role as an adviser to the Crown, seeking neither office nor favour. He evinced no party loyalty, but was devoted to his country's interests, as he saw them. By the notoriously lax standards of the Restoration Court, his private life was remarkably free from scandal, which won him favour in the more sober post-Revolution state. (en)
  • Robert Spencer, né le 5 septembre 1641 à Paris et mort le 28 septembre 1702 à Althorp, 2e comte de Sunderland, est un militaire, diplomate et homme d'État anglais. (fr)
  • 第2代サンダーランド伯ロバート・スペンサー（Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC, 1641年9月5日 - 1702年9月28日）は、イングランドの貴族・政治家。初代サンダーランド伯ヘンリー・スペンサーとレスター伯の娘ドロシー・シドニーの息子。名誉革命の招聘者の1人であるロムニー伯ヘンリー・シドニーは母方の叔父で、マールバラ公にもなったチャールズ・スペンサーは孫に当たる。 (ja)
  • Robert Spencer, 2.º Conde de Sunderland (Paris, 1640 - 28 de setembro de 1702) foi um estadista e nobre inglês. Nascido em Paris, França, filho único de Henry Spencer, 1.º Conde de Sunderland, e de sua esposa, . Aos três anos Spencer herdou as dignidades de pariato de seu pai, tornando-se o Barão Spencer de Wormleighton e o Conde de Sunderland. Robert Spencer juntou-se à como um capitão do regimento de cavalos do Príncipe Rupert. (pt)
  • Роберт Спенсер, 2-й граф Сандерленд (англ. Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland; 5 сентября 1641 — 28 сентября 1702) — английский аристократ, дипломат и политик из рода Спенсеров. Государственный секретарь Северного департамента (1679—1680, 1683—1684) и Южного департамента (1680—1681, 1684—1688), лорд-председатель Совета (1685—1688), лорд-камергер и лорд-судья (1697), лорд-лейтенант Стаффордшира (1679—1681) и Уорикшира (1683—1686, 1687—1689). (ru)
  • Robert Spencer, II conte di Sunderland (Parigi, 5 settembre 1641 – Althorp, 28 settembre 1702), fu Conte di Sunderland dal 1643 alla sua morte, avvenuta nel 1702. Statista abile e dotato, il suo temperamento caustico e la sua fede nella monarchia assoluta gli procurarono comunque numerosi nemici. (it)
  • Robert Spencer, 2:e earl av Sunderland, född den 5 september 1641 i Paris, död den 28 september 1702 på Althorp, var en engelsk politiker. Han var son till och far till Charles Spencer, 3:e earl av Sunderland. Sunderland användes av Karl II i viktiga diplomatiska uppdrag på 1670-talet, blev 1679 statssekreterare, motarbetade som sådan kungens bror Jakobs tronföljd, avskedades 1681, men lyckades återfå sitt ämbete 1683 och blev 1685 som lordpresident en av de inflytelserikaste medlemmarna av Jakob II:s råd. (sv)
rdfs:label
  • روبرت سبنسر (دبلوماسي) (ar)
  • Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (en)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. hrabě ze Sunderlandu (cs)
  • Robert Spencer, 2. Earl of Sunderland (de)
  • Robert Spencer (2e comte de Sunderland) (fr)
  • Robert Spencer, II conte di Sunderland (it)
  • ロバート・スペンサー (第2代サンダーランド伯) (ja)
  • Robert Spencer, 2.º Conde de Sunderland (pt)
  • Спенсер, Роберт, 2-й граф Сандерленд (ru)
  • Robert Spencer, 2:e earl av Sunderland (sv)
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  • The Earl of Sunderland (en)
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