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- Project E was a joint project between the United States and the United Kingdom during the Cold War to provide nuclear weapons to the Royal Air Force (RAF) until sufficient British nuclear weapons became available. It was subsequently expanded to provide similar arrangements for the British Army of the Rhine. A maritime version of Project E known as Project N provided nuclear depth bombs used by the RAF Coastal Command. The British nuclear weapons project, High Explosive Research, successfully tested a nuclear weapon in Operation Hurricane in October 1952, but production was slow and Britain had only ten atomic bombs on hand in 1955 and fourteen in 1956. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, approached the President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, with a request that the US supply nuclear weapons for the strategic bombers of the V bomber fleet until sufficient British weapons became available. This became known as Project E. Under an agreement reached in 1957, US personnel had custody of the weapons, and performed all tasks related to their storage, maintenance and readiness. The bombs were held in secure storage areas (SSAs) on the same bases as the bombers. The first bombers equipped with Project E weapons were English Electric Canberras based in Germany and the UK that were assigned to NATO. These were replaced by Vickers Valiants in 1960 and 1961 as the long-range Avro Vulcan and Handley Page Victor assumed the strategic nuclear weapon delivery role. Project E weapons equipped V-bombers at three bases in the UK from 1958. Due to operational restrictions imposed by Project E, and the consequential loss of independence of half of the British nuclear deterrent, they were phased out in 1962 when sufficient British megaton weapons became available, but remained in use with the Valiants in the UK and RAF Germany until 1965. Project E nuclear warheads were used on the sixty Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles operated by the RAF from 1959 to 1963 under Project Emily. The British Army acquired Project E warheads for its Corporal missiles in 1958. The US subsequently offered the Honest John missile as a replacement. They remained in service until 1977 when Honest John was superseded by the Lance missile. Eight-inch and 155 mm nuclear artillery rounds were also acquired under Project E. The last Project E weapons were withdrawn from service in 1992. (en)
- Le Projet E (en anglais : Project E) est un projet commun des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni pendant la guerre froide, visant à fournir des armes nucléaires à la Royal Air Force (RAF) jusqu'à ce que suffisamment d'armes nucléaires britanniques soient disponibles. Ce projet a par la suite été élargi pour offrir des arrangements similaires à la British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Une version maritime du projet E connue sous le nom de Projet N (Project N) fournit des grenades anti-sous-marines nucléaires utilisées par le Coastal Command de la RAF. (fr)
- E计划（英語：Project E）是英国和美国冷战期间的联合计划，由美国向英国皇家空军提供核武器，直至英国拥有足够的核武器为止。两国随后将计划扩展至莱茵河英国陆军也能装备美军核武，并通过“N计划”（Project N）向提供核深水炸弹。 1952年10月，英国“”核武计划通过“飓风行动”成功引爆首枚核弹，但产能无法满足需求，1955年时该国仅有十枚原子弹，1956年14枚。英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔同美国总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔协商，希望美国向英国“”提供核武器，直至英国拥有充足的核武储备，这便是后来的“E计划”。根据1957年达成的协定，这些核武器的保管、储存、维护和作战准备方面任务均由美方人员负责。核武器放在安全存放区，与轰炸机停放的基地相同。 首批配备“E计划”核武的英国轰炸机驻扎在德国和英国境内，是北大西洋公约组织指挥的。1961年，随着作战距离更长的火神式轰炸机和胜利者式轰炸机交付并接手战略核武器投放任务，开始取代堪培拉轰炸机。1958年，英国境内三个基地的“三V轰炸机”开始装载“E计划”核武。“E计划”的严格规定在实际操作中引起不便，英国半数核威慑力量也因此丧失独立地位，随着英国逐渐掌握充足的百万吨级核武，许多“E计划”武器在1962年淘汰，仅在英国和的勇士轰炸机上继续保留到1965年。 1959至1963年，英国通过“”用“E计划”核弹头装备皇家空军的60枚雷神远程弹道导弹。1958年，英国陆军获取“E计划”核弹头装载下士导弹，美国之后又提供替代产品，直至1977年被取代。此外，英方还通过“E计划”获取八英寸（203毫米）和155毫米核炮弹。1992年，最后一批“E计划”武器退役。 (zh)
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- Set of four Mark 28 nuclear bombs of the type supplied to the United Kingdom under Project E (en)
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- United Kingdom (en)
- United States (en)
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- Deployment of nuclear weapons (en)
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- Le Projet E (en anglais : Project E) est un projet commun des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni pendant la guerre froide, visant à fournir des armes nucléaires à la Royal Air Force (RAF) jusqu'à ce que suffisamment d'armes nucléaires britanniques soient disponibles. Ce projet a par la suite été élargi pour offrir des arrangements similaires à la British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Une version maritime du projet E connue sous le nom de Projet N (Project N) fournit des grenades anti-sous-marines nucléaires utilisées par le Coastal Command de la RAF. (fr)
- Project E was a joint project between the United States and the United Kingdom during the Cold War to provide nuclear weapons to the Royal Air Force (RAF) until sufficient British nuclear weapons became available. It was subsequently expanded to provide similar arrangements for the British Army of the Rhine. A maritime version of Project E known as Project N provided nuclear depth bombs used by the RAF Coastal Command. (en)
- E计划（英語：Project E）是英国和美国冷战期间的联合计划，由美国向英国皇家空军提供核武器，直至英国拥有足够的核武器为止。两国随后将计划扩展至莱茵河英国陆军也能装备美军核武，并通过“N计划”（Project N）向提供核深水炸弹。 1952年10月，英国“”核武计划通过“飓风行动”成功引爆首枚核弹，但产能无法满足需求，1955年时该国仅有十枚原子弹，1956年14枚。英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔同美国总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔协商，希望美国向英国“”提供核武器，直至英国拥有充足的核武储备，这便是后来的“E计划”。根据1957年达成的协定，这些核武器的保管、储存、维护和作战准备方面任务均由美方人员负责。核武器放在安全存放区，与轰炸机停放的基地相同。 首批配备“E计划”核武的英国轰炸机驻扎在德国和英国境内，是北大西洋公约组织指挥的。1961年，随着作战距离更长的火神式轰炸机和胜利者式轰炸机交付并接手战略核武器投放任务，开始取代堪培拉轰炸机。1958年，英国境内三个基地的“三V轰炸机”开始装载“E计划”核武。“E计划”的严格规定在实际操作中引起不便，英国半数核威慑力量也因此丧失独立地位，随着英国逐渐掌握充足的百万吨级核武，许多“E计划”武器在1962年淘汰，仅在英国和的勇士轰炸机上继续保留到1965年。 (zh)
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- Projet E (fr)
- Project E (en)
- E计划 (zh)
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