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- Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism in Maritime Southeast Asia refers to the traditions of Esoteric Buddhism found in Maritime Southeast Asia which emerged in the 7th century along the maritime trade routes and port cities of the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra as well as in Malaysia. These esoteric forms were spread by pilgrims and Tantric masters who received royal patronage from royal dynasties like the Sailendras and the Srivijaya. This tradition was also linked by the maritime trade routes with Indian Vajrayana, Tantric Buddhism in Sinhala, Cham and Khmer lands and in China and Japan, to the extent that it is hard to separate them completely and it is better to speak of a complex of "Esoteric Buddhism of Mediaeval Maritime Asia." Many key Indian port cities saw the growth of Esoteric Buddhism, a tradition which coexisted alongside Shaivism. Java under the Sailendras became a major center of Buddhism in the region, with monumental architecture such as Borobudur and Candi Sukuh. The capital of the Buddhist empire of Srivijaya in Palembang, Sumatra was another major center. The decline of Buddhist states and the rise of Islamic states in the region during the 13th–16th centuries saw the steep decline of this tradition. (en)
- Buddhisme Esoteris Indonesia mengacu kepada tradisi Buddhisme Esoteris yang ditemukan di Nusantara di Jawa dan Sumatra sebelum 700 M, yang mendahului masuknya Buddhisme Esoteris di Tibet Raya dan wilayah Himalaya. Garis silsilah tertentu di Indonesia dirujuk sebagai Mantrayana ("Jalan Mantra"). Mantrayana secara historis disebut dan terbukti dalam literatur Buddhis esoteris Jawa Kuno tertua yang masih ada. Mantrayana adalah perpanjangan dari Buddhisme Mahayana yang terdiri dari perbedaan dalam penerapan teknik tambahan daripada filsafat. Beberapa dari upāya ini merupakan praktik esoteris yang harus diinisiasi dan hanya melalui guru spiritual yang mahir. (in)
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- Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism in Maritime Southeast Asia refers to the traditions of Esoteric Buddhism found in Maritime Southeast Asia which emerged in the 7th century along the maritime trade routes and port cities of the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra as well as in Malaysia. These esoteric forms were spread by pilgrims and Tantric masters who received royal patronage from royal dynasties like the Sailendras and the Srivijaya. This tradition was also linked by the maritime trade routes with Indian Vajrayana, Tantric Buddhism in Sinhala, Cham and Khmer lands and in China and Japan, to the extent that it is hard to separate them completely and it is better to speak of a complex of "Esoteric Buddhism of Mediaeval Maritime Asia." Many key Indian port cities saw th (en)
- Buddhisme Esoteris Indonesia mengacu kepada tradisi Buddhisme Esoteris yang ditemukan di Nusantara di Jawa dan Sumatra sebelum 700 M, yang mendahului masuknya Buddhisme Esoteris di Tibet Raya dan wilayah Himalaya. (in)
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- Buddhisme Esoteris Indonesia (in)
- Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism (en)
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